Study of the Effects of N Fertilization and Plant Density on the Essential Oil Composition and Yield of Cuminum cyminum L. Seeds by HS–SME

Headspace-solvent microextraction (HS–SME) with sample ultrasound irradiation was successfully used for the study of the influence of nitrogen fertilization and plant density on the essential oil yield and composition of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds. The components were collected into a single microdrop of n-heptadecane and directly injected into a GC–MS injection port for analysis. A simplex method was used for fast optimization of the extraction parameters. The experiments were executed as split-plot based on randomized complete block design. Nitrogen fertilization as the main factor (in four levels) and plant density as subsidiary factor (in three levels) were applied. It was shown that the total GC peak areas of the HS–SME extract, is proportional to the essential oil yield of the cumin seeds obtained by a hydrodistillation method. Furthermore, similar trends in the concentrations of cuminaldehyde and most other volatile components were obtained by the two methods.     

Composition and Properties of the Unique Oil from Azerbaijan’s Naftalan Oilfield

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Azerbaijan’s Naftalan oil is unique in the world because of its medicinal properties. The physicochemical characteristics and chemical composition of...     

Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial Compounds from Thyme Essential Oil by Means of Overpressured Layer Chromatography,Bioautography and GC–MS

A simple method is described for efficient isolation of compounds having an antibacterial effect. Two thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils, obtained from the market, were chosen as prospective materials likely to feature several bioactive components when examined by thin layer chromatography coupled with direct bioautography as a screening method. The newly developed infusion overpressured layer chromatographic separation method coupled with direct bioautography assured that only the active components were isolated by means of overrun overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) with on-line detection and fractionation. Each of the 5 collected fractions represented one of the five antimicrobial essential oil components designated at the screening. The purity and the activity of the fractions were confirmed with chromatography coupled with various detection methods (UV, vanillin–sulphuric acid reagent, direct bioautography). The antibacterial components were identified with GC–MS as thymol, carvacrol, (−)-linalool, diethyl-phthalate, and α-terpineol. The oil component diethyl-phthalate is an artificial compound, used as a plasticizer or detergent base in the industry. Our results support that exploiting its flexibility and the possible hyphenations, OPLC is especially attractive for isolation of antimicrobial components from various matrixes.

     

Fatty Acid Composition of Tobacco Seed Oil and Synthesis of Alkyd Resin

The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids respectively. So the tobacco oil was characterized as semi-drying type on the basis of fatty acid composition. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by alcoholysis or monoglyceride process using an alkali refined tobacco seed oil, pentaerythritol, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride along with lithium hydroxide as catalyst. The alkyd resin so prepared was found to be bright and of low color with high gloss. The drying and hardness properties and adhesion of the tobacco seed oil derived alkyd resin were also found a bit superior to those of other alkyd resins of the same oil length. In addition, the water and acid resistance of the said alkyd was also found comparable to the other alkyds.     

Inhibition of α/β-K6P2W18O62·10H2O on the Activity of Mushroom Tyrosinase and Its Antimicrobial Effects

Dawson-type phosphotungstic polyoxometalate α/β-K₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂·10H₂O(P₂W₁₈) was synthesized and its inhibitory effect on the mushroom tyrosinase was investigated. It could inhibit diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase as an irreversible inhibitor. When the concentration of the enzyme reached 0.0176 mg/mL, the concentration of P₂W₁₈ leading to 50% activity lost(IC₅₀) was 0.05 mmol/L for monophenolase and 0.64 mmol/L for diphenolase. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of P₂W₁₈ was evaluated by zone of inhibition test. The results show that P₂W₁₈ possesses effective antimicrobial ability against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, yeast, especially Escherichia coli and yeast.     

Analysis of Essential Oil from Stems of Schisandra Chinensis（Turc z. ） Baill

The essential oil of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z. ) Baill was extracted and analyzed. The essential oilwas obtained in a 1.8% (mL/100 g material) yield. Forty eight compounds were isolated and characterizedfrom the oil. The results show that the content(20. 42%) of β-pinene of naturally essential oil is the highestamong the components of the oil, which has laid a foundation for the luther development and application ofthe stems of Schisandra Chinensis(Turc z. ) Baill.     

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Pyrazole–Indanone Hybrid Analogs

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry - A simple and efficient microwave-assisted protocol has been developed for the synthetic of a series of novel pyrazole–indanone hybrid analogs. The...     

GC–MS Analysis of the Essential Oils of Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum L.

A simple, rapid and solvent-free method based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) following microwave distillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction (MD–HS-SPME) was developed for the analysis of the essential oils in two traditional Chinese medicines, Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum L. Thirty compounds were separated and identified from P. nigrum L. The main components were β-caryophyllene (23.49%), 3-carene (22.20%), d-limonene (18.68%), β-pinene (8.92%) and α-pinene (4.03 %). Forty-five compounds were separated from P. longum L. and identified. The main components were β-caryophyllene (33.44%), 3-carene (7.58%), eugenol (7.39%), d-limonene (6.70%), zingiberene (6.68%) and cubenol (3.64%). To demonstrate its advantages, MD–HS-SPME was compared to conventional HS-SPME. With conventional HS-SPME, only 28 and 33 compounds were detected in P. nigrum L. and P. longum L, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values of MD–HS-SPME for the essential oils in P. nigrum L. under optimal conditions were less than 10%. The results show that microwave distillation has a high extract efficiency and good precision and can be used to compare similarities and differences of essential oils.     

