二（2-乙基己基）磷酸络合萃取邻氨基苯酚的机理

在二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA）络合萃取邻氨基苯酚（OAP）实验中,研究了稀释剂种类、溶液的初始pH值等因素对OAP稀溶液分配比（D）的影响。溶液的初始pH值对萃取结果影响较大,当初始pH值在pKa1和pKa2之间时,分配比出现峰值;二（2-乙基己基）磷酸主要是通过离子缔合和质子交换来实现萃取的,而稀释剂则主要是物理萃取,在同一浓度下,二（2-乙基己基）磷酸的萃取能力随稀释剂的极性增大而提高,极性环境优于惰性稀释剂环境。红外光谱分析证明萃取过程存在离子交换和离子缔合反应。     

FTIR法研究络合萃取邻氨基苯酚萃合物的结构

利用红外光谱研究二（2-乙基己基）磷酸和磷酸三丁酯络合萃取邻氨基苯酚在不同情况下的反应机理。结果表明：二（2-乙基己基）磷酸主要与邻氨基苯酚的—NH2发生反应,与邻氨基苯酚的阳离子和中性分子络合。萃取过程存在离子交换和离子缔合两种机制,生成相同结构的萃合物;而磷酸三丁酯主要与邻氨基苯酚的—OH发生反应,与邻氨基苯酚的中性分子发生氢键缔合,生成相同结构的萃合物;两种情况下生成萃合物的结构都与pH无关。     

环烷酸-酸性磷酸酯-庚烷体系萃取有机相的红外光谱研究

将环烷酸(NA)与2-乙基己基磷酸单2-乙基己基酯(PC88A)混合,以浓KOH溶液皂化,研究了高皂化度(80％)油包水型微乳萃取钕过程的有机相的结构变化。通过红外光谱分析,发现萃取钕过程随着负载率增加,COOH伸缩振动吸收峰 、COO-的反对称峰及PO伸缩振动吸收峰的峰位均向低波数移动。结果表明：皂化NA和PC88A的混合体系萃钕过程,NA与PC88A存在相互作用;它们都与Nd3+作用,但PC88A作用较环烷酸完全,萃取有机相中,P—O—H伸缩振动吸收峰消失,还残留部分COOH没有完全转化为COO-;环烷酸、PC88A与钕之间形成的萃合物具有复杂结构。     

9,9-二-(3-丙基酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)芴共聚物的合成及荧光发光性能

利用迈克尔加成反应合成了2,7-二溴-9,9-二-(3-丙基酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)芴(FSO3H),并通过Suzuki偶合反应制备了9,9-二-(3-丙基酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)芴-9,9-二己基芴共聚物(PF6SO3H)和9,9-二-(3-丙基酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸)芴-4,4'-联苯共聚物(PFDBSO3H)。通过核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、紫外-可见吸收光谱对聚合物的结构进行了表征,利用荧光发射光谱对聚合物在各种条件下的荧光发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,上述两种磺酸型聚芴已被成功合成,这些聚合物具有较高的分子量并能够很好地溶于甲醇和水/醇混合溶剂中。荧光发光光谱研究表明:溶剂的极性、溶液的浓度和p H值、溶液中的金属离子都对磺酸型聚芴的发光性能有很大的影响。荧光发射光谱随着溶剂极性的增加逐渐红移。荧光强度随着溶液浓度的增加先增加后降低。当溶液p H从1增加到7.5时,荧光强度逐渐增加;当p H从7.5增加到12.5时,荧光强度降低直至猝灭。离子猝灭剂Mv+、Ag+、K+、Na+和Li+等对两种聚合物具有明显的猝灭效应,且对PF6SO3H的猝灭效应比对PFDBSO3H更强,这与磺酸型聚芴分子的刚性及离子的相互作用有关。     

