一类潜热型功能液固两相流体的定压比热研究

应用两相流与热物理理论，严格推导出一类潜热型功能液固两相流体的定压比热计算公式．     

虚拟流体方法的设计原则

研究模拟可压缩多介质流的虚拟流体方法,建立一般状态方程下定义虚拟流体状态的基本原则.根据波系结构和使用的自由变量分别推导虚拟流体状态的定义方式.结果表明在这些方式下求解多介质Riemann问题理论上完全精确.进一步总结几种简单有效的虚拟流体方法,这些定义方式不依赖于虚拟流体区域可能产生的波系结构.其中一种类似于反射边界条件,只是界面速度需要首先精确预测出来.数值算例验证了研究结果的合理性.     

声测井中的声压-速度有限差分方法

为了解决薄互储层的声测井问题,提出了声压-速度有限差分方法:用声压和速度矢量做为场变量,分别描述井内流体和井外弹性固体或双相介质。这样选择场变量的优点是:处理脉冲点源(或线源)与套网格技术相比简单得多;在内边界上的差分格式稳定,精度得到了改进;人为边界上的吸收效果较好。用柱坐标分别给出了井壁上流体与弹性固体、流体与双相介质的声压-速度边界条件,并用守恒积分方法处理了井壁上的边界条件。通过用声压-速度有限差分方法模拟弹性固体和双相介质地层的声场,证明了声压-速度有限差分方法的有效性。     

纳米流体研究的新动向

纳米流体近年来成为多个领域内的研究热点，特别是在流体物性测试、机理分析及新的应用上均取得长足进展．文章以该方向上最新完成的几类富有启发性的工作，如纳米流体热管、基于纳米液滴的纳米流体、纳米金属流体及借助于纳米颗粒控制纳米流体流动等进展予以剖析，归纳出了其中有待解决的一些重要科学问题，并指出一些可能的新应用。     

椭圆柱管管流泊肃叶公式的两种简明推导

应用广义柱坐标、牛顿粘滞定律和牛顿运动定律以及解边界条件下的连续性方程和纳维叶－斯托克斯方程，给出了椭圆管流泊肃叶公式的两种简明推导方法。     

应变纤锌矿GaN/AlxGa1-xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能的压力效应

考虑应变,在有效质量、有限高势垒近似下,变分研究了纤锌矿GaN/AlxGa1-xN柱形量子点中类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力、杂质位置及量子点结构参数(量子点高度、半径、Al含量)的变化关系．结果表明,类氢施主杂质态结合能随流体静压力增大而增大,且在量子点尺寸较小时,流体静压力对杂质态结合能的影响更为显著．受流体静压力的影响,杂质态结合能随量子点高度、半径的增加而单调减少,且变化趋势加剧;随Al含量增加而增大的趋势变缓．无论是否施加流体静压力,随着类氢施主杂质从量子点左界面沿材料生长方向移至右界面,杂质态结合能在量子点的右半部分存在一极大值．流体静压力使得极大值点向量子点中心偏移．     

可压缩与不可压缩流体中Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的比较

不设定流体状态方程的具体形式，仅假设等熵方程为压力是密度的单值函数，对比研究了可压缩与不可压缩流体的Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性小扰动阶段的增长速率，其中可压缩流体的状态方程为压力是密度的任意单值函数。研究表明：在相同的密度分布条件下，可压缩流体的界面扰动增长速率总是比相应的不可压缩流体的界面增长率大，其相对增长率D随扰动波长的增加而增大，也随两种介质的声速减少而增大，在长波和易压缩流体中，D值可达0．8以上。因此，在某些条件下，流体可压缩性对R-T不稳定性的影响是不能忽略的。     

黏性流体中超细长弹性杆的动力学不稳定性

基于坐标基矢摄动的方法研究了黏性流体中超细长弹性杆动力学稳定性判据与失稳后的模态选择,推导出了黏性介质中超细长弹性杆Kirchoff动力学方程的一阶摄动表示,即线性的二阶偏微分方程组.以平面扭转DNA环为例,说明了以上结果的应用,得到了平面扭转DNA环的稳定性判据及其稳定的临界区域,讨论了其失稳后的模态选择及黏性阻力对其的影响.     

