质量四极矩场中的轨道进动效应

用参量化后牛顿(PPN)方法计算了质量四极矩对于试验物体轨道进动的影响,得到了在天体物体方面很有意义的优越标架效应和对几个PPN参量的限制. 关键词： 参量化 后牛顿 引力效应     

掺入Mg2+对CsNiCl3晶体的基态能级、零场分裂参量及Jahn-Teller效应的影响

应用不可约张量理论构造了三角对称晶场中3d²/3d^８态离子的45阶可完全对角化的微扰哈密顿矩阵，在考虑了以前工作中被忽略的自旋-自旋耦合作用的基础上计算了CsNiCl₃晶体和CsNiCl₃:Mg²⁺晶体的基态能级、晶体结构、零场分裂参量和Jahn-Teller效应，研究了掺入Mg²⁺对CsNiCl₃晶体的光谱、零场分裂参量及Jahn-Teller效应的影响和自旋单重态对基态能级的贡献，发现掺杂使得晶体结构产生畸变，从而改变晶体光谱的精细结构和零场分裂参量，不改变Jahn-Teller效应的分裂规律但改变分裂的大小. 关键词： 基态能级 掺杂 零场分裂 自旋-自旋耦合     

一般稳态时空中光子的轨道效应

计算了带有电荷和磁荷的旋转场源外部稳态时空中光子的轨道效应. 通过对计算结果的分析, 发现由荷电所引起的光子轨道偏转效应将减小由场源质量所引起的光子轨道偏转效应,但由场源的旋转所引起的相应偏转效应将依赖于场源的旋转方向与光子运动方向之间的夹角. 通过对相应的天体参数的讨论得到了一系列有意义的结果. 关键词： 光子轨道 引力效应 稳态时空     

掺Gd3+钼酸盐AMoO4 (A=Ca,Sr, Ba,Pb)自旋哈密顿参量的理论计算

采用基于单电子晶体场机制的对角化能量矩阵方法, 计算了Gd³⁺在钼酸盐AMoO₄ (A=Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb)晶体中的自旋哈密顿参量(g因子g_//, g_⊥和零场分裂b₂⁰, b₄⁰, b₄⁴, b₆⁰, b₆⁴). 矩阵中的晶体场参量采用重叠模型计算. 计算结果显示, 应用三个合理的可调参量[即重叠模型中的内禀参量A₂ (R₀), A₄ (R₀)和A₆ (R₀)], 计算的七个自旋哈密顿参量与实验结果符合甚好, 表明该方法可用于计算或解释Gd³⁺在晶体中的自旋哈密顿参量. 关键词： AMoO₄ (A=Ca,Sr,Ba,Pb):Gd³⁺晶体')" href="#">AMoO₄ (A=Ca,Sr,Ba,Pb):Gd³⁺晶体 自旋哈密顿参量 晶体场理论 对角化能量矩阵     

KCdF3:Cr3+晶体EPR零场分裂参量与电荷补偿效应的研究

按照叠加模型与EPR零场分裂参量的三阶微扰理论,建立了KCdF₃:Cr³⁺晶体EPR零场分裂参量与四角对称Cr³⁺-Cd²⁺缺陷中心局域结构之间的定量关系.证实Cd²⁺空位与晶格畸变的存在,我们获得:围绕Cr³⁺离子的六个F^-配体分别向中心Cr³⁺移动Δ₁=0.00294nm,Δ₂=0.0010nm,Δ₃=0.0028nm (参见图2).EPR零场分裂参量与实验一致表明:Cd²⁺空位与晶格畸变的假设是合理的.尽管四角晶场主要来自Cd²⁺空位,但晶格畸变的贡献不可忽略.     

Co2+离子在MgF2和ZnF2晶体中的各向异性g因子的理论研究

利用基于基团模型的3d⁷离子在斜方对称中的高阶微扰公式计算了MgF₂和ZnF₂晶体中Co²⁺杂质中心的各向异性g因子g_x，g_y和g_z. 在计算中，考虑了共价效应， 组态相互作用和斜方晶体场的贡献；而且与此相关的参量可由所研究的晶体的光谱和结构数据得到. 计算结果与实验符合较好.     

