SOURCE ROCKS OF THE CALEDONIAN-AGE GRANITOID ROCKS IN WANYANGSHANZHUGUANGSHAN, SOUTHEAST GHINA (Ⅰ)——EVIDENCE FROM Sr-Nd-Pb-O ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS

Based on the systematic study by means of Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopic constraints, the Caledonian-age granitoid rocks from Wanyangshan-Zhuguangshan, southeast China, were derived from the regional unexposed basement rocks of middle Proterozoic in age, belonging to the crust- (S-) type granite. Their source rocks were chemically and isotopically heterogeneous, and probably composed of more than two dominant end-members.     

张八岭隆起南缘早白垩世火山岩稀土元素对比研究

张八岭隆起南缘早白垩世火山岩与北大别山东部、庐枞盆地、鲁西同期火山岩同属于中国东部岩石圈伸展减薄背景下形成的火山岩。然而稀土元素地球化学特征却反映出，张八岭隆起南缘火山岩来源于壳幔过渡带。而北大别山东缘同期火山岩与岩浆上升过程中地壳物质的混染有关，庐枞盆地火山岩岩浆来自与俯冲洋壳有关的富集地幔部分熔融，鲁西地区火山岩岩浆与俯冲的陆壳在地幔源区发生混染和交代形成的富集型地幔部分熔融有关。稀土元素研究的结果与构造背景、微量元素以及Sr，Nd同位索等研究相吻合，进一步表明稀土元素在火山岩岩浆来源方面有很好的示踪作用。岩浆的来源不同以及研究区大型断裂的作用正是张八岭隆起地区成为金矿成矿远景区的重要原因。     

桂北摩天岭花岗岩体的地质地球化学特征及其意义

为研究摩天岭花岗岩体的地质及地球化学特征,分别测定了该岩体的主量元素,微量元素和稀土元素含量,并作了图解分析。结果表明,摩天岭花岗岩体在主量元素特征上表现为富钾,低钠、较低的／7,（Na2O）／n（K2O）,贫钙镁,富铁,w（A）／w（CNK）〉1．1,为强过铝质,具有华南产铀花岗岩的基本特征。微量元素特征表现为：富集强不相容元素,尤其是Rb、Th元素;而贫弱不相容元素zr、Hf、Sm、Y和Yb。Sr元素呈强烈亏损。稀土总含量较低,具有较低的轻重稀土分异,略富集LREE,亏损HREE,具有较低的埘（La）／w（Yb）。岩体具有强烈的负8Eu异常。摩天岭花岗岩体的岩石类型及地球化学特征表明其是S型花岗岩,其形成的构造环境判别图解显示摩天岭岩体具有火山弧花岗岩和同碰撞花岗岩的双重属性。     

新疆萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩稀土元素特征

研究萨吾尔地区两类花岗岩（A型、 I型）的稀土元素特征. 两类花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学特征明显不同, 这与其所处的不同后碰撞构造演化阶段密切相关. 森塔斯岩体和沃肯萨拉岩体为形成于后碰撞阶段晚期挤压-拉张转换体制下的I型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用不发育, 具幔源特征. 阔依塔斯岩体和恰其海岩体为形成于后碰撞结束阶段拉张体制下的A型花岗岩, 稀土元素特征显示其岩浆演化过程中分离结晶作用发育, 其稀土元素显示的一定的壳源特征应为幔源岩浆受地壳物质混染所致.     

