高粘附可拉伸高分子材料与高动态稳定人体电生理监测

高动态稳定人体电生理监测在智能可穿戴健康监测、心血管疾病临床诊断、神经系统疾病治疗以及智能人机交互等领域具有广阔的应用前景.作为人与外部环境的信号交互桥梁,皮肤电极可贴合于皮肤表面,以无创的方式监测和采集各种电生理信号,成为高动态稳定电生理监测的理想平台.从材料角度出发,皮肤电极的高动态稳定性决定于基底材料的高粘附性和可拉伸性.因此,如何通过高分子结构的合理设计制备高粘附可拉伸高分子材料,构筑高度共形粘附于人体皮肤表面的电极,从而实现高动态稳定人体电生理监测,是柔性智能健康监测领域的重要研究方向.本文总结了本课题组近年来在高粘附可拉伸高分子材料制备及其在高动态稳定人体电生理监测应用方面的研究进展,并讨论了高粘附可拉伸高分子材料在下一代柔性智能健康监测领域面临的机遇和挑战.     

柔性可穿戴传感器件与储能器件的发展现状与挑战

随着人们生活质量与对可穿戴监测设备需求的提高以及物联网、人工智能和人机交互等科技水平的发展,能够对人体生命体征信号采集、转化与识别的可穿戴柔性电子装置成为连接智能生物与非智能机械装置的桥梁. 可穿戴柔性电子器件对人体生命体征信号的采集包括人体脉搏、温度、皮肤应变、呼吸和心跳等指标. 本文总结概述了近年来可穿戴柔性传感器对人体生命信号采集的现状以及存在的问题和挑战,并对可穿戴柔性供能器件做了简要的总结和展望.     

柔性可穿戴传感与智能识别技术研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器件能与人体稳定集成,具有多生理参数和运动参数连续动态测量能力,可在健康监测、运动监控、精准医疗、人机交互等领域发挥重要作用.柔性可穿戴传感器件与人工智能技术的结合,充分展示了利用连续动态多参数信号测量的进行疾病、动作、语音等判定与识别的优势.本文通过介绍柔性可穿戴器件在物理信号、化学信号和图像信号传感中应用,从硬件平台和数据处理分析技术两方面介绍了柔性可穿戴器件与人工智能结合的方法和进展,展示了基于柔性可穿戴传感系统的智能识别技术,分析了柔性可穿戴传感与智能识别技术在柔性化集成、数据传输、能源供应等方面面临的诸多挑战,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

可自贴肤的超薄表皮电生理电极的制备及应用

柔性可穿戴表皮电生理电极在人工智能和生命健康等领域具有重要的意义.稳定高质量的表皮电生理信号的获得是监测人体生理信息的关键.目前,常用于临床诊断的Ag/AgCl凝胶电极还存在许多不足,包括在长期使用时带来严重的不适感以及无法避免的运动伪影等.因此,迫切需要开发可长期用于表皮穿戴的、有效避免运动伪影的电生理电极.具有与皮肤杨氏模量相近、厚度极薄(<1μm)的可自贴肤的电极是满足上述需求的典型电极.本文详细介绍了该类表皮电生理电极的研究进展,依据材料种类的不同分门别类综述了其设计思想、基本特征及穿戴时的优缺点,同时,论述了自贴肤超薄电极在医疗诊断和分析、人机交互中的应用,并展望了其在电生理信号采集方面的机遇和挑战.     

有机智能传感材料与器件研究进展

有机光电子材料具有柔性、低成本、可大面积加工以及分子结构可调等特点,在可穿戴智能器件领域具有巨大的应用潜力.有机分子可以通过结构的设计调节其光学、电学、机械和化学等特性,从而实现丰富的传感功能.有机智能传感器具有快速响应、高选择性、高灵敏和机械柔性等优势,被广泛应用于环境监测、电子皮肤、医疗监测、人机交互等智能感知领域.本文综述了近年来有机智能传感材料与器件的研究进展,包括小分子半导体、聚合物半导体和导电聚合物等有机传感材料,以及化学传感器、温度传感器、光学传感器和机械传感器等有机智能传感器件的前沿应用,重点介绍了目前生物传感器、仿生传感器等智能感知器件和系统的发展现状,并对其未来发展过程中面临的挑战进行了分析.     

