外腔共振和频系统中阻抗匹配的理论研究

外腔共振是提高和频效率的有效方法. 实现外腔共振高效和频需要基频光高效地耦合到外部谐振腔中, 因此系统要达到阻抗匹配. 本文分别建立了双波长和单波长外腔共振和频系统的理论模型, 分析了腔增强因子与耦合腔镜反射率、入射基频光功率等参数的依赖关系, 通过数值模拟获得最优化的共振光耦合腔镜反射率, 使系统达到阻抗匹配, 提高和频效率. 研究表明, 无论双波长还是单波长外腔共振和频系统, 共振基频光的最佳耦合腔镜反射率只会随着另一束共振或者不共振的基频光入射功率的增加而减小, 而其本身的入射功率变化则影响较小; 进一步分析表明, 若共振基频光的耦合腔镜反射率超过阻抗匹配值, 和频光功率将会迅速减小, 而小于阻抗匹配值时, 和频光功率减少速度相对较慢, 因此实验过程中要尽量避免过耦合的情况出现. 本文的理论分析过程将对外腔和频实验有一定的指导意义.     

A frequency doubler for 200 GHz with a planar Schottky varactor

A frequency doubler for 200 GHz utilising a planar surface channel Schottky varactor was designed, constructed and tested. The doubler employes novel split-waveguide mount design with two sliding backshorts at both input and output waveguides. The theoretical maximum efficiency of the doubler is 44.0 % with input power level of 32 mW and the maximum output power is 16.5 mW with input power level of 50 mW. The measured maximum efficiency of the doubler was 7.1 % and the maximum output power was 2.6 mW     

平板型感应耦合等离子体源的线圈配置对功率耦合效率的影响

基于感应耦合等离子体的变压器模型，分析了感应耦合等离子体的功率耦合效率与线圈配置(几何尺寸、电学参量)及等离子体基本参量(等离子体电子密度、电子-中性粒子有效碰撞频率)之间的关系；然后，改变平板型线圈的匝数从而改变了线圈的几何尺寸、电学参量，并且测量出了不同的线圈所对应的功率耦合效率.实验结果表明，线圈的电感量是能否实现放电的决定性因素；而功率耦合效率则与感应线圈的Q值、放电参量(气压、功率)等密切相关，射频输入功率的增加、放电气压的上升都会导致感应耦合等离子体耦合效率的提高，这与感应耦合等离子体的变压器模型预测结果是符合的. 然而，变压器模型给出的提高线圈Q值可导致耦合效率增强的预测结果仅适用于同等电感量的线圈条件. 本文对于单线圈的感应耦合等离子体源的研究为线圈的优化设计甚至大面积的多线圈感应耦合等离子体源研制提供了理论依据. 关键词： 感应耦合等离子体 功率耦合效率 变压器模型     

激光二极管抽运的高输出单频稳频Nd∶YVO4激光器

研制了光纤耦合的激光二极管抽运的单频稳频Nd∶YVO4激光器。在输入抽运功率为 6W的情况下 ,获得 2W稳定单频红外输出 ,光光转换效率为 33 3% ,电光转换效率为 10 %。通过边带稳频系统将输出激光频率锁定在法布里珀罗共焦参考腔的中心频率上 ,频率稳定性优于 40 0kHz     

肖特基二极管整流的计算与测量

 提出了改进型的肖特基二极管整流数理模型,用加速迭代法和四阶精度龙格-库塔法编制了计算程序,并结合实验测量得到了整流效率与输入功率、频率和负载等关系曲线:负载一定时,输入功率从零开始增大,整流效率先快速上升,然后上升趋势变缓;输入功率一定时,负载从零开始增大,整流效率先增大后减小,对于某一固定的输入功率,存在着一个最佳负载值;当输入功率和负载都相同时,降低工作频率,整流效率上升。型号为2DV10B的X波段管子在负载为525 W、输入功率为10 mW、频率为3.2 GHz时获得的整流效率为75.2%;频率为10 GHz时获得50.2%的效率,实验测量结果与理论分析一致。     