白云鄂博富稀土碳酸岩的地球化学特征

重点解剖了一条距白云鄂博ＲＥＥ－Ｎｂ－Ｆｅ矿床东矿,ＮＥ方向３ｋｍ并切割白云鄂博群Ｈ１及Ｈ２岩性段的细料方解石碳解岩岩墙的岩石地球化学特征。结果表明：碳酸岩的稀土元素含量变化大,最高可达２０％（质量分数）、已构成稀土富矿石、碳酸岩的轻稀土元素高度富集,轻、重稀土元素之间发生地极度分馏,但无铕异常显示。形成这种岩石地球化学特征的可能机制为．：碳酸岩浆直接来源于岩石圈富集地幔的代程度部分熔融作用,残留     

母岩高铀离子型稀土矿采区的放射性污染风险浅析

铀与稀土元素同属大离子亲石元素,尤其与钇组稀土关系更密切,因此南岭高铀花岗岩往往同时是铀和离子型重稀土矿床的成矿母岩。国内外研究资料表明,高铀花岗岩中的铀主要以原生铀的形式存在于晶质铀矿中,在强烈风化过程中大部分发生活化转移,而采矿活动对此有显著促进作用;国外众多含铀湿地的发现及其研究资料表明,山区湿地是铀的"高效过滤器"和"沉淀池",花岗岩风化转移到水体中的微量铀经长期累积,可在湿地富有机质土壤和沉积物中富集至(3000~4000)×10^-6,而采矿和农垦活动可将湿地经几千年累积富集起来的铀释放到居民的生活环境中,因而被视为是一种环境风险。因此建议加强母岩高铀离子型稀土矿区的湿地放射性调查和环境保护,以保障湿地对重金属的天然过滤功能,避免湿地束缚铀的释放,这对保护矿区水质和生态环境都具有重要意义。     

CONSTANT VOLUMES PER OXYGEN OF THE EARTH''''S LAYERS

Through the calculation of the VPOs (volume per oxygen) of 1698 rocks and minerals, the authors reach the following conclusion: the mean VPO of glassy extrusive rocks is 22.5. The mean VPO of semicrystalline extrusive rocks is 21.5. Crystalline extrusive and all intrusive rooks from granite to gabbro have a mean VPO of 20.6. According to the models of the earth's layers, the VPO of the upper crust is 20.8. If the lower crust is composed of gabbro, the VPO is about the same as that of the upper crust. If it consists of amphibolite or dioritic garnet granulite, the VPO is 18.8. Based on the data of mantle inclusions and high pressure and high temperature experiments, the calculated VPO of the upper mantle is 17.7. All these are constants in each layer and correspond to the packing concentrations in the packing of equal spheres.     

STUDIES ON THE MESOZOIC MARGINAL ARC SYSTEM OF THE SOUTHEAST COAST AND TAIWAN IN CHINA

The southeast coastal Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong provinces and Taiwan in China comprised an important area in ancient Asia where the Yenshanian continental margin magmatic arc well developed in the late Mesozoic time. It is believed that the oceanic trench and subduction zone are situated on the east side of the Central Range in Taiwan. It seems unlikely that the so-called Hercynian-Indosinian ancient island arc folded system would have occurred in this region.     

Endlagerung radioaktiver Abfälle

Shales, granites and rock salt are currently under investigation as host rocks for radioactive waste. With respect to heat‐producing waste (spent fuel, high‐active waste) these rock types comprise contrasting mechanical and chemical behavior. The differences are due to the respective geological formations: Shales form by slow accumulation of fine‐grained minerals from seawater with subsequent compaction and diagenesis; crystallization of deep‐seated magmas at 700 to 850°C is the process that generates granitic rocks in the upper 20 km of the earth's continental crust; rock salt is a chemical sediment which forms by precipitation of chloride and sulfate minerals from seawater evaporation in shallow marine basins under arid conditions. The extent of chemical reactions between granitic rocks and migrating saline fluids upon canister‐induced heating is quite small. However, thermally induced reactions between sheet silicate minerals in shales may result in a gradual loss of adsorption capacities for released radionuclides. Canister‐induced temperature gain in rock salt results in increasing creep rates which lead to an enhanced enclosure process. Great care has to be taken in the selection of salt formations as host rocks with respect to brines; depending on their composition and temperature brines might react with e.g. potash‐seams.     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带的稀土元素地球化学研究