超薄共形电极的设计及其在电生理信号采集的研究进展

超薄共形电极由于具有超薄、柔软、可拉伸、透气和生物兼容等优点,可直接粘附在皮肤或生物组织上进行生理数据的长期、连续和实时监测,解决了传统凝胶电极透气性差、抗干扰能力弱和舒适性差的问题,被广泛用于健康监测、医疗诊断和人机交互等新兴领域。该文详细综述了超薄共形电极的背景需求、材料组成、制备方法及其在电生理信号采集等方面的研究进展,同时对超薄共形电极制备与应用过程中存在的关键科学与技术问题做了简要概述,并对超薄共形电极发展所面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望。     

高分子导电水凝胶的制备及在柔性可穿戴电子设备中的应用

水凝胶是具有高含水量、可变形性和良好生物相容性的材料,其中导电水凝胶具有良好的导电性、可调节的机械性及自黏附性等特征,逐渐成为制备柔性可穿戴电子设备的最佳候选材料。近年来,具有生物相容性、机械柔韧性和抗疲劳性的导电水凝胶得到广泛研究,能够实现多种生理信号和物理信号的监测及传输,促进了柔性可穿戴电子设备的发展。柔性可穿戴电子设备逐渐成为人机交互技术和人工智能领域的主要研究方向。导电水凝胶通过使用导电聚合物、导电填料、自由离子及其混合物来合成,根据导电机理,所制备的导电水凝胶可分为电子导电水凝胶、离子导电水凝胶和混合电子-离子导电水凝胶。本文讨论了导电水凝胶的制备方法,总结了导电水凝胶在可拉伸性、导电性、生物相容性和自修复性等功能方面的研究进展及其在柔性可穿戴电子设备中的应用,期望导电水凝胶可以取得更好的发展。     

基于二维材料的柔性可穿戴传感器件研究进展

柔性可穿戴传感器是附着于人体皮肤或组织上的监测装置,可以持续监测和量化特定微环境变化所产生的电信号或化学信号,在医学诊断和治疗方面具有广泛的应用前景.二维材料具有原子薄层的平面结构、优异的机械柔性和电学性能,非常适合用于构建可穿戴传感器.近年来,基于二维材料的柔性传感器在材料制备、工艺设计和设备集成等方面取得了巨大的进...     

基于仿生MXene纤维导电网络的柔性透明电极及电容传感器

为了开发具有优良性能的智能伪装隐身器件,使用预模板法制备了柔性透明电极.以叶脉纤维为预模板,在其表面沉积金属碳化物/氮化物（MXene）,从而开发了具有透明有序导电网络结构的透明电极.叶脉表面的羟基基团与导电材料的表面活性基团的相互作用极大地提高了导电材料与基底的表面结合力.此柔性透明电极在透光率为80.6%时,方阻为11.4Ω/sq,有效地避免了光电特性之间的“权衡”效应,且在1000次弯曲循环下电阻几乎保持不变,具备良好的耐久性和稳定性.将此透明电极成功制备透明电容式传感器,其灵敏度可达0.09 kPa^-1,且在1000次循环之后相对电容基本保持不变,具有出色的传感性能和耐久性,可以在人难以察觉的状态下监测人体运动信号.此柔性透明电极和透明电容传感器在可穿戴伪装电子领域具有巨大潜力.     