一种角动量算符的简便推导方法

在量子力学教本中推导(L)2及(L)z的球坐标表达式一般都采用由直角坐标系到球坐标系的变量代换的方法,运算过程十分复杂,本文利用了球坐标系中坐标变量r、θ、ψ对正交基矢er、eθ、eψ微分性质,采用球坐标系直接进行推导,简化量子力学中关于角动量算符(L)2及(L)z的的推导.     

微重力条件下流体相变和临界现象

研究流体相变及临界现象对今后化学工程的发展有重大意义．由于各种具有临界点的体系在各自 临界点有一些共同的实验特征和极相似的临界现象，而流体的研究在实验上又有独特方便之处，所以可 作为普适性研究将理论及实验结果推广到固体．微重力条件下的流体相变及临界现象研究提供了十分 靠近临界点的最佳实验条件，本文介绍了这方面研究工作的物理意义及进展．     

Singularities in general relativity

The problem of singularities is examined from the stand-point of a local observer. A singularity is defined as a state with an infinite proper rest mass density. The approach consists of three steps: (i) The complete system of equations describing a non-symmetric motion of a perfect fluid under assumption of adiabatic thermodynamic processes and of no release of nuclear energy is reduced to six Einstein field equations and their four first integrals for six remaining unknown componentsgik. (ii) A differential relation for the behavior of the rest mass density is deduced. It shows that any inhomogeneity and anisotropy in the distribution and motion of a non-rotating ideal fluid accelerates collapse to a singularity which will be reached in a finite proper time. Collapse is also inevitable in a rotating fluid in the case of extremely high pressure when the relativistic limit of the equation of state must be applied. In the case of a lower or zero pressure the relation does not give an unambiguous answer if the matter is rotating. (iii) The influence of rotation on the motion of an incoherent matter is investigated. Some qualitative arguments are given for a possible existence of a narrow class of singularity-free solutions of Einstein equations. Assuming rotational symmetry the Einstein partial differential equations together with their first integrals are reduced to a system of simultaneous ordinary differential equations suitable for numerical integration. Without integrating this system the existence of the class of singularity-free solutions is confirmed and exactly delimited. These solutions, representing a new general relativistic effect, are, however, of no importance for the application in cosmology or astrophysics. It is proved that in all the other cases interesting from the point of view of application the occurrence of a point singularity in incoherent matter with a rotational symmetry is inevitable even if the rotation is present.Read on 15 May 1970 at the Gwatt Seminar on the Bearings of Topology upon General Relativity     

复合局域共振梁结构带隙研究

该文将周期局域共振梁结构中的基体结构由单一材料发展成多相材料,建立了周期复合局域共振梁结构。由共振单元在单胞中的排列位置,考虑了三种构型,并利用传递矩阵方法计算了在弹性基底作用下这些结构产生的局域共振带隙性质。结果表明,与局域共振梁结构相比,复合局域共振梁结构产生的局域共振带隙对应的频率范围更宽,禁带范围内弹性波的衰减峰值和衰减均值更高。除此之外,该文还分析了局域共振结构、单胞尺寸、基体材料和局域共振结构中的阻尼对弹性波在空间中传播和衰减特性的影响,为满足特定的隔声隔振要求的结构设计提供了依据。     

Thermodynamic properties of inhomogeneous fluids

A general method, the method of variation under extension, is presented for expressing the thermodynamic properties of an inhomogeneous fluid as functionals of the local number density, when given a density functional for the total thermodynamic grand potential of the fluid. The method is demonstrated in detail for the van der Waals square-gradient density functional and for the nonlocal density functional which arises in the theory of fluids with long-ranged pair potentials or in the mean-field theory of penetrable-sphere models. As specific examples, we consider the planar and spherical interface between two fluid phases, the line of contact of three fluid phases, the contact line between two surface phases and the planar interface between a solid and fluid.     

Can the definition of mechanical stress tensor be applied to a dielectric fluid in an electrostatic or magnetostatic field?

Summary It is proved that, for an uncharged and linear dielectric fluid at rest and in local equilibrium in an electrostatic or magnetostatic field, the definition of stress tensor employed in continuum mechanics is inconsistent with the assumption that the stress tensor depends only on the local values of mass density, temperature, electric- or magnetic-field components and the derivatives of these quantities with respect to space and time.     

