部花青染料与糖淀粉、羧甲基糖淀粉和环糊精包结络合的初步研究

对于糖淀粉(CMA)及环糊精(CD)与各种受物形成的包结络合物,其本质是非极性键合,即受物分子离开极性较大的体相,进入极性较小的宿主内穴,这种体相与内穴中极性的差异在很大程度上决定了宿主-受物包结络合物的稳定性.同时,宿主内穴所提供的低极性微环境也直接影响到内穴中受物的反应性.因此,对宿主内穴特性的研究是非常重要的.Bender曾通过脱酸反应速度的改变测得 CD 内穴的介电常数相当于二氧六环.我们也曾报道用     

疏水-亲脂作用对反应性的影响III:环糊精对碳氟表面活性剂的熵驱动包结以及亲脂作用对形成糖淀粉型包结物的贡献

用表面张力-浓度曲线法系统地研究了环糊精(CD)和羧甲基糖淀粉钠(Na-CMA)与H(CF2)12CO2K(1),Cl(CF2)nCH2CH2N^+(CH3)3I^-[n=8(3),10(5)]和相应的碳氢表面活性剂(2,4和6)的相互作用.由于几何尺寸的限制,碳氟表面活性剂不能与α-CD形成包结络合物,但3与β-CD形成的包结络合物的稳定性远大于相应的碳氢受物4、3与β-CD的相互作用是熵驱动过程,而C12H25N^+(CH3)3I^-(6)则是焓有利的.与具有"预组织化"内穴的CD不同,糖淀粉的包结是与大分子从线团到螺旋构象变化的协同过程,由于缺乏宿主-受物间的亲脂相互作用,Na-CMA不能与所有的碳氟受物形成包结络合物.     

超分子体系强的分子识别研究 23: 多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜 配合物与萘衍生 物的包结配位作用

用荧光光谱滴定法测定了单-[6-(二乙烯三胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(1)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(2)及其铜配合物(3,4)与一系列萘衍生物在磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.2,0.1mol.dm^-^3)中,25℃时形成超分子体系的稳定常数,并与母体β-环糊精的配位能力进行了比较。化学计量法表明,四种化学修饰β-环糊精与萘衍生物形成了1:1的超分子配合物。从尺寸适合、几何互补及多点识别等方面讨论了主体化合物对模型底物的分子选择性键合能力。结果表明,疏水相互作用、范德华力、静电相互作用及氢键等多种非共价键弱相互作用协同贡献于超分子配合物的形成,主-客体间的结构匹配在分子受体选择性键合底物形成超分子配合物中起重要作用。     

超分子体系强的分子识别研究 23: 多胺修饰β-环糊精及其铜 配合物与萘衍生 物的包结配位作用

用荧光光谱滴定法测定了单-[6-(二乙烯三胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(1)、单-[6-(三乙烯四胺)-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(2)及其铜配合物(3,4)与一系列萘衍生物在磷酸缓冲溶液(pH7.2,0.1mol.dm^-^3)中,25℃时形成超分子体系的稳定常数,并与母体β-环糊精的配位能力进行了比较。化学计量法表明,四种化学修饰β-环糊精与萘衍生物形成了1:1的超分子配合物。从尺寸适合、几何互补及多点识别等方面讨论了主体化合物对模型底物的分子选择性键合能力。结果表明,疏水相互作用、范德华力、静电相互作用及氢键等多种非共价键弱相互作用协同贡献于超分子配合物的形成,主-客体间的结构匹配在分子受体选择性键合底物形成超分子配合物中起重要作用。     

环糊精衍生物在液相有机合成中的应用

综述了环糊精(包括α-环糊精、β-环糊精和y-环糊精)衍生物在液相有机合成中的应用,主要包括其作为人工合成酶、超分子光学手性源、亲偶极体和微通道反应器在氧化、水解、还原、光催化异构化、1,3-偶极环加成等反应中的应用.其中环糊精衍生物作为人工合成酶应用最广,该催化剂中起催化作用的为环糊精衍生物的修饰基团.与环糊精母体相比,修饰基团的引入增加了环糊精分子中官能团的种类和数量,拓展了环糊精在液相有机合成中的应用,并提高了催化反应的催化活性和选择性.     