KCdF3晶体中Cr3+-Li+中心局域结构研究

利用零场分裂参量与晶体结构之间的定量关系,研究了双掺杂晶体KCdF₃:Cr³⁺,Li⁺的局域结构。指出,对于KCdF₃:Cr³⁺,Li⁺晶体,四角晶场的形成包含两个方面:(1)由于电荷补偿而产生的等效电荷形成的四角对称晶场;(2)Cr³⁺的局域结构发生晶格畸变而产生的四角对称晶场。事实上,当Cr³⁺和Li⁺掺入KCdF₃晶体时,Cr³⁺代替了Cd²⁺离子;由于Cr³⁺离子与Cd²⁺离子的半径不同、电荷不同、质量不同,导致Cr³⁺的局域结构发生晶格畸变,由此而产生四角对称晶场;由于电荷补偿,Li⁺离子取代了[001]方向与Cr³⁺离子邻近的Cd²⁺离子,由此产生的等效电荷而形成的四角晶场。这样,Cr³⁺的局域结构由O_h对称变为C_4v点对称。文中建立了ZFS参量和晶体结构之间的定量关系。在考虑晶格畸变和等效电荷的基础上,研究了KCdF₃:Cr³⁺,Li⁺晶体的ZFS参量,理论结果和实验符合很好。得到了F^-离子向中心离子分别移动为ΔR₁=0.00268nm,ΔR₂=0.001nm,ΔR₃=0.00165nm。     

有挠量子引力和无鬼de Sitter引力(Ⅱ)——SO(3,2)de Sitter引力的无鬼性

本文利用文献的结果审查了de Sitter引力的粒子内容,发现SO(3,2)de Sitter引力既不含鬼粒子,又不含快子。而SO(4,1)应被排除。SO(3,2)de Sitter理论的粒子内容为m=0,J^P=2⁺,1⁺两种正度规粒子,以及m=2^1/2L^-1(L为de Sitter伪球半径)、J^P=0⁺的正度规粒子。本文还在树图近似下研究了宇宙项所造成的Minkowski真空自发破缺。 关键词：     

三轴振动激励下悬挂座椅垂向传递率试验研究

针对三轴激励下无源空气弹簧悬挂座椅垂向振动传递特性进行了试验研究。其中,垂向激励幅值设置为0.25 m/s²r.m.s.、0.5 m/s² r.m.s.或1.0 m/s² r.m.s.,纵向和横向激励幅值同为0 m/s² r.m.s.、0.5 m/s² r.m.s.或1.0 m/s² r.m.s.;座椅靠背倾角设置为0°、10°或20°。研究表明,垂向和水平方向振动激励幅值的增加均引起悬挂座椅传递率共振频率的降低,并影响座椅有效幅值传递率;在较小幅值(0.25 m/s² r.m.s.)的垂向振动激励下,靠背倾角对该共振频率也有一定影响。此外,垂向和水平振动幅值对座椅传递率的影响存在轴间耦合效应,当垂向振动的幅值增大时,水平振动幅值从0.25 m/s² r.m.s.增大到1.0 m/s²r.m.s.所造成的传递率峰值的变化程度将减小,反之亦然。     

ZnS:Cr2+中局域晶格结构和自旋单态对零场分裂参量的贡献

在统一配体场耦合图像的基础上,构造了d⁴电子组态过渡金属离子在强场图像下包括所有自旋状态的210×210维完全能量矩阵.通过对角化完全能量矩阵,研究了Cr²⁺掺杂ZnS的局域晶格结构和Jahn-Teller能.理论计算结果与实验值符合非常好.同时,还研究了Cr²⁺掺杂ZnS后体系自旋单态对零场分裂参量的贡献.结果表明:自旋单态对二阶零场分裂参量D的贡献可以忽略,但是对于四阶零场分裂参量a和F的贡献却 关键词： 2+')" href="#">ZnS:Cr²⁺ 统一配体场耦合 自旋单态 Jahn-Teller能     

