石蒜碱的全合成及结构修饰研究进展

石蒜碱是石蒜科生物碱中非常重要的一类异喹啉生物碱衍生物,近年来药物及有机化学工作者发现石蒜碱及其衍生物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶、抗疟疾、保护心血管等多种作用,由于其复杂而独特的分子结构和广泛的药理活性使得科研工作者们进行了大量的全合成尝试及结构修饰等研究.作者对石蒜碱的全合成及其结构修饰进行了综述.     

紫外分光光度法测定石蒜中石蒜碱含量

石蒜(Lycoris Herb.)属于单子叶植物纲石蒜科(Amaryllidaceae)植物,石蒜碱(Lycorien)是石蒜中具有显著生理活性的异喹啉类生物碱[1-2],具有很强的抗病毒活性和抗肿瘤作用[3-5],在临床上多用于小儿麻痹后遗症的治疗[1]。目前,石蒜碱的测定方法主要有高效液相色谱法(HPLC)[6],但由于该法操作复杂,不利于常规检测,因此建立石蒜碱的简便检测方法具有重要的现实意义。本工作用紫外分光光度法测定石蒜中石蒜碱含量。     

5-溴水杨醛亚胺合铜(Ⅱ)类配合物的合成与抑菌活性

希夫碱类药物由于其良好的抗肿瘤、抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌等多种生物活性而日益受到人们的重视[1,2].近年来我们合成了一系列水杨醛亚胺希夫碱药物[3,4],发现取代水杨醛亚胺希夫碱药物的杀菌抑霉活性更高,抗菌谱更广.故又设计合成了5-溴水杨醛缩苯胺、邻甲(间氯)苯胺新希夫碱及其Cu(Ⅱ)配合物,并由元素分析和红外光谱所表征.合成路线如下:     

新型6,6-取代芳基富烯的合成

以取代的芳基酮为原料, 合成了一系列6,6-取代芳基富烯, 这些富烯都经过了核磁共振、元素分析、质谱和红外光谱的鉴定. 芳基酮上的取代基决定了合成中所用碱的类型. 对于含吸电子取代的酮, 采用乙醇钠作为碱可以达到很高的产率, 而对于含烷基等推电子取代的酮, 用环戊二烯基钠直接反应是一种比较好的合成方法.     

石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅴ.臭水仙中的生物碱及新生物碱臭水仙碱的结构

从臭水仙(Narcissus papyraceus Ker-Gawl)的鳞茎中分离和鉴定了六个已知生物碱:石蒜碱(1)、多花水仙碱(2)、加兰他敏(3)、力可拉敏(4)、假石蒜碱(5)和maritidine(6).此外还分到一种新生物碱臭水仙碱(Papyramine),根据化学和光谱(UV,IR,ORD,NMR)数据证明其化学结构为7.     

吴茱萸碱及其衍生物抗肿瘤活性的密度泛函理论研究

为了研究吴茱萸碱及其衍生物的抗肿瘤活性和分子结构之间的关系,运用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,以6-311++G**为基组对吴茱萸碱、5-硫代吴茱萸碱和5-亚甲基吴茱萸碱进行了优化计算.从分子的几何构型、NBO电荷及前线轨道能等方面分析吴茱萸碱及其衍生物的抗肿瘤活性与结构之间的关系.结果表明,前线分子轨道对活性影响显著,ΔE_(LUMO-HOMO)越低,分子的抗肿瘤活性越强.由此得到的抗肿瘤活性大小为,5-硫代吴茱萸碱的抗肿瘤活性是最强的,吴茱萸碱次之,5-亚甲基吴茱萸碱的抗肿瘤活性最弱,计算结果与实验结果十分吻合.     