长脉冲X波段多注相对论速调管放大器的初步实验研究

设计了工作在长脉冲的X波段同轴强流多注相对论速调管放大器, 对长脉冲强流多注电子束在多注器件结构中的传输、电子束经过输入腔和中间腔后的束流调制以及经过输出腔的微波提取等过程进行了实验研究, 采用了相应的设计措施以减轻实验中出现的脉冲缩短现象, 得到了初步的长脉冲实验结果. 在输入微波功率60 kW、频率9.378 GHz、电子束电压700 kV、束流4.2 kA、轴向引导磁感应强度1 T的条件下, 重频5Hz输出微波功率为670 MW, 脉宽89 ns, 效率为23%, 增益为40 dB, 输出微波频率与输入微波一致. 从实验上验证了几十千瓦级输入微波驱动X波段同轴多注RKA输出几百兆瓦长脉冲高功率微波的可行性, 为后续更高功率研究打下了基础.     

S波段磁绝缘线振荡器的数值模拟

 设计了一种阶梯阴极型S波段磁绝缘线振荡器,通过对其色散关系的研究,选择了合理的结构参数。通过对开放腔模型的分析,得到了磁绝缘线振荡器的谐振频率和有载品质因数。粒子模拟表明,在外加电压523 kV、束流49.7 kA时,微波输出功率4.35 GW,频率2.10 GHz,功率转换效率16.7%。     

X波段高功率高增益多注相对论速调管放大器设计

针对器件工程应用中的高功率高增益需求,设计了工作在X波段的高功率高增益多注相对论速调管放大器,建立了带输入、输出波导结构的三维整管模型。设计双边对称耦合孔输入腔结构,降低了输入波导对输入腔间隙电场均匀性的影响以抑制非均匀干扰模式;设计采用多腔多间隙群聚结构,降低了输入微波功率的需求,提高了器件放大增益;并且分析设计了多间隙扩展互作用微波提取结构,提高了器件的功率转换效率以及降低输出结构表面电场强度。通过优化设计,粒子模拟仿真实现X波段多注相对论速调管放大器输出微波功率达到3.2 GW,器件放大增益约为60 dB,功率转换效率约为40%。器件验证实验在电子束电压550 kV,电流5.1 kA的情况下,输出功率为0.99 GW,放大增益约为53 dB,转换效率约为35%。     

40～80 K温区高频脉冲管制冷机的实验研究

随着高频脉冲管制冷机性能的不断改善,特别是在红外和超导应用方面已进入实用化阶段,需要对蓄冷器和压缩机作进一步研究,探索高频脉冲管制冷机的工作机理,优化制冷机的整机设计.本文介绍了一台斯特林型高频单级脉冲管制冷机,经过优化设计,最低制冷温度达到了33 K,在40 K有420 mW的制冷量,当输入电功率为200 W时,在80K有4.5 W的制冷量.文中针对压缩机效率在40～80 K温区随工作频率变化的曲线关系,指出了制冷机和压缩机的耦合问题是研究脉冲管制冷机的重点与难点.并分析了制冷机内部各种阻力损失和热损失随压缩机运行频率变化的原因.     

1560 nm连续光半导体激光器经PPLN倍频及经铷吸收光谱稳频

将激光器锁定到合适的参考频率上,可以有效地改变激光器的频率稳定性。1560 nm的分布反馈式半导体激光器,可以通过倍频锁定于铷原子吸收线上。实验中我们利用PPLN准位相匹配晶体进行倍频,当输入光为1.6 W时可以获得25 mW的倍频光,非线性转换系数为0.96%/W。我们还将激光器的频率锁定于Rb原子的吸收线上,30 s内剩余频率起伏约为±3.5 MHz。     