Circular orbits and relative strains in Schwarzschild space-time

The equation of the relative strain is analyzed in tetrad form with respect to a family of observers moving on spatially circular orbits, in the Schwarzschild space-time. We select a field of tetrads, which we term phase locking frames, and explicitly calculate how, in the equatorial plane, the orbital acceleration, its gradient and the Fermi drag add together to compensate the curvature and assure equilibrium among a set of comoving neighbouring particles. While equilibrium is achieved in the radial and azimuthal directions, in the direction orthogonal to the equatorial plane there is a residue of acceleration which pulls a particle towards that plane leading to a harmonic oscillation with a frequency equal to the proper frequency of the orbital revolution. This measurement, combined with those of the frequency shift of an incoming photon and the frequency of precession of the local compass of inertia, enables one to determine the relativistic ratio 2M/r, whereM is the gravitational mass of the source andr the coordinate radius of the circular orbits.     

Kinematics of Cherenkov’s effect with noninvariant velocity of light

The kinematics of Cherenkov’s effect is considered for an electron moving in the Minkowski space with universal time and velocity of light c = c ₀ (1 + v ²/c ₀²)^1/2, where c ₀ = 3⋅10 m/s is the invariant constant and v is the particle velocity. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 47–50, January, 2009.     

A Solvable Many-Body Problem in the Plane

Abstract

A solvable many-body problem in the plane is exhibited. It is characterized by rotation-invariant Newtonian (“acceleration equal force”) equations of motion, featuring one-body (“external”) and pair (“interparticle”) forces. The former depend quadratically on the velocity, and nonlinearly on the coordinate, of the moving particle. The latter depend linearly on the coordinate of the moving particle, and linearly respectively nonlinearly on the velocity respectively the coordinate of the other particle. The model contains 2n ² arbitrary coupling constants, n being the number of particles. The behaviour of the solutions is outlined; special cases in which the motion is confined (multiply periodic), or even completely periodic, are identified.     

On the measure of proper time in general relativity

The theoretical measure of proper time on a moving particle in general relativity is the aggregate of infinitesimal clock readings in successive inertial frames along its space-time path. This raises the question of whether the proper time can be satisfactorily measured by a clock permanently located with the particle. An investigation is made of the likely effects of acceleration, or equivalently of a gravitational field, on atomic, nuclear, and particle clocks. The orders of magnitude of such effects are compared with those of other classical influences such as the Einstein redshift and transverse Doppler effects.     

Drift theory of charged-particle motion for a strong electric field in a weakly relativistic approximation

Drift equations of motion are derived for a charged particle in the case of a strong electric field with allowance for relativistic effects of order v²/c². The role of these effects is discussed along with the effects of a high-frequency field. The cases of weak and strong electric fields are distinguished [2] in the drift theory of the motion of charged particles in weakly inhomogeneous magnetic and electric fields. In the case of a weak electric field, the electric-drift velocity is v_E v, where v is the characteristic velocity of the particle. For a strong electric field,v _Ev.The drift theory has now been reasonably well developed for the case of weak electric fields in the classical and relativistic cases, for the absence of high-frequency fields and for the presence of these [1–3], Extension of the theory to strong electric fields involves considerable mathematical difficulties, and this has been done only in the classical approximation with and without hf fields [2–4], Here we consider the drift theory of charged-particle motion for the case of a strong electric field in the weakly relativistic approximation, incorporating terms of order v²/c², where c is the velocity of light. Also hf fields may be present.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 7–9, September, 1981.     