Isolation of Four Major Compounds of γ-Oryzanol from Rice Bran Oil by Ionic Liquids Modified High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Antimicrobial Activity and Neuroprotective Effect of Cycloartenyl Ferulate In Vitro

Chromatographia - This study presents an effective high-speed countercurrent chromatography method of two-phase solvent system combined with ionic liquids for the isolation and purification of four...     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Ni(II) Complex

A new nickel(II) complex, C34H38N8NiO4, has been prepared and charac- terized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.715(5), b = 12.328(5), c =11.113(5) , β = 92.589(5)°, Z = 2, Dc = 1.411 g/cm3, μ = 0.658 mm-1, the final R = 0.0427 and wR = 0.1099 for 2229 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The complex is a centrosymmetric plane in which nickel(II) is coordinated in a regular octahedron to the ligand phenytoin through the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine, imine and amine. The complex was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method, and found to be active against the four test bacterial organisms. Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities showed that the title complex is quite active against standard strains of Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Eschierichia coli.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Ni(Ⅱ) Complex

A new nickel(Ⅱ) complex, C34H38N8NiO4, has been prepared and charac-terized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.715(5), b = 12.328(5), c =11.113(5) A, β= 92.589(5)°, Z = 2, Dc = 1.411 g/cm3, μ = 0.658 mm-1, the final R = 0.0427 and wR = 0.1099 for 2229 observed reflections with Ⅰ> 2σ(Ⅰ). The complex is a centrosymmetric plane in which nickel(Ⅱ) is coordinated in a regular octahedron to the ligand phenytoin through the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine, imine and amine. The complex was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method, and found to be active against the four test bacterial organisms. Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities showed that the title complex is quite active against standard strains of Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Eschierichia coli.     

Purification and in vitro Activity of an Antimicrobial Peptide from Skin of Rana Temporaria Chensinensis, David

In this study,an antimicrobial component(RTCI)was purified from the skin of Rana temporaria chensinensis,David.Antimicrobial activities of RTCI against clinical multi-drug resistant bacterial strains,including Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureaus,Klebsiella oxytoca,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus faecalis,and Proteus mirabilis were measured in vitro by means of minimal inhibitory concentration and time-kill studies.The results indicate that RTCI could inhibit the growth of these bacteria at a proper concentration and suggest that RTCI shows a better antimicrobial activity to Gram-negative bacterial strains than to Gram-positive bacterial strains.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Ni（Ⅱ） Complex

A new nickel（Ⅱ） complex, C34H38N8NiO4, has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 11.715（5）, b = 12.328（5）, c =11.113（5）A, β= 92.589（5）°, Z = 2, Dc = 1.411 g/cm^3,μ = 0.658 mml, the final R = 0.0427 and wR = 0.1099 for 2229 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The complex is a centrosymmetric plane in which nickel（Ⅱ） is coordinated in a regular octahedron to the ligand phenytoin through the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine, imine and amine. The complex was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method, and found to be active against the four test bacterial organisms. Preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities showed that the title complex is quite active against standard strains of Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus and Eschierichia coli.     

Convenient Synthesis of Some 4′-Methtylthio–Containing Aryl and Arylfuryl Pyrazolines and Their Antimicrobial Activity Studies

The condensation of 4-acetylthioanisole with different aryl and aryfuryl aldehydes under aldol conditions affords α, β-unsaturated ketones (propenones), which undergo a facile and clean cyclization with hydrazines to give pyrazolines (4–6) in quantitative yields. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed on the basis of spectral studies. All newly synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a New Ni(Ⅱ) Complex

The title complex [NiL]·H2O(C20H24N2NiO5,L = paeonol-ehylenediamine) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and characterized by IR,cyclic voltammetry and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The complex belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a=13.4361(13),b=7.3290(10),c=20.981(2),β=109.244°,V=1950.6(4)3,Z=4,F(000)=904,Dc=1.468 g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=1.029 mm-1,the final R=0.0588 and wR=0.1577.The complex exhibits antimicrobial activities(antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia codi) by agar diffusion measurement.     

Detection of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Compounds in the Essential Oil of Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk. Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography—Direct Bioautography and Gas Chromatography—Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - Schizonepeta annua (Pall.) Schischk. is an endemic annual plant from the Lamiaceae family and it has been employed to cure...     

LC–MS Analysis of the Essential Oils of Achillea millefolium and Achillea crithmifolia

The chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oils of Achillea millefolium and Achillea crithmifolia was analyzed by GC, GC–MS, ¹³C NMR and high resolution LC–MS. For the first time, the use of the combination of different chromatographic and spectral methods, primarily the advantage of LC-Orbitrap over standard methods, enabled the detection of azulenes and their progenitors, in minute quantities, in previously believed proazulene free Achillea taxon (A. crithmifolia). Furthermore, the LC-Orbitrap hyphenated method provided the means for detection of these and related non-volatile (GC-injector compared to water steam distillation) metabolites up to know unreported as essential oil constituents.     

Mechanism of the Antioxidant Activity and Structure–Activity Relationship of N-Monosubstituted Amino Acid Derivatives of Fullerene С60

Kinetics and Catalysis - The kinetic characteristics, mechanisms of activity, and relationship between the antioxidant activity and the molecular and supramolecular structure of fullerene C60 and...     

Studies on the Relationship Between the Structure and Anticonvulsant Activity of Cinnamamides and Their Analogs

On the basis of systematic modification of the structure of componds of antiepilepsirine type, more than 200 cinnamamides were synthesized and tested by animal assay (maximal electroshock seizure, MES). Pharmacological evaluation showed that the configuration and the substituents on the phenyl ring and the nitrogen of amides, and substituents on the double bond displayed an important effect on the anticonvulsant activity.For studying the effect of the modification of structure to anticonvulsant activity, Hansch approach was employed to study the QSAR among 38 cinnamamides, and Hopfinger' s MSA was employed to study the MSA-QSAR among 26 cinnamamides.