用单块激光器和环形外腔获得稳定的532 nm激光

采用单块半非平面Nd:YAG单频环形激光器和环形外腔倍频技术，获得了单频功率249.5mW的532nm波长的绿光输出，倍频效率43.2%，实现了倍频腔与激光器之间的跟踪锁定，倍频光功率稳定性优于1％，理论计算与实验结果一致。     

高效频率转换下双波长外腔共振和频技术研究

基于外腔的高效频率转换, 尤其是当系统运行在抽运不消耗近似机理下, 信号光可实现大于90%的转换, 因此无法通过信号光直接获得其到腔模频率锁定的误差信号. 本文通过对信号光调制、和频光解调的方法获得了该误差信号, 实现了双波长激光到外腔腔模的级联锁定. 实验中外部环形腔将1.3 W的1064 nm抽运光放大到约14.3 W. 当1583 nm信号光从10 μW变化到50 mW, 其到636 nm和频光的转化效率约为73%; 当从50 mW变化到295 mW时, 转换效率呈线性降低到60%, 最终获得了440 mW的636 nm激光.     

强流相对论环形电子束自调制振荡研究

 主要研究了强流相对论环形电子束在等位谐振腔内的非线性自调制振荡，用小信号理论分析了电子起振的条件，得出了电子起振的扰动频率。基于该理论分析，又提出了一种不外加磁场的新型高功率微波器件，该器件主要由一个圆柱谐振腔和一个同轴波导输出腔构成。用2.5维MAGIC粒子模拟软件对该非线性过程进行数值模拟，分析了输入电压、电流对输出微波功率的影响。模拟结果表明这种结构中确实存在非线性不稳定性，自调制的扰动频率则由电子束的初始能量、电荷密度和电子束的半径以及谐振腔的空间结构给定。利用谐振腔长为4.7 cm、二极管电压为2.8 MV、电流为20 kA的电子束，可以得到频率为4.29 GHz、功率为6 GW的微波输出，束-波转换效率约为11%。     

Ultrasound-assisted regeneration of zeolite/water adsorption pair

The use of ultrasound to enhance the regeneration of zeolite 13X for efficient utilization of thermal energy was investigated as a substitute to conventional heating methods. The effects of ultrasonic power and frequency on the desorption of water from zeolite 13X were analyzed to optimize the desorption efficiency. To determine and justify the effectiveness of incorporating ultrasound from an energy-savings point of view, an approach of constant overall input power of 20 or 25 W was adopted. To measure the extent of the effectiveness of using ultrasound, the ultrasonic-power-to-total power ratios of 0.2, 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5 were investigated and the results compared with those of no-ultrasound (heat only) at the same total power. To analyze the effect of ultrasonic frequency, identical experiments were performed at three nominal ultrasonic frequencies of ~28, 40 and 80 kHz. The experimental results showed that using ultrasound enhances the regeneration of zeolite 13X at all the aforementioned power ratios and frequencies without increasing the total input power. With regard to energy consumption, the highest energy-savings power ratio (0.25) resulted in a 24% reduction in required input energy and with an increase in ultrasonic power, i.e. an increase in acoustic-to-total power ratio, the effectiveness of applying ultrasound decreased drastically. At a power ratio of 0.2, the time required for regeneration was reduced by 23.8% compared to the heat-only process under the same experimental conditions. In terms of ultrasonic frequency, lower frequencies resulted in higher efficiency and energy savings, and it was concluded that the effect of ultrasonic radiation becomes more significant at lower ultrasonic frequencies. The observed inverse proportionality between the frequency and ultrasound-assisted desorption enhancement suggests that acoustic dissipation is not a significant mechanism to enhance mass transfer, but rather other mechanisms must be considered.     