大分子链上悬挂功能基团尺寸对于糖淀粉螺旋内穴中受物反应性的影响

本文作者曾报导同时带有咪唑基, 羧基和羟基三种功能团的糖淀粉衍生物(CHA)能有效地催化N-十二烷基-3-乙酰氧基吡啶盐碘化物的水解, 并推断出反应系在螺旋端部进行, 如果受物的反应部位进入了螺旋内穴, 情况又为何呢? 本工作通过使用三种不同的受物, N-十二烷基-2-氯代吡啶盐碘化物(DCPI), N-十二烷基-3-乙酰氧基吡啶盐碘化物(DAPI)和对硝基苯酚月桂酸酯(PNPL)和改变糖淀粉链上悬挂功能团的尺寸来回答上述问题。     

大分子链上悬挂功能基团尺寸对于糖淀粉螺旋内穴中受物反应性的影响

本文作者曾报导同时带有咪唑基, 羧基和羟基三种功能团的糖淀粉衍生物(CHA)能有效地催化N-十二烷基-3-乙酰氧基吡啶盐碘化物的水解, 并推断出反应系在螺旋端部进行, 如果受物的反应部位进入了螺旋内穴, 情况又为何呢? 本工作通过使用三种不同的受物, N-十二烷基-2-氯代吡啶盐碘化物(DCPI), N-十二烷基-3-乙酰氧基吡啶盐碘化物(DAPI)和对硝基苯酚月桂酸酯(PNPL)和改变糖淀粉链上悬挂功能团的尺寸来回答上述问题。     

β-环糊精及其衍生物对脂肪族手性对映体及有机染料的分子识别研究

在25℃用荧光和紫外光谱滴定法分别测定了β-环糊精(β-CD)、2,3,6-三[氧-(2-羟基丙基)]-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)及2,3,6-三(甲氧基)-β-环糊精(MO-β-CD)与6种脂肪族手性客体和4种染料分子形成超分子配合物的稳定常数.结果表明,多种弱相互作用协同贡献于主-客体的包结配位过程.环糊精衍生物中取代基的疏水性和链长影响主体的配位能力,客体与环糊精间的尺寸适合及疏水相互作用决定其配合物的稳定性.在配位过程中,氢键作用也是影响主体环糊精键合行为的重要因素.     

竞争包结法研究印楝素与β-环糊精及其衍生物的选择键合

以酚酞作为光谱探针,采用紫外-可见光谱滴定法测定了β-环糊精(β-CD),单(6-脱氧-乙二胺)-β-环糊精(en-β-CD),单(6-脱氧-二乙基三胺)-β-环糊精(dien-β-CD),七(2,3,6-三-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(TM-β-CD),七(2,6-二-O-甲基)-β-环糊精(DM-β-CD),2-羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD) 在25 ℃时,pH=10.5缓冲液中与两种印楝素客体分子所形成超分子配合物的稳定常数.结果表明,多种弱相互作用力协同作用于环糊精的配位过程,主-客体间的尺寸匹配决定所形成配合物的稳定性,环糊精衍生物的取代基影响主体配位能力.6种环糊精主体化合物对印楝素客体分子的包合能力的大小为:HP-β-CD> en-β-CD≈dien-β-CD>β-CD> DM-β-CD≈TM-β-CD.对印楝素A和B给出相似的键合能力.     

萘酰氨修饰β-环糊精及其铜配合物对萘衍生物的分子识别

用荧光光谱滴定技术分别测定了β-环糊精(1)、单-[6-(1-萘酰氨基)-乙基氨基-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(2)、单-[6-(1-萘酰氨基)-二乙基二氨基-6-脱氧]-β-环糊精(3)及其相应的铜配合物(4、5)在25 ℃时，pH为7.20的缓冲溶液中与几种萘衍生物形成的超分子配合物的稳定常数。结果表明，化合物2、3与大部分β-萘衍生物形成超分子配合物的稳定性大于α-萘衍生物。铜键合修饰的环糊精4、5扩展了母体环糊精的键合能力，其中主体5与2-萘酚(2-NO)形成的稳定常数是母体环糊精的35倍,且引入铜(II)后，修饰环糊精的分子选择性提高。从主-客体的尺寸/形状匹配和多重识别等方面探讨了分子识别的机理。     

1H NMR study of the inclusion of Costa-type organocobalt(III) complexes in cyclodextrins

The inclusion behavior between Costa-type complexes and cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied by 1H NMR in aqueous solution. The results indicated that 1:1 inclusion complex was formed, in which the alkyl group of the guest was included in the cavity of CDs. The stability constants of the inclusion complexes were determined by the quantitative 1H NMR method. The effects on stability constants were discussed when various host and guest compounds were used.     

Molecular Recognition Studies on Modified Cyclodextrins

This account describes our research progress in recent years in the areas of the molecular recognition studies on modified cyclodextrins, including positively charged cyclodextrins, cyclodextrin derivatives with hydrophobic substituent, and dimeric cyclodextrins. Calorimetric titration and various spectrometric techniques were employed to determine the complex stability constants, as well as the thermodynamic parameters, for their inclusion complexation with diverse guest molecules. The results obtained have been discussed from the viewpoint of size/shape‐matching, induced‐fit, geometric compensation, and multiple recognition. Thermodynamically, the compensatory relationship between ΔH and TΔS was found to be exhibited in the inclusion complexation of modified cyclodextrin.     