为了解吉林夹皮沟金矿带的成矿期次,利用稀土元素的示踪性,对夹皮沟金矿带含矿石英脉、花岗岩及变质地层斜长角闪岩等21个样品进行稀土元素含量测定。测定结果表明,石英脉ΣREE=19.12×10-6～147.57×10-6,δEu=0.61～1.22,平均值0.89,具弱的负Eu异常;太古代花岗岩ΣREE=121.40×10-6～157.32×10-6,δEu=0.87～1.09;中生代花岗岩ΣREE=69.78×10-6～90.95×10-6,δEu=0.94～1.02,LREE/HREE比值分别为11.51～14.12和14.16～16.73,后者轻重稀土分馏程度略高于前者;变质围岩ΣREE=22.40×10-6～275.86×10-6,δEu=0.75～5.79,平均值2.30,具明显的正Eu异常。三者都具有轻稀土富集的平滑稀土配分模型。结合其区域地质背景、流体包裹体和稀土元素特征,得出夹皮沟金矿存在两期成矿作用,分别对应于太古代成矿花岗岩岩浆作用及中生代燕山期花岗岩岩浆作用。太古代首次富集成矿,中生代燕山期叠加成矿并扩大成矿规模,成矿时代分别为2475～2469 Ma和170～160 Ma;结合稀土特征研究及包裹体研究,成矿流体以岩浆热液流体为主,遭受轻微地层变质热液混染,中生代成矿流体混染作用更强烈。     

北阿尔泰火山岩形成机制的稀土判别

研究了北阿尔泰地区泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素特征,并应用稀土判据探讨了区内火山岩的形成机制。稀土元素与常量元素相关关系显示,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显,其形成机制可能为部分熔融作用。多种稀土元素联合协变关系的研究进一步表明,北阿尔泰泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的形成机制为部分熔融作用。同时也显示区内泥盆纪及石炭纪火山岩的稀土元素继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。     

Instrumental neutron activation analysis and the characterization of granitic rocks

It has been shown that instrumental neutron activation analysis with intermediate to long-lived isotopes can be used to determine 25 elements in granites from the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa. By the use of the multivariate technique of discriminant analysis these element concentrations were used to characterize the mineralized granite. The results indicate that because of its ability to determine elements influenced by the process of differentiation, as well as incompatible elements, such as Ta, Th and the heavy rare earths, this method provides a powerful tool for the characterization of granitic rocks.     

A Supergene Differentiation Model for Orebearing Granitic Magma

According to the features of geophysics, experimental petrology, granite geology and geochemistry, the differentiations of ore-bearing granitic magmas are discussed. It is put forward that only the supergene differentiations of ore-bearing granitic magma might exist, instead of the hypogene one of the magma. Based on it, a supergene differentiation model for the ore-bearlng granitic magma is presented.     

个旧超大型锡多金属矿稀土元素地球化学特征

对比研究了个旧不同类型岩(矿)石(蚀变花岗岩、钙质泥岩、大理岩、矽卡岩矿石、层状矿石和脉状矿石)的稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征,借以示踪不同类型矿床的成矿物质来源。研究表明不同类型矿石中的稀土元素配分曲线较为相似,成矿物质具有同源性,并与本区的花岗岩具有一定的成因联系。由于其成矿方式的不同,不同类型矿石中的稀土元素特征和矿物组合特征略有差异,脉状矿石和层状矿石中稀土含量相对较少且富集轻稀土,而矽卡岩矿石中稀土含量相对较多且轻、重稀土的含量变化较大。     

郯庐断裂带鲁皖段新生代玄武岩形成机制的稀土判别

根据郯庐断裂带鲁皖段早第三纪、中新世以及更新世玄武岩的稀土元素特征的研究，应用稀土判据探讨了区内玄武岩的形成机制。稀土元素和常量元素的相关关系显示，郯庐断裂带新生代3个阶段玄武岩成岩过程中分离结晶作用不明显，其形成机制应该为上地幔部分熔融作用。通过多种稀土元素联合协变关系也同样反映了这些玄武岩的形成机制为上地幔部分熔融作用，同时也显示区内新生代玄武岩的稀土元素特征继承了其源区物质的稀土元素特征。这一结论与区内Sr，Nd同位素研究的结果相吻合。     