柔性纤维生物电子复合材料与器件

可穿戴和可植入的纤维生物电子器件可以实现对人体生理体征的实时监测和精准调控,在健康监测和疾病诊疗等领域发挥了革新作用.然而,传统的纤维生物电子器件柔性不足而与生物软组织的力学性能不匹配,难以形成稳定的器件/组织界面,最终无法实现长期稳定工作.本文重点介绍了近年来课题组针对上述问题在柔性纤维生物电子复合材料与器件方面的研究进展.首先制备了具有杂化结构和芯鞘结构的柔性高分子复合纤维电极,并面向柔性生物电子器件要求,对纤维材料的电学和力学性能及生物安全性进行表征.进一步,基于所制备的复合纤维电极,发展出一系列可穿戴和可植入的纤维生物电子器件,具有传感、能源、调控等功能,并通过建立稳定的器件/组织界面,实现了在体长期工作,在生物医学研究和智慧医疗等领域展现出良好的应用前景.最后,展望了柔性纤维生物电子领域的未来发展方向.     

Artificial intelligence-based microfluidic platforms for the sensitive detection of environmental pollutants: Recent advances and prospects

Environmental pollution and its drastic effects on human and animal health have urged governments to implement strict policies to minimize damage. The first step in applying such policies is to find reliable methods to detect pollution in various media, including water, food, soil, and air. In this regard, various approaches such as spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques have been proposed. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional analytical methods, microfluidic devices have emerged as sensitive technologies capable of generating high content information during the past few years. The passage of contaminant samples through the microfluidic channels provides essential details about the whole environment after detection by the detector. In the meantime, artificial intelligence is an ideal means to identify, classify, characterize, and even predict the data obtained from microfluidic systems. The development of microfluidic devices with integrated machine learning and artificial intelligence is promising for the development of next-generation monitoring systems. Combination of the two systems ensures time efficient setups with easy operation. This review article is dedicated to the recent developments in microfluidic chips coupled with artificial intelligence technology for the evolution of more convenient pollution monitoring systems.     

柔性电子学中的表界面化学

柔性电子作为新兴的研究热点, 涉及材料、 化学、 物理等多个基础学科的交叉, 以及在生物医用、 可穿戴设备及人工智能等多个领域的应用. 柔性电子设备的制造加工过程中会用到弹性基底、 导电层、 功能层等多种性质各异的材料, 其互相之间的整合受到它们表面性质和界面结合力的限制; 器件的功能、 可靠性、 对环境的敏感性等也受到了器件表界面性质的影响; 因此, 对材料和器件表界面的处理在柔性电子学中具有重要作用. 本文对柔性电子学中常用的表界面化学过程分为3大类进行介绍: 表面电化学过程, 基于特定化合物反应产生的电流制备电化学传感器, 利用电流/电压控制表面负载化合物; 表面修饰, 通过表面改性提高材料的加工性能, 共价修饰分子层或其它材料赋予器件特殊功能性质或保护层; 不同材料之间的界面连接, 通过共价连接或化学反应辅助的物理交联实现不同材料的结合, 提高柔性器件的稳定性, 实现柔性设备的整合. 对各应用进行总结和举例后, 讨论了存在的问题, 并对未来的发展方向及前景进行了展望.     

All-oxide-based and metallic electrode-free artificial synapses for transparent neuromorphic computing

The extraordinary abilities of the human brain rely on the functioning of biological synapses in the nervous system. Emulating human brain activity for neuromorphic computing has been an alluring prospect in artificial intelligence, and this would become possible with the development of an efficient artificial synapse. The human brain assimilates most information through visual perception. Therefore, optoelectronic synapses can be considered an important keystone of neuromorphic computing due to their efficient ability to process optoelectronic input signals. In this work, a metallic electrode-free, all-oxide-based optoelectronic synapse was developed that demonstrated efficient and repeatable electronic and photonic synaptic plasticity behaviour. A unique artificial synapse with an n–n heterostructure was developed using ZnO and V₂O₅. This artificial synapse structure has high optical transparency and does not require a metallic electrode for data acquisition. The device exhibits resistive switching memory behaviour, along with electronic and photonic synaptic behaviour. The storing and erasing of information, as well as learning-experience behaviour, was also successfully demonstrated in the V₂O₅/ZnO artificial synapse. This work could therefore be beneficial to the development of artificial intelligence when transparent and metallic electrode-free synaptic devices are considered necessary.     