二（2-乙基己基）磷酸对钼（VI）的萃取

裂变Mo（VI）的提取可分为两大步骤：Mo（VI）的粗分离和Mo（VI）的纯化。Mo（VI）的粗分离方法有很多。文中采用了二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA）溶剂萃取法，研究了D2EHPA在硝酸体系中对钼（VI）的萃取行为。     

Spectral Properties and Solubilization Location of 2'-Ethylhexyl 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)benzoate in Micelles

在阳离子、非离子和阴离子表面活性剂胶束溶液中,研究了4-(N,N-二甲氨基)苯甲酸2'-乙基己基酯(EHDMAB)的双重荧光和紫外吸收．当EHDMAB增溶在不同的胶束溶液中,紫外吸收增强,在离子型胶束溶液中,可观察到具有较长波长的EHDMAB分子内扭转电荷转移(TICT)荧光,相反,在非离子型胶束溶液中,可观察到具有较短波长TICT荧光,特别是位于阳离子胶束Stern层中的吡啶阳离子可强烈猝灭EHDMAB分子的双重荧光,所吸收的紫外辐射主要通过TICT荧光和非辐射去活化衰减．按照EHDMAB分子TICT荧光在有机溶剂中的极性依赖性,EHDMAB分子的4-(N,N-二甲氨基)在离子型胶束和非离子型胶束中处于不同的极性环境;根据EHDMAB和表面活性剂分子的结构和大小分析,EHDMAB分子的4-(N,N-二甲氨基)应朝向胶束的极性头基团,而2'-乙基己基链则朝向疏水性的胶束内核．动态荧光猝灭测量为EHDMAB分子在不同胶束中的位置进一步提供了佐证．     

PC-88A为载体的大块液膜体系迁移Pb(Ⅱ)动力学研究

采用2-乙基己基膦酸-2-乙基己基单酯(PC-88A)-CHCl₃大块液膜体系,研究了搅拌速度、载体浓度、反应体系温度对Pb离子迁移的影响,原子吸收光谱法测定料液相和解析相中Pb离子浓度,获得了不同反应温度下的表观反应速率常数、Pb离子在膜相中的最大值以及出现最大值的时间、Pb离子在萃取与反萃取反应中进入和流出液膜的最大通量、萃取与反萃取表观反应活化能分别为 31.65和23.11 kJ·mol-1。结果表明,实验值与理论值能够很好地吻合,Pb离子的迁移过程可以用两个串联的准一级不可逆过程描述,化学反应为控速步骤。     

2-(1,3,4-三氮唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸作为钴的络合滴定指示剂

研究了 2 - (1,3,4 -三氮唑偶氮 ) - 5 -二乙氨基苯甲酸作为络合滴定钴的指示剂的分析性能。结果表明 ,在 p H值为 6 .0的 HAc- Na Ac缓冲溶液中 ,加入 5滴指示剂 ,用 EDTA溶液滴定至终点溶液由紫红色变为亮橙色 ,终点极为敏锐 ,准确度高 ,结果令人满意。     

不同状态HDEHP和DMHPA的FTIR光谱研究

研究了纯二（２－乙基己基）磷酸（ＨＤＥＨＰ）和二（１－甲基庚基）磷酸（ＤＭＨＰＡ），微乳状液，固体钠盐及萃取稀土有机相的ＦＴＩＲ光谱，了解到萃取剂的微观结构由于烷基Ｒ的排列方式状态及共存在的不而有差异。     

苯乙烯与苯酚反应的前线轨道理论分析

采用密度泛函理论的M062X方法和6-311G(d,p)基组,对苯乙烯与苯酚的反应进行了分子轨道理论计算。通过讨论反应过程中各分子的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO),预测了化学反应的方向和相应的反应产物。经过前线轨道理论分析,得出苯乙烯与苯酚反应的关键步骤是形成苯乙烯基碳正离子,反应中H+起到催化作用;反应产物主要有4-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚、2,4-双-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚分子、2,4,6-三-(1-苯基乙基)苯酚(SP-3)、1,3-二苯基丁烯和4-(1,2-二苯丙基)苯酚。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.