含硫醚、硒醚及二硫键链接侧链的小檗碱衍生物的合成及体外抗肿瘤活性

为开发高效低毒的抗肿瘤天然产物衍生物,依据药物拼合原理设计并合成了10个新型小檗碱衍生物。将盐酸小檗碱与含单硫醚、单硒醚和二硫键脂肪链片段通过缩合反应得到目标化合物,其化学结构均经过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱以及高分辨质谱确证。采用噻唑蓝（MTT）法考察其体外抗肿瘤活性,结果表明,7个化合物针对不同的癌细胞株的抑制活性优于盐酸小檗碱,同时对人正常肝细胞L02的毒性较低。化合物3e的体外抗肿瘤活性最佳(针对BEL-7402的IC₅₀值为8.70μmol/L,选择性指数为3.61),可对其深入研究用以开发高效低毒的抗肿瘤药物。     

3-杂环取代吲哚衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤活性研究进展

杂环是大部分天然产物、合成及半合成分子的关键分子组成部分,具有重要的生物活性。其中,五元环及六元环体系是抗肿瘤药物的重要支架,在3-取代吲哚药物设计中占据重要地位,表现出较好的肿瘤抑制活性。本文围绕近年来含五元环、六元环的3-取代杂环吲哚衍生物的抗肿瘤活性及其构效关系进行综述,以期为含杂环的吲哚衍生物的合成研究提供一定参考。     

新型2-胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

设计合成了一系列新型的N1-(5-取代基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-N3-取代苯基-脲类化合物,并测定了它们的抗肿瘤活性.标题化合物对肿瘤转移的生物活性实验是以荷Lewis肺癌小鼠为模型的.生物活性表明部分标题化合物对肿瘤的转移和肿瘤生长具有较好的抑制作用.其结构经元素分析、红外光谱及1H NMR确证.     

双(取代苯酰氧基)二茂钛衍生物的质谱分析

二茂钛类衍生物具有催化抗肿瘤活性,因而引起人们的研究兴趣。我们曾探讨了一系列双(取代苯酰氧基)二茂钛衍生物、含茂钛聚合物的合成、光谱、质谱及其反应性。本文报道有关衍生物的质谱分析,并讨论其规律性。     

5-Fluorouracil derivatives. XX. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5'-O-unsaturated acyl-5-fluorouridines

Various kinds of 5'-O-unsaturated acyl 5-fluorouridines were synthesized to obtain 5-fluorouridine derivatives with low toxicity and high antitumor activity. Antitumor activity of the compounds against L-1210 leukemia in mice was examined, and the 5'-O-4-pentenoyl derivative showed the highest antitumor activity.     

含氨基酸席夫碱的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

以N 1-(2-四氢呋喃烷基)-5-氟尿嘧啶为原料, 与1,4-二溴丁烷反应, 得到N¹-(2-四氢呋喃烷基)-N³-(4-溴丁基)-5-氟尿嘧啶(2), 最后与氨基酸席夫碱的钾盐缩合, 得到13个新的目标化合物3. 其结构经IR, ¹H NMR, MS和元素分析确证. 初步的体外抗肿瘤试验结果表明, 目标化合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of lycorine derivatives as dual inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurologically degenerative disorder that affects more than 20 million people worldwide. The selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors and bivalent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors represent new treatments for AD. FINDINGS: A series of lycorine derivatives (1--10) were synthesized and evaluated for anti-cholinesterase activity. Result showed that the novel compound 2-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-1-O-(methylthio)methyllycorine (7) was a dual inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) with IC50 values of 11.40 [PLUS-MINUS SIGN] 0.66 muM and 4.17 [PLUS-MINUS SIGN] 0.29 muM, respectively. The structure-activity relationships indicated that (i) the 1-O-(methylthio)methyl substituent in lycorine was better than the 1-O-acetyl group for the inhibition of cholinesterase; (ii) the acylated or etherified derivatives of lycorine and lycorin-2-one were more potent against hBChE than hAChE; and (iii) the oxidation of lycorine at C-2 decreases the activity. CONCLUSION: Acylated or etherified derivatives of lycorine are potential dual inhibitors of hBChE and hAChE. Hence, further study on the modification of lycorine for ChE inhibition is necessary.     

5-Fluorouracil derivative. XVII. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5'-O-acyl-5-fluorouridines

With the aim of diminishing the toxicity of 5-fluorouridine (1) and obtaining biologically active derivatives of 1, various kinds of 5'-O-acyl-5-fluorouridines 2 were synthesized. The antitumor activity of the compounds against L-1210 leukemia in mice was examined. The 5'-O-heptanoyl derivative 2h showed the highest antitumor activity.     