Robots in flexible analysis systems

In this article an attempt is made to place robots in the general context of automation. The changes that will have to take place to avoid the robot becoming a dedicated instrument are discussed. To obtain real flexible analysis systems both hardware and software will have to change. The robot periphery and the controllers will have to be standardised, and to become more user-friendly the software developments based on the techniques of artificial intelligence (AI) will have to be supported by appropriate tactile and visual sensors. Experience based on the automation of sample preparation in biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis with existing laboratory equipment is discussed in this perspective.     

Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Biomedical vibrational spectroscopy has come of age. The past twenty years have brought many advancements and new developments and now its practitioners face a new challenge: artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has the capability to detect meaningful relationships in data sets such as those found in an infrared or Raman spectrum. The present narrative assesses the degree to which biomedical vibrational spectroscopy has already embraced artificial intelligence and what can be expected going forward. This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy.     

A simple PDMS-based electro-fluidic interface for microchip electrophoretic separations

High voltage electrodes for electrophoresis have been integrated into a polymer layer that can be reversibly bound to glass microchips for electrophoretic separations. By using the liquid precursor to the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), platinum electrodes and reservoirs can be positioned prior to solidification, providing a simple and flexible method for electrode interface construction. Field strengths up to 875 V cm(-1) over an 8 cm separation channel can be applied to the system without any loss in performance of the interface. The interface can function as an electro-fluidic interface between the high voltage power supply and the separation channel and, when reversibly sealed to an etched glass plate, functions as a cover plate establishing a hybrid PDMS-glass microchip in which the electrodes are directly integrated onto the device. The versatility of this approach is not only demonstrated by separating DNA fragments in a novel buffer sieving matrix, but also with the molecular diagnostic analysis of a variety of DNA samples for Duschenne Muscular Dystrophy and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, using both microchip interface configurations.     

Present and future of expert systems in food analysis

This paper presents an overview of the most relevant contributions in the field of expert system (ES) applications in chemical analysis of foods, along with a critical discussion of future, would-be developments. It illustrates the possibilities offered as well as the fact that quality control laboratories should be aware of the power of artificial intelligence that modern computer technology affords. It is worth noting that the applications described are straightforward with a certain versatility and can, therefore, be implemented for other analytes and/or food samples. Special attention is devoted to the promising distributed knowledge-based systems due to their potential advantages over the existing centralized approaches, as inferred from a recent example of application to the on-line monitoring of some key chemical parameters in the course of a food production process. Short and middle term predictions concerning the potential of ES in food analysis are also made.     

传感器阵列信号处理的人工神经网络方法

本文提出传感器阵列信号处理的人工神经网络方法,并以K~+/Ca~(2+)/NO_3~-/Cl~-阵列系统为对象,尝试了该方法的效果。结果表明,其拟合最大相对误差不超过7.4％,预测最大相对误差不超过6.9％。可见,其性能良好,可望成为各种传感器阵列信号处理的有用工具。     

Transparent Electronic Skin Device Based on Microstructured Silver Nanowire Electrode

Transparent, flexible electronic skin holds a wide range of applications in robotics, humanmachine interfaces, artificial intelligence, prosthetics, and health monitoring. Silver nanowire are mechanically flexible and robust, which exhibit great potential in transparent and electricconducting thin film. Herein, we report on a silver-nanowire spray-coating and electrodemicrostructure replicating strategy to construct a transparent, flexible, and sensitive electronic skin device. The electronic skin device shows highly sensitive piezo-capacitance response to pressure. It is found that micropatterning the surface of dielectric layer polyurethane elastomer by replicating from microstructures of natural-existing surfaces such as lotus leaf, silk, and frosted glass can greatly enhance the piezo-capacitance performance of the device. The microstructured pressure sensors based on silver nanowire exhibit good transparency, excellent flexibility, wide pressure detection range (0-150 kPa), and high sensitivity (1.28 kPa^-1).