气相色谱法测定火锅底料中的多种有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了火锅底料中21种有机氯农药和6种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的同时测定方法.样品经乙腈超声提取,凝胶渗透色谱、弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱和N-丙基-2-乙二胺净化,毛细管气相色谱柱分离后,微电子捕获检测器检测.火锅底料中有机氯农药和拟除虫菊酯农药的检出限分别为0.082～2.3 μg/kg和1.5～13.0 μg/kg;有机氯农药的加标水平为10, 20和50 μg/kg,拟除虫菊酯农药为20, 40和100 μg/kg时,27种农药的平均回收率为70.5%～116.0%;相对标准偏差为0.2%～6.1%.本方法快速、灵敏、可靠,可用于火锅底料中多种农药残留的同时检测.     

气相色谱法同时测定山药和葛根中27种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯农药残留量

建立了山药和葛根中20种有机氯和7种拟除虫菊酯农药残留的提取、净化及其残留量测定的方法。样品采用丙酮-正己烷(4:3,V/V)提取,经凝胶渗透色谱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测。结果表明山药和葛根样品基质4水平添加条件下,27种农药的回收率(n=7)为80.1%～103.7%,相对标准偏差为1.9%～11%,最低检测限为0.09～1.82μg/kg,符合农药多残留检测要求。方法可用于山药和葛根中多种有机氯及拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的检测。     

快速滤过型净化结合气相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测茶叶中10种拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了快速滤过型净化（m-PFC）结合气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）测定茶叶中10种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法。比较了采用不同提取溶剂（乙腈、丙酮和乙酸乙酯）和不同提取方式（不加水浸泡和加水浸泡）时10种农药的提取效率；比较了2种QuEChERS净化管和m-PFC柱对茶叶提取液的净化效果和农药残留的回收率。结果表明，茶叶样品不加水浸泡，用乙腈提取效果最好；m-PFC柱对茶叶提取液净化效果良好，而且能保证较高的农药回收率。10种拟除虫菊酯农药在相应的范围内有良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）大于0.9980；10种农药在4个水平添加下的回收率为87.5%~111.3%，RSD为2.1%~8.9%。方法的检出限为0.001~0.015 mg/kg，定量限为0.003~0.05 mg/kg。利用该方法检测市售50例茶叶样品中10种拟除虫菊酯农药的残留，检出率为48%，但农药残留量均在国家标准限量值以下。与传统QuEChERS法和固相萃取法相比，该方法具有操作简单、准确度和精密度良好等优点，为多种拟除虫菊酯类农药在茶叶中的残留测定提供了快速检测的新方法。     

气相色谱法测定果蔬中5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立快速、准确测定果蔬中5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量的方法。采用漩涡振荡提取农药残留,固相萃取柱净化,毛细管柱气相色谱法-μECD检测器测定。该法可同时分离检测5种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留,检出限为0.001～0.005μg/mL。拟除虫菊酯类农药残留量在0.01～1μg/mL范围内与色谱峰高线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.9998。测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.8%～10.5%(n=6),回收率为89.9%～105.0%。     

分散固相萃取/分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定甘蓝中的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取方法,建立了气相色谱法快速检测甘蓝中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及氰戊菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。使用乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经乙二胺-Ｎ-丙基硅烷固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将农药富集到50 μL二甲苯中后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐效应等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明：除氟氯氰菊酯在 0.01~0.1 mg/L范围外,其余3种拟除虫菊酯农药均在 0.01~5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 9~0.999 2;加标浓度为0.02~0.5 μg/g时,除氟氯氰菊酯外其他拟除虫菊酯农药的平均回收率为81.9%~93.5%,相对标准偏差为9.5%~20.7%。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于甘蓝中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

串联双柱固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中拟除虫菊酯

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱定量检测花茶、绿茶、红茶和黑茶4类茶叶中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯3种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的方法。样品采用乙腈进行提取,优化洗脱液配比,选择Carb/NH2和SLH双柱串联净化富集。采用外标法定量,30 min内完成农药残留检测。3种拟除虫菊酯的检出限分别为0.4、1.0和0.3μg/kg,在0.05~2.00 mg/kg内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999。在0.10、0.50和2.00 mg/L 3个添加水平下,空白加标样品的回收率为80.6%~116.3%。茶叶实际样品检测结果的日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%~12.6%,日间RSD为2.7%~12.1%。该法操作简单,重现性好,适用于茶叶中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的检测。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测茶饮料中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

建立了同时检测茶饮料中12种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的方法.样品经乙酸乙酯萃取后,用PSA固相萃取柱(伯仲氨基柱)净化,再由气相色谱-负化学离子源质谱分时段选择离子监测技术进行测定.12种拟除虫菊酯在0.05～1.0 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性相关系数为0.9989～0.9997.在0.02×10-3,0.04×10-3和...     

GC-MS/MS法测定8种植物提取物中15种拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量

建立了8种植物提取物中15种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的气相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。试样经正己烷提取,弗罗里硅土(Florisil)固相萃取小柱净化,采用GC-MS/MS法在多反应离子监测(MRM)模式下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,15种拟除虫菊酯农药在0.008~1.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.9989;加标回收率为63.4%~133.0%;RSD为2.9%~17%(n=6);方法的定量限(LOQ)为0.001~0.06mg/kg。方法适用于石榴皮等8种植物提取物中15种拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的定性、定量分析。     

分散固相萃取/分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定甘蓝中的拟除虫菊酯类农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取方法,建立了气相色谱法快速检测甘蓝中氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及氰戊菊酯4种拟除虫菊酯农药残留量的分析方法。使用乙腈作为萃取溶剂,经乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷固相萃取吸附剂净化提取液,分散液液微萃取将农药富集到50μL二甲苯中后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器进行分析。考察了萃取溶剂的种类与体积、分散剂体积及盐效应等因素对分散液液微萃取萃取效率的影响。结果表明:除氟氯氰菊酯在0.01~0.1 mg/L范围外,其余3种拟除虫菊酯农药均在0.01~5.0mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.997 9~0.999 2;加标浓度为0.02~0.5μg/g时,除氟氯氰菊酯外其他拟除虫菊酯农药的平均回收率为81.9%~93.5%,相对标准偏差为9.5%~20.7%。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于甘蓝中拟除虫菊酯类农药的快速检测。     

有机氯农药残留检测的快速样品前处理效果研究

应用快速样品前处理技术（QuEChERS）与《NY/ T 761-2008 蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的测定法》（NY/ T 761-2008）的前处理方法处理农产品样本,采用气相色谱检测多种农产品中有机氯农药残留量. 分析了 QuEChERS 法前处理用于有机氯农残检测的效果. 结果表明：QuEChERS 法前处理测定18 种有机氯农药残留加标回收率在72. 1% ~ 123. 9%之间,RSD 在0. 5% ~ 19. 1%之间,有72. 2%的农药检出限大于等于 NY/ T 761-2008 方法,只有27. 8%略低于 NY/ T 761-2008 方法,对多种蔬菜水果的测试均符合多农残检测方法要求,结果准确可靠. QuEChERS 法前处理消耗的有机溶剂少、处理速度快、选择性强、回收率高、精密度高、实用性强、安全性更高. 检测有机氯农残时,可在-般情况下替代 NY/ T 761-2008 的前处理方法.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.