白杨素甘氨酸类化合物的合成及抗癌活性

以白杨素为起始原料, 通过卤代和水解反应制得中间产物7-O-羧烷基化的白杨素衍生物(6~9); 然后以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDCI)、 1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBt)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化体系, 4个中间产物分别与甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐进行酰胺缩合反应, 制得白杨素甘氨酸甲酯类化合物12~15; 化合物12~15在pH=10~11和室温下水解得到相应的白杨素甘氨酸类化合物(16~19). 所有目标化合物的结构均经 ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR以及MS确认. 以顺铂为阳性对照药物, 采用噻唑蓝比色(MTT)法检测了目标化合物对人肝癌细胞HepG2和人胃癌细胞MGC-803的体外增殖抑制作用. 结果表明, 目标化合物14~16, 18和19的体外抗肿瘤活性明显强于白杨素, 且化合物18(IC₅₀=4.36 μmol/L)对MGC-803细胞的增殖抑制作用强于阳性药物顺铂(IC₅₀=4.40 μmol/L).     

Cytotoxic alkaloids and a flavan from the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum

A new pyrrolophenanthridone alkaloid, criasiaticidine A (1), was isolated from the bulbs of Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum, together with pratorimine (2), lycorine (3) and 4'-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan (4). The structure of the new alkaloid was determined to be 4,5-etheno-9,10-dihydroxy-6-phenanthridone by spectroscopic means. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds 1-4 was evaluated in vitro against Meth-A (mouse sarcoma) and Lewis lung carcinoma (mouse lung carcinoma) tumor cell lines. Furthermore, 3 was examined for in vivo antitumor activity with LLC tumor cells.     

Biological Activity of Newly Synthesized Benzimidazole and Benzothizole 2,5-Disubstituted Furane Derivatives

Newly designed and synthesized cyano, amidino and acrylonitrile 2,5-disubstituted furane derivatives with either benzimidazole/benzothiazole nuclei have been evaluated for antitumor and antimicrobial activity. For potential antitumor activity, the compounds were tested in 2D and 3D cell culture methods on three human lung cancer cell lines, A549, HCC827 and NCI-H358, with MTS cytotoxicity and BrdU proliferation assays in vitro. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 15 have been proven to be compounds with potential antitumor activity with high potential to stop the proliferation of cells. In general, benzothiazole derivatives were more active in comparison to benzimidazole derivatives. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated with Broth microdilution testing (according to CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) guidelines) on Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was included in testing as a eukaryotic model organism. Compounds 5, 6, 8, 9 and 15 showed the most promising antibacterial activity. In general, the compounds showed antitumor activity, higher in 2D assays in comparison with 3D assays, on all three cell lines in both assays. In natural conditions, compounds with such an activity profile (less toxic but still effective against tumor growth) could be promising new antitumor drugs. Some of the tested compounds showed antimicrobial activity. In contrast to ctDNA, the presence of nitro group or chlorine in selected furane-benzothiazole structures did not influence the binding mode with AT-DNA. All compounds dominantly bound inside the minor groove of AT-DNA either in form of monomers or dimer and higher-order aggregates.     

氟尿嘧啶自旋标记衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤活性

稳定氮氧自由基作为某些抗癌药物的载体,不仅能提高药物对癌细胞的选择性,而且为借助电子自旋共振(ESR)技术研究药物的作用机理和代谢提供了一种新手段。在前文中,我们报道了几种5-氟尿嘧啶的自旋标记衍生物。作为这一工作的继续,本文报道一系列新的氟尿嘧啶自旋标记衍生物10_(a—c)、11_(a—c)和12_(a—c)的合成及其抗肿瘤活性的研究。     

外式双环[2.2.1]庚烷(庚-5-烯)-2,3-二甲酸酐膦二肽衍生物的合成

选择有机磷基团对斑蝥素的结构骨架进行修饰改造,以外式双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二甲酸酐为原料,设计合成了一系列斑蝥素类似物。化合物的结构经1HNMR,MS及元素分析确证。     

Synthesis of some new pyrimidine derivatives and evaluation of their anticancer and antibacterial activities

Starting from the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with thiourea and the appropriate aldehydes, a series of new pyrimidine derivatives were prepared. Ten selected pyrimidine derivatives were subjected to a screening system for the investigation of their antitumor potency against liver (HEPG2) cell line. The antitumor activity results indicated that most of the selected pyrimidine derivatives showed moderate growth inhibition activity against the tested cell line, but with varying intensities in comparison to the known anticancer drugs: 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin. Some of the synthesized compounds were also tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria as well as fungal isolates.