电流变液在平行平板剪切下的动态响应

建立了用于测试电流变液在两平行平板间剪切时对外加高压阶跃电场的剪切应力响应的实验测试系统。此系统对剪切应力变化的时间分辨率可以达到10μs量级。利用此系统对基于沸石和硅油的电流变液的极化和退极化过程,电流变液在不同外加电场强度和不同剪切速率条件下的剪切应力上升和撤去电场时剪切应力的下降过程进行了研究。研究发现电流变液的剪切速率越高,其响应时间越短,随着外加电场的升高,响应时间略有增加。此实验结果与其他现有相关研究结果比较吻合。     

一种含电流变体智能悬臂梁结构振动性实验研究

制作了一种含电流变体材料的悬臂梁结构． 采用自由振动法测量了梁的阻尼特性, 结果表明, 随着外加电场强度的增加, 梁的对数衰减系数和阻尼比明显增加, 即振动衰减速度加快并很快达到静止状态．     

自组装硫醇分子膜电输运特性的导电原子力显微镜研究

在Au(111)表面自组装制备了不同链长的烷烃硫醇分子膜，并利用导电原子力显微镜研究了 自组装分子膜的输运特性随外加压力的变化.结果发现分子膜的电流随压力的增加而增大， 其变化特征可以较好地用Hertz模型描述.在相同压力和电压下，通过分子膜的电流随分子链 长的增加呈指数衰减，其衰减因子先随压力的增加而减小，后逐渐趋于稳定.此外，长链分 子自组装膜的电流随压力的变化比短链分子膜更为明显.分析表明，自组装硫醇分子膜输运 特征的压力依赖性主要源于电荷在分子膜中的链间隧穿过程. 关键词： 分子自组装 输运特性 原子力显微镜     

Ag,Au,K吸附在W(001)表面上的功函数随外加电场的变化

基于局域密度泛函理论和第一性原理赝势法,计算了Ag,Au,K在W(001)表面上吸附时的功函数随外加电场的变化关系.从计算结果可以看到,所有吸附系统的功函数变化与外加电场强度变化之间呈线性关系.通过比较系统功函数随外加电场强度变化的斜率的不同,可以推断Ag—W(001)的键合作用与Au—W(001)键合作用之间的细致差别,表明了Au—W(001)键合作用会略强于Ag—W(001)间的键 关键词： 功函数变化 外加电场 第一性原理计算     

外电场与微波交互作用下BaTiO3电流变液的透射特征

分别考虑了微波传播方向与电流变液颗粒链相垂直和平行的情况,对BaTiO3电流变液微波透射行为进行了实验研究。发现BaTiO3电流变液微波透射率可由外电场调控。在垂直的情形,当流体浓度较低时,透射率随电场强度增加而减小,并且随浓度增加电场调节微波透射率的变化幅度增加。浓度超过一定值时,透射率随电场出现由减小向增加的改变,存在透射率的极小点。在平行的情形,发现透射率随电场强度增加而减小。另外透射率随电场强度变化具有延时性,对于给定浓度的情形,电场强度增加延时性明显减小。     

一个含电流一智能悬臂梁结构振动性实验研究

制作了一种含电流变体材料的悬臂梁结构,采用自由振动法测量了梁的阻尼特性,结果表明,随着外加电场强度的增加,梁的对数衰减系数和阻尼明显增加,即劝衰减速度加快并很快达到静止状态。     

电流变液中的旋光现象

根据光波在介质中的传播理论，由麦克斯韦方程出发，对非均相结构电流变流导出在外电场与光场交互作用下旋光角ψ与入射线偏振光振动方向与外加电场方向间夹角θ及ζ（取决于电流变液材料本身及外加电场强度）的函数关系式。对不同浓度、不同场强下的SiO2电为液的旋光进行了测量，实验发现，同一场强作用下，旋光角ψ随浓度c的增大而增大；对于同一浓度，旋光角ψ随场强E增大而增大；在浓度c与场强E一定的情况下，旋光角ψ还随θ角而变化。实验结果与理论预测吻合较好。     

Ab Initio/有限场方法计算尿素分子的非线性光学极化率

用有限场（ＦＦ）方法在４－３１Ｇ＋２ｐ２ｄ水平上研究了外加电场强度对尿素分子的偶极矩,极化率,一阶超极化率,二阶超极化率的影响。计算发现,要获得上述性质的稳定计算结果,电场强度需确定在０．００１－０．００４ａ．ｕ．范围内。在此电强度范围内,与耦合微扰Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｒｋ（ＣＰＨＦ）法的计算结果符合较好,且可有效地利用二级微扰方法（ＭＰ２）进行电子相关计算。     