一种高效的2.45 GHz二极管阵列微波整流电路

采用4只HSMS 282肖特基二极管阵列,对大功率微波整流电路进行了研究。构造了基于微带线结构的2.45 GHz高效微波整流电路,将微波整流单元电路的输入功率提升到33 dBm。仿真和实验结果表明,在一定微波输入功率的条件下,整流电路在负载较大范围内变化时保持了高整流效率。通过在不同微波输入功率和负载下进行测量,发现当输入微波功率为27.0~31.7 dBm之间变化时,最高整流效率均达到了60%以上,当微波输入功率为30 dBm时,微波整流电路效率达到了63.3%。     

Boost up of four wave mixing signal in semiconductor optical amplifier for 40 Gb/s optical frequency conversion

The 40 Gb/s optical frequency converter for non-return to zero differential phase shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) signal by using four wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) have achieved sucessfully. The optimized signal-to-pump ratio for NRZ-DPSK by using optimized SOA structure with enhanced FWM effect is also evaluated. The optimum signal-to-pump ratio is 12 dB and 10 dB with Q factor penalty of 0.685 dB and 0.663 dB. The dependence of four wave mixing efficiency and converted signal power on signal input power is studied and it is evaluated that four wave mixing efficiency decreases with increase in the input power. The impact of pump power, signal-to-pump ratio, and SOA parameters with Q factor penalty for 40 Gb/s has been illustrated. It has shown that converted signal power increases up to the saturation power of semiconductor optical amplifier, then decreases. It is observed that for the optimum pump power, OSNR of converted signal varies little with signal input power.     

High-efficiency frequency doubling of continuous-wave laser light

We report on the observation of high-efficiency frequency doubling of 1550?nm continuous-wave laser light in a nonlinear cavity containing a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal (PPKTP). The fundamental field had a power of 1.10?W and was converted into 1.05?W at 775?nm, yielding a total external conversion efficiency of 95±1%. The latter value is based on the measured depletion of the fundamental field being consistent with the absolute values derived from numerical simulations. According to our model, the conversion efficiency achieved was limited by the nonperfect mode matching into the nonlinear cavity and by the nonperfect impedance matching for the maximum input power available. Our result shows that cavity-assisted frequency conversion based on PPKTP is well suited for low-decoherence frequency conversion of quantum states of light.     

圆波导TM_(01)-矩形波导TE_(10)模式转换器

设计了一种高功率圆波导TM01-矩形波导TE10模式转换器,可以实现圆波导TM01模式与矩形波导TE10模式之间的相互转换。仿真结果表明:中心频率为9.7GHz时该模式转换器转换效率大于99.99%,回波损耗小于-40dB,转换效率大于90%时的带宽大于0.4GHz。调节底面短路圆波导长度可以实现模式转换器在9.2~10.1GHz范围内调谐(模式转换效率大于99%)。在圆波导和耦合段连接处引入倒角可有效降低场强,提高功率容量,注入功率0.7GW,其表面场强小于1 MV/cm。     

圆波导TM01-矩形波导TE10模式转换器

设计了一种高功率圆波导TM01-矩形波导TM10模式转换器,可以实现圆波导TM01模式与矩形波导TM10模式之间的相互转换。仿真结果表明：中心频率为9.7 GHz时该模式转换器转换效率大于99.99%,回波损耗小于-40 dB,转换效率大于90%时的带宽大于0.4 GHz。调节底面短路圆波导长度可以实现模式转换器在9.2~10.1 GHz范围内调谐(模式转换效率大于99%)。在圆波导和耦合段连接处引入倒角可有效降低场强,提高功率容量,注入功率0.7 GW,其表面场强小于1 MV/cm。     

半整块外腔谐振倍频稳频MgO：LiNbO3激光器

报道了,用高功率LD泵浦的全固化单频稳频Nd:YVO4激光器作为泵浦源的外腔谐振倍频绿光激光器,倍频腔采用半整块腔型,倍频晶体为MgO:LiNbO3,当倍频腔前的基频光功率为1W时,得到最高绿光输出为500mW,倍频转换效率为50％,在锁定情况下,倍频腔的功率波动小于2％,频率稳定性优于500KHz。