Kaluza-Klein theory and Machian cosmology

We interpret the 15 equations of Kaluza-Klein gravity as 10 Einstein equations, 1 wave equation and 4 equations of motion. An exact cosmological solution of the apparently empty 5D field equations describes a 4D fluid with an effective density and pressure induced by the curvature associated with the fifth dimension. The rest mass of a particle in the fluid depends on the global solution and changes slowly with time. This approach to Kaluza-Klein theory in general results in Machian cosmologies.     

Classical unified fields: Physical space

We develop a general unified theory of classical mechanics and classical electromagnetism in a gravitational field on Friedman-Schöuten space-time (FSS). In this formalism (i) local equations of a charged fluid in an electromagnetic field are the same as in classical mechanics, (ii) local equations for a moving charged fluid are the same as in electromagnetism, (iii) the path of a charged particle under gravity and electromagnetism is a geodesic of the four-dimensional FSS, and (iv) the strong equivalence principle and a nonzero torsion coexist without conflict.     

The effect of the electromagnetic fields on the evolution of homogeneous cosmological models near the singularity

Homogeneous cosmological models of all Bianchi types with a general (nondiagonal) metric are considered near the singularity. The spaces are filled with an arbitrary sourceless six-component electromagnetic field (EMF) and a perfect fluid at rest. It is shown that in the general case the models of types VI₀, VII₀, VIII, and IX have an oscillatory regime. The models of all the other types have Kasner asymptotics. The main result of the present paper is the derivation of the law of rotation of the Kasner axes.     

An improved penalty immersed boundary method for fluid–flexible body interaction

An improved penalty immersed boundary (pIB) method has been proposed for simulation of fluid–flexible body interaction problems. In the proposed method, the fluid motion is defined on the Eulerian domain, while the solid motion is described by the Lagrangian variables. To account for the interaction, the flexible body is assumed to be composed of two parts: massive material points and massless material points, which are assumed to be linked closely by a stiff spring with damping. The massive material points are subjected to the elastic force of solid deformation but do not interact with the fluid directly, while the massless material points interact with the fluid by moving with the local fluid velocity. The flow solver and the solid solver are coupled in this framework and are developed separately by different methods. The fractional step method is adopted to solve the incompressible fluid motion on a staggered Cartesian grid, while the finite element method is developed to simulate the solid motion using an unstructured triangular mesh. The interaction force is just the restoring force of the stiff spring with damping, and is spread from the Lagrangian coordinates to the Eulerian grids by a smoothed approximation of the Dirac delta function. In the numerical simulations, we first validate the solid solver by using a vibrating circular ring in vacuum, and a second-order spatial accuracy is observed. Then both two- and three-dimensional simulations of fluid–flexible body interaction are carried out, including a circular disk in a linear shear flow, an elastic circular disk moving through a constricted channel, a spherical capsule in a linear shear flow, and a windsock in a uniform flow. The spatial accuracy is shown to be between first-order and second-order for both the fluid velocities and the solid positions. Comparisons between the numerical results and the theoretical solutions are also presented.     

可压缩多介质流体数值模拟中的Level-Set间断跟踪方法

针对可压缩多介质流体的数值模拟,发展了一种Level-Set间断追踪技术,用LS(Level-Set)函数追踪激波和捕捉界面,用Riemann问题解构造带状区域内的虚拟流体状态,对物理量的外推方法、间断附近虚拟流体的构造、间断推进速度的计算等问题进行了研究.最后对可压缩多介质流体一维和二维守恒律方程组进行数值模拟,数值计算采用通量重构的高精度WENO格式,计算结果令人满意.     

一种捕捉可压缩流体多重交汇界面的改进型LS方法

 在普通Level Set（LS）方法基础上，给出了一种捕捉多重交汇界面的改进型LS方法，该方法能够大大减小多重交汇界面之间因光滑而产生的空穴区域，而不影响多重交汇以外区域的界面位置。同时对改进算法进行了测试，并与可压缩流体耦合，给出了多介质流体多重交汇界面的计算结果。