超分子体系中的分子识别研究(Ⅻ)──环糊精及环糊精双核铜配合物对4-取代苯酚的分子识别

用分光光度滴定法在25.0℃时测定了不同pH值下α-,β-,γ-环糊精以及1mol/LNaOH水溶液中α-和β-环糊精双核铜配合物与4-取代苯酚形成超分子配合物的稳定常数.化学计量法表明,主体环糊精及环糊精双核铜配合物与客体4-取代苯酚形成了1：1的超分子配合物.从主-客体间的尺寸关系、pH值、多点识别和诱导契合作用等因素讨论了环糊精及环糊精双核铜配合物对客体4-取代苯酚的分子识别机制.结果表明,β-环糊精双核铜配合物对4-取代苯酚具有特殊的键合能力和分子选择性。     

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: solution and solid-state characterizations and their thermal stability

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have recently gained attention as a new class of drug in the therapeutic management of glaucoma. However, the application of eye drops is limited because of their chemical instability in aqueous solutions. To overcome such a problem, cyclodextrins (CDs) were introduced to form inclusion complexes. Three ACE inhibitors, namely, captopril, quinapril and fosinopril (FOS), were chosen and the effect of CDs on their thermal stability in aqueous solutions was investigated. All three drugs formed inclusion complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry with all three natural CDs and the FOS/γCD inclusion complex possessed the highest stability constant, resulting in thermal stability enhancement. Furthermore, the addition of antioxidants could greatly enhance the thermal stability of FOS in the presence of γCD in aqueous solutions. The inclusion complex formation of FOS/γCD was further examined by computational and experimental characterizations. All these characterization results confirmed that FOS and γCD formed a true inclusion complex that provided drug stabilization in the aqueous eye drop medium.

     

Study of inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin by cyclic voltammetry

The inclusion complexes of a series of organometallic compound-cyclodextrin and aromatic compound-cyclodextrin have been studied by cyclic voltammetry using glassy carbon electrode. The variations of peak potential and peak current are showed on cyclic voltammogram when the electroactive guest molecules are complexed by cyclodextrins. Dissociation constants of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have been calculated on the basis of this variation by both potential and current methods. According to the magnitude of dissociation constants the relationship between the stability of cyclodextrin inclusion complex and the degree of matching host molecule with guest molecule has been discussed.     

Supramolecular catalytic systems based on calixarenes and cyclodextrins

A number of supramolecular metal complex catalitic system based on cyclodextrins and calixarenes have been developed. Particular attention has been given to design of new metal complexes with molecular recognition abilities. Data on application catalytic systems based on receptor molecules capable to formation of inclusion “host-guest” complexes in hydroformylation and Wacker-oxidation are given. Influence of different factors on activity, stability, selectivity of metal complex supramolecular catalytic systems is discussed.     

Study on the supramolecular system of TAPP with cyclodextrins by polarography

The interaction of cyclodextrins with meso- Tetrakis (4-N-trimethylaminobenzyl) porphyrin (TAPP) in 0.1 mol l(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 20 degrees C) has been studied by polarography. The TAPP can form the 1:1 inclusion complex with Sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) and1:2 inclusion complexes with other four cyclodextrins. A new expression, which is used to calculate the inclusion constant for1:2 inclusion complex by polarography, has been educed and testified firstly in this paper. Furthermore, the inclusion abilities of different kinds of cyclodextrins are compared. The result shows the inclusion ability of anionic cyclodextrin SBE-beta-CD with cationic porphyrin TAPP is very strong. It suggests that the charge attraction between CDs and TAPP plays an important role in the inclusion procedure except for the hydrophobic effect. The inclusion formation of anionic cyclodextrins with drugs can increase released rate of drugs at high pH; therefore, the suparmolecular data for the controlled release of the drugs that owned the similar properties as hematoporphyrin have been offered by polarography in this paper.     

环糊精及其衍生物在手性识别中的应用

详细地论述了环糊精及其衍生物在手性识别中的应用,并对环糊精超分子体系手性识别中的进一步研究提供了依据。     

Host–Guest Interaction Study of Resveratrol With Natural and Modified Cyclodextrins

The aim of this work is to increase the stability and water solubility of resveratrol by complexation with different cyclodextrins. Furthermore, physical–chemical properties of each inclusion compound were investigated. Complexes of resveratrol with cyclodextrins both native (α, β, γ) and modified (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin) were obtained by using the suspension method. An inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin was also prepared by using the microwave. Solid state characterization of the products was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (DRX); solution studies were performed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Phase solubility profiles with all cyclodextrins employed were classified as A_N type, indicating the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Stability constants (K _c) from the phase solubility diagrams were calculated. Stability studies in the solid state and in solution were performed; the photodegradation by UV–Vis spectrophotometry was monitored. The isomerization rate trans to cis, in ethanol solution, decreased with inclusion. The dissolution studies revealed that resveratrol dissolution rate was improved by the formation of inclusion complexes.