Effect of radiation on hydromagnetic vertical channel flow

The effect of radiation on the combined free and forced convection flow of an electrical conducting viscous fluid through an open-ended vertical channel in slip flow regime and permeated by a constant magnetic field in transverse direction has been considered. The temperature on the walls has been supposed to vary linearly with distance. On the assumption of optically thin limit, the expressions for velocity, induced magnetic field, temperature, flow rate and the heat transfer coefficient due to thermal conduction are obtained and the influence of radiation on these solutions are shown either graphically or in tabulated forms.Notation x, y, z cartesian coordinates - v velocity - 2L distance between the channel walls - B ₀ applied magnetic field - B induced magnetic field - T temperature - p pressure - density - magnetic permeability - v kinematic coefficient of viscosity - conductivity of the fluid - g acceleration due to gravity - coefficient of volume expansion - thermal diffusivity of the fluid - c _p specific heat at constant pressure - q_R radiative heat flux - k absorption coefficient - e _b Plank function - T 0 reference temperature - N vertical temperature gradient - M= B₀L[/(v)]^1/2 Hartmann number - R _a=gNL⁴/(v) Rayleigh number - P_m = magnetic Prandtl number - 2d₁, 2d₂ thickness of the walls - ₁, ₂ conductivities of the walls     

Direction-Dependent Free Energy Singularity of the Antiferroelectric Asymmetric Six-Vertex Model

The transition from the ordered commensurate phase to the incommensurate Gaussian phase of the antiferroelectric asymmetric six-vertex model is investigated by keeping the temperature constant below the roughening point and varying the external fields (h, v). In the (h, v) plane, the phase boundary is approached along straight lines v = k h, where (h, v) measures the displacement from the phase boundary. It is found that the free energy singularity displays the exponent 3/2 typical of the Pokrovski–Talapov transition f const(h)^3/2 for any direction other than the tangential one. In the latter case f shows a discontinuity in the third derivative.     

非定域位势e-μr/r·e-μr′/r′·e-αR/R及e-μr/r·e-μr′/r′·e(-(β(r+r′))1/2·R))/R的Regge渐近行为

本文证明了两个物理上有兴趣的非定域位势e^-μr/r·e^-μr′/r′·e^-αR/R及e^-μr/r·e^-μr′/r′·e^{(-(β(r+r′))1/2·R)})/R的分波S矩阵元对动量变数k在除沿虚轴的割线(-∞i,0),(μi,∞i)的全平面,对角动量变数λ在右半平面Reλ>-1/2的半纯性和当k,λ分别趋于无穷大时的渐近性质。最后得到了Regge渐近行为。     

Plasma heating by a strong laser field with statistically distributed parameters

Summary The energy absorption rate by a classical homogeneous plasma irradiated by a strong fluctuating laser field via inverse bremsstrahlung is considered. A chaotic-field model is used and comparison is made with the fundamental model of a purely coherent field. In the present analysis, the emphasis is put on the interplay between the laser field statistics and the plasma electron energy distribution. Numerical calculations are concerned with the dependence of the energy absorption rates on laser intensity and frequency. Laser intensity values up to 4.6\10¹⁵ W/cm² are considered. The multiphoton structure of the energy absorption is analysed as well. Concerning the joint influence of the radiation and particle statistics on the absorption rate, the basic result may be stated as follows. For situations where the particle thermal velocityv _T is larger than the oscillatory velocityv ₀ imparted by the field (v _T ≥v ₀, relatively weak field), the absorption rate is only weakly dependent on the field statistics. For situations, instead, whenv ₀≫v _T , which occurs for very high intensities, the reverse becomes true: now the initial particle velocity distribution plays the modest role of a velocity spread of an electron beam oscillating atv ₀. In general, for very high intensities (v ₀≫v _T ), the energy absorption via bremsstrahlung becomes less effective because the high oscillatory velocityv ₀ reduces the time available to electrons for the interaction with the ions, the third body which makes possible the exchange for energy between electrons and a radiation field. We report also, for the first time, results on the Marcuse effect for the case of a chaotic laser field, along with calculations of the absorption rate for a directed electron beam.