考虑质量效应的混合态中的vortex物质的Brownian运动

本文对包含质量效应的ｖｏｒｔｅｘ体系的动态特性进行了研究通过使用ＭＣＦＭ和Ｋｒａｍｅｒｅｓｅｓｃａｐｅ ｒａｔｅ方法，对包含钉扎作用的ｖｏｒｔｉｃｅｓ体系的 ｃｒｅｅｐ行为进行了研究发现在考虑了质量效应之后，ｖｏｔｔｉｃｅｓ体系的ｃｒｅｅｐ与通常的过阻尼状态下的结果很接近在没有使用任何钉扎势对外加电流的特殊依赖的情况下得到了非线性电流电压特性曲线．并且发现，ｖｏｒｔｉｃｅｓｃｒｅｅｐ的有效势垒高度随外加驱动力的非线性变化．同时发现随ｖｏｒｔｅｘ质量的增加，相应的ｃｒｅｅｐ速率减小．收稿日期：１９９…     

电光调制器

电光调制器许多电光调制器取决于两个非纷院光学效应中的一个：即泡克耳效应和克尔效应。在这两种现象中，光学材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度成比例。如果材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度成正比，则称它为泡克耳效应；如果材料折射率的变化与外加电场强度的平方成比例，...     

Compression Enhanced Shear Yield Stress of Electrorheological Fluid

Shear tests of an electrorheological fluid with pre-applied electric field and compression along the fleld direction are carried out. The results show that pre-compressions can increase the shear yield stress up to ten times. Under the same external electric field strength, a higher compressive strain corresponds to a larger shear yield stress enhancement but with slight current density decrease, which shows that the particle interaction potentials are not increased by compressions but the compression-induced chain aggregation dominates the shear yield stress improvement. This pre-compression technique might be useful for developing high performance flexible ER or magnetorheological couplings.     

Electrical field-driven ripening profiles of colloidal suspensions

Electrorheological(ER) fluid is a type of smart fluid whose shear yield stress relies on the external electrical field strength. The transition of ER fluid microstructure driven by the electrical field is the reason why viscosity changes.Experimentally, the transparent electrodes are used to investigate the column size distribution where an external electric field is applied to a colloidal suspension, i.e., ER fluid is increased. The coarsening profile of ER suspensions is strongly related to electrical field strength, but it is insensitive to particle size. In addition, in a low field range the shear stress corresponding to the mean column diameter is studied and they are found to satisfy a power law. However, this dependence is invalid when the field strength surpasses a threshold value.     

Dynamic strength behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass under shock loading

Dynamic strength behavior of Zr51Ti5Ni10Cu25Al9 bulk metallic glass(BMG) up to 66 GPa was investigated in a series of plate impact shock-release and shock-reload experiments.Particle velocity profiles measured at the sample/Li F window interface were used to estimate the shear stress,shear modulus,and yield stress in shocked BMG.Beyond confirming the previously reported strain-softening of shear stress during the shock loading process for BMGs,it is also shown that the softened Zr-BMG still has a high shear modulus and can support large yield stress when released or reloaded from the shocked state,and both the shear modulus and the yield stress appear as strain-hardening behaviors.The work provides a much clearer picture of the strength behavior of BMGs under shock loading,which is useful to comprehensively understand the plastic deformation mechanisms of BMGs.     

A universal criterion for plastic yielding of metallic glasses with a (T/Tg) 2/3 temperature dependence

Room temperature (TR) elastic constants and compressive yield strengths of approximately 30 metallic glasses reveal an average shear limit gammaC=0.0267+/-0.0020, where tauY=gamma CG is the maximum resolved shear stress at yielding, and G the shear modulus. The gammaC values for individual glasses are correlated with t=TR/Tg , and gamma C for a single glass follows the same correlation (vs t=T/Tg). A cooperative shear model, inspired by Frenkel's analysis of the shear strength of solids, is proposed. Using a scaling analysis leads to a universal law tauCT/G=gammaC0-gammaC1(t)2/3 for the flow stress at finite T where gammaC0=(0.036+/-0.002) and gammaC1=(0.016+/-0.002).     