Tectonic setting discrimination and ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar isotope geochronology of the Miba granite

The Miba granite is located in the juncture of Kang County in eastern Gansu Provinceand Lueyang County in Shanxi Province. It is considered to be the post-orogenic granite(POG-type) by major element discrimination method of Maniar. ~40Ar/~39Ar dating indicates that itsemplacement time is about 240-230 Ma and it is the result of the Indo-Sinian magmatism. In theearly Yanshan period (about 193.8 Ma), a thermal event resulted in the partial opening of the ar-gon isotope system of the biotite.     

Influence of the Crystallization Temperature and Atmosphere on the Equilibrium Phase Assemblage of Plutonic Rocks of the Monzonite Family

The influence of external settings on the mineral assemblage of plutonic rocks is studied. The equilibrium compositions of phases formed during melting–crystallization of quartz monzodiorite are calculated by physicochemical modeling (PCM) methods. It is shown that, by changing the temperature and atmosphere of melt formation, one can change the mineral assemblage of the crystallizing solid phase that can be used in stone casting and in the production of mineral fibers.     

浙东南山门地区早白垩世同源岩浆活动的稀土元素制约

对浙东南山门地区早白垩世中酸性火山-侵入杂岩进行了稀土元素含量的ICP-MS分析,对比研究了其稀土元素地球化学特征。不同类型岩浆岩的稀土元素除Eu外具有基本一致的轻稀土富集的右倾配分模式,以及稳定的Sm/Nd,La/Nd和La/Sm比值,表明它们具有一致的岩浆源区,只是分异演化程度不同。Eu/Sm比值(0.02～0.09和0.15～0.21)及一致的Nb/Ta比值(13.9～16.9),介于地壳和地幔值之间,表明其为壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物。稀土元素协变关系显示成岩过程可能以部分熔融作用为主。结合微量元素研究,山门地区早白垩世同源岩浆活动可能与古太平洋板块俯冲碰撞后岩石圈伸展引起的弧后引张构造有关。     

云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩稀土地球化学特征

广泛分布于云南老王寨金矿区的煌斑岩可分为新鲜（弱蚀变）、蚀变、矿化三种,虽然碱种煌斑岩稀土含量范围、分配模式为相似的富轻稀土型,但在ＬＲＥ／ＨＲＥ、ＮＬａ／Ｙｂ等参数也存在一定的差异。新鲜煌斑岩稀土地球化学研究表明,本区煌斑岩为富集地幔不同部分熔融程度的产物;煌斑岩蚀变、矿化过程中稀土元素活动规律的质量平衡计算结果表明,该区煌斑岩的蚀变流休和矿化流体均含有一定量的稀土元素,这些流体主要为伴随煌斑岩     

乌江流域沉积岩风化过程中稀土元素的富集与释放

以乌江流域石灰岩、白云质灰岩、白云岩、硅质岩、页岩和砂岩等沉积岩的13条风化剖面为对象，运用R型分层聚类分析和质量平衡计算方法，研究了这些岩石风化过程中稀土元素（REE）的富集与释放及其对植物生长和河水REE分布的影响，目的是为河水物质来源研究和为农业生产提供依据。结果表明：（1）乌江流域石灰土中REE的富集程度显著高于各自母岩、黄壤、上陆壳（UCC）、中国土壤（CS）和世界土壤（WS）；（2）沉积岩风化过程中REE的富集特征和机制可能与母岩中REE分布特征以及风化剖面中有机质、铁（氢）氧化物和粘土矿物的吸附有关；（3）沉积岩风化过程中释放的REE可为植物吸收利用；（4）石灰岩等沉积岩风化过程中REE和F。等元素的释放对河水溶解态REE的分布有重要影响。