铂电极BZ反应体系的系统动力学分析

在一定的条件下,将铂电极BZ化学反应的六变量高维动力学系约化为三变量体系,同时对该体系进行了全面的系统动力学分析.研究结果表明,通过改变耦合体系的外控参数条件,在将体相保持在均一稳定定态的参数范围内,电极反应相可能进入振荡区,而呈现出电极反应相与体相的动力学行为不一致性.进一步计算出体相处于非振荡状态时,电极反应相产生电化学振荡的外控参数区域.     

线性与周期扰动对BZ反应动力学行为的影响

The dynamical behavior taking on single periodic oscillation state in BZ reaction was measured experimentally as the system′s stoichiometric coefficient μ=1. The dynamical behaviors of the system under external linear and periodic perturbation were theoretical investigated. The results show that the system has an unstable region when perturbation varies linearly, and the system only takes on single periodic oscillation state in the region. But the states of the system take on 2np periodic oscillation and chaos under external periodic perturbation, and the dynamical behavior of the system changes from period-doubling into chaos. The theoretical results are also verified