酞菁钴/铁纳米填充母粒组成的磁流变液性能

采用有机／无机原位（ｉｎ ｓｉｔｕ）复合方法制备得出本菁钴／铁纳米填充母粒，与甲基硅油组成磁流变液（ＭＲＳ）。ＭＲＳ的附加动态剪切应力（△τ）与分散介质浓度、外加磁场强度呈正比例关系；剪切速率对△τ的影响表明磁致流变为链状结构特征；△τ的对温度不敏感；ＭＲＳ对外加磁场有可逆的开／关变化特征，无记忆效应，磁流变响应时间小于０．１ｓ。     

HL-2M 装置环向场线圈匝间绝缘工艺研究

HL-2M tokamak adopts the demountable toroidal field coils (TFCs) structure in order to assemble the vacuum vessel chamber and poloidal field coils (PFCs) integrally. TFCs are subjected to high shear force, which require high electrical performance and adhesive strength between the inter turn insulation and the copper plate. Baking and curing impregnated glass cloth and epoxy glass cloth under different pressure, then adhesive properties have been researched by shear tests. The results show that there are some differences in the adhesive properties between the turn to turn insulation and the copper plate under different structural combinations and different pressures. Appropriate structural combination and pressure of hot baking and curing were selected for TFCs.     

Effect of matrix yield properties on fragmentation behavior of single fiber composites

Experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to study the dependence of fiber fragmentation behavior on matrix yielding properties. The cured Epikote 828 resins with two types of curing agents have almost similar elastic moduli, but different tensile yield strengths. The interfacial chemistry between fiber and epoxy resin is unchanged due to the same constituent of the epoxy resin. The experimental results indicate that the fragmentation behavior of the fibers embedded in the matrix is significantly different for the tested glass fiber treated by γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The average fragment length decreased with increasing tensile yield strength of resin, which suggests that the interfacial shear strength determined in the fragmentation test should be different depending on the tensile yield strength of resin used. The important phenomenon observed is the transition of the micro-damage mode from matrix crack to interfacial debonding. An elastoplastic shear-lag model was used to calculate the shear stress and fiber tensile stress distributions considering different plastic behaviors of the matrices. The theoretical results indicate that the plastic behavior of the matrix has a large influence on stress transfer. Based on elastic and plastic properties of the matrix, the fiber fragmentation behavior in the matrix is predicted. Experimental and theoretical results are favorably compared.     

极性分子型电流变液导电机理研究

极性分子型电流变液是一种新型的电流变材料.其介电颗粒上吸附极性分子,极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场作用下发生取向是产生巨电流变效应的关键.通过对Ca—Ti—O(CTO)体系极性分子型电流变液电流密度的测量发现,其导电行为遵从Poole-Frenkel效应的规律,这是极性分子型电流变液的重要特征之一.而500 ℃处理过的CTO粉体不含极性分子,所配制的电流变液无巨电流变效应,其电流密度随外电场强度近似地呈线性关系,显示出传统电流变液特性.     

Describing small-scale structure in random media using pulse-echo ultrasound

A method for estimating structural properties of random media is described. The size, number density, and scattering strength of particles are estimated from an analysis of the radio frequency (rf) echo signal power spectrum. Simple correlation functions and the accurate scattering theory of Faran [J.J. Faran, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 23, 405-418 (1951)], which includes the effects of shear waves, were used separately to model backscatter from spherical particles and thereby describe the structures of the medium. These methods were tested using both glass sphere-in-agar and polystyrene sphere-in-agar scattering media. With the appropriate correlation function, it was possible to measure glass sphere diameters with an accuracy of 20%. It was not possible to accurately estimate the size of polystyrene spheres with the simple spherical and Gaussian correlation models examined because of a significant shear wave contribution. Using the Faran scattering theory for spheres, however, the accuracy for estimating diameters was improved to 10% for both glass and polystyrene scattering media. It was possible to estimate the product of the average scattering particle number density and the average scattering strength per particle, but with lower accuracy than the size estimates. The dependence of the measurement accuracy on the inclusion of shear waves, the wavelength of sound, and medium attenuation are considered, and the implications for describing the structure of biological soft tissues are discussed.     

Influence of coupling agent chain lengths on interfacial performances of polyarylacetylene resin and silica glass composites

The influence of chain lengths on interfacial performances of polyarylacetylene (PAA)/silica glass composites was studied. In order to obtain different chain lengths on substrates, methyltrimethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, octyltrimethoxysilane and dodecyltrimethoxysilane were grafted onto silica glass surface. Topographies of silica glass surface and the wetting ability of PAA resin on silica glass surface were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface free energy along with contact angles, respectively. At the same time, the interfacial adhesion was evaluated by shear strength testing. The failure mechanisms of composites were also analyzed by fracture morphologies. The results of the study indicate that with chain lengths of coupling agents on silica glass surface increasing, interfacial shear strengths of PAA/silica glass composites increase, while the wetting ability of PAA resin on silica glass surface decreases. The main mechanism for the improvement of the interfacial adhesion is physical entanglement interaction between the chain of coupling agent and the chain of PAA resin.