氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量砷和汞

研究了用氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水中痕量坤和汞，此法是在盐酸介质中，以硼氢化钾作还原剂，将被测元素转化为挥发性氢化物，以高纯氩气作为载气将挥发性氢化物从母液中分离，并导入石英炉原子化器中原子化，以特种空心阴极灯作激发光源，激发被测元素原子发出荧光，荧光强度值在一定范围内与被测元素的浓度成正比。该法灵敏度高，精密度好，准确度高，砷和汞的检出限分别为0．0618和0．0158μg.L^-。     

痕量硒的流动注射,在线还原,氢化物发生原子吸收测定法

本实验采用了流动注射分析（ＦＩＡ）技术，使试样溶液中以不同氧化态存在的待测元素，在线还原为易生成氢化物的形式，用氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法直接测定硒的含量。在加热的管路中混合还原抑制剂不仅使待测元素在线还原为易生成氢化物的形式，又可抑制基体元素的干扰。生成的氢化物经我们自制的带雾化器的气液分离器分离后，进入原子化器。用本法分析地质标样的结果与推荐值能很好吻合，其检出限为１．０８×１０－１０ｇ／ｍＬ，相对标准偏差为１．４４％。     

一种新型的用于ICP-AES的氢化物元素和非氢化物元素同时分析的氢化物发生-雾化装置的研究

本文提出了一种新型的用于氢化物元素和非氢化物元素同时分析的氢化物发生-雾化装置。在装置中,用一个同心玻璃雾化器将待测的样品溶液雾化,细雾滴形成气溶胶,较大液滴被收集在一个玻璃槽中。硼氢化钾溶液用蠕动泵从玻璃槽底部送入,与收集的样品溶液混合并发生化学反应,产生挥发性的共价氢化物。生成的气态氢化物和样品气溶胶以及载气一起进入等离子体,因而可以进行氢化物元素和非氢化物元素的同时测定。砷、秘、锑、硒和蹄的检出限分别为0.0075, 0.0006, 0.008, 0.003, 0.002wg/ml。比传统的气动雾化方法得到的检出限好20-30倍,而对非氢化物元素,检出限可与双筒雾室雾化法相当。     

碱性体系在线氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定痕量铋

提出了一种碱性体系在线氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测定痕量铋的分析方法。设计了在线氢化物发生系统流路及操作程序，研究了碱性体系氢化物发生的各项最佳条件。方法操作简便快速，能有效地消除过渡元素的严重化学干扰。应用于黄铜标样中痕量铋的直接测定，获得满意结果。     

氢化物发生-高频电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析

一、前言氢化物发生-高频电感耦合等离子体(HY-ICP)发射光谱分析是在氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱分析(HY-AAS)的基础上发展起来的。它是使待测元素生成挥发的共价氢化物,然后将生成的氢化物引入ICP,测量其发射光谱。目前已有十种元素可以利用氢化物发生的方法进行测定,它们是砷、锑、硒、碲、铋、锗、锡、铅、铟和铊。这些元素在实际样品中的含量一般并不高,但起的作用却很大。例如上述一些痕量元素能影响钢的冶金性质。由于其中一些元素具有毒性或致癌作用,必须严格控制它们在     

还原气化-原子荧光光谱法快速测定绿色食品基地土壤中的砷与汞

应用还原气化-原子荧光光谱法，使待测元素与基体自动分离、富集，测定绿色食品基地土壤中的AS、HG。经对国家经土壤标准物质进行分析证明，该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点，用于绿色食品基地的审评检测，结果令人满意。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定高纯铟中As、Sb

研究了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定高纯铟中微量As、Sb元素的条件,选择了适宜的反应条件以及仪器的最佳工作条件,考察了铟基体对被测元素的干扰,采用基体匹配的方法消除干扰,建立了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定高纯铟中微量的As、Sb的分析方法。As、Sb的检出限分别为0.18和0.28 ng/mL,测定下限为1.2×10-5和1.9×10-5,相对标准偏差分别为1.9%和1.7%,回收率为97.4%和103%,适用于5～6 N高纯铟中微量As、Sb的测定。     

氢化物-原子荧光法测定粮食中的砷

研究了氢化物－原子荧光法测定粮食中砷的适宜条件,试验了酸介质和还原剂的用量对测定砷的影响,选择了仪器的最佳工作条件及氢化物发生条件,试验了生成氢化物元素及粮食中常见元素对测定的干扰情况。在测定条件下,砷的线性范围为０～８０μｇ／Ｌ,检出限为０．３μｇ／Ｌ。用该法测定了标准物质小麦粉及大米,结果与推荐值吻合。方法快速、准确,应用于进口粮食中砷的检测,获得满意结果     

氟化电热蒸发／电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱中的基体效应研究

本文系统研究了氟化电热蒸发／电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定难熔元素的基体效应。与常规气动雾化（ＰＮ）－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中的基体效应比较，氟化ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中的基体效应更小。对难熔基体元素，由于基体和待测元素与氟化剂之间的竞争反应，随着基体浓度的增加，待测元素谱线强度降低；对常见基体元素，由于热循环中基体与待测元素之间的选择挥发，对待测元素的蒸发和传输过程无明显影响     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法在金属材料痕量元素分析中的最新进展

综述了2007年以来氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法在金属材料中痕量元素分析方面的最新进展,重点介绍了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱分析法在测量As、Sb、Bi、Sn、Pb、Se、Ge、Te、Hg 9种痕量元素中的应用,并展望了该分析技术在未来的发展趋势。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

液滴荧光传感与计算机联用技术在微量分析中的应用

通过在LS55型荧光-磷光-发光分光光度计上加装液滴产生及调节附件,采用计算机采集与分析处理数据,成功地研制了双通道液滴光化学传感装置.利用葡聚糖凝胶对复合维生素B中不同组分的选择性吸附来达到分离与同时检测的目的,并将其用于复合维生素B药片的分析,取得了满意的结果.     

On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the fictitious mass parameter

The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-Lagrangian approach to ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using "heavy" ice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is not a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of a subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the necessarily coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 14 (2002)] has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling that remains once adiabatic decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the fictitious mass mu can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in CPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on those parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the masses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a similar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average magnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of BOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have suggested.     

From the Micro- to the Macro-: Managing the Conservation of the Warship,Vasa

Sweden's famous warship, Vasa, sank on her maiden voyage in August 1628, and remained on the bottom of Stockholm harbour for 333 years. Raised in 1961, she became the first large-scale wooden object to be treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). In the summer of 2000 a number of acidic salt precipitations were noticed on the surface of the ship and on wooden artefacts in the storerooms. An international research project has been established to look into the causes of this problem and suggest possible re-treatments. Meanwhile projects are underway to monitor movements in the ship, to build a better support system, and to replace the thousands of iron bolts holding the structure together, while a sophisticated new climate system has recently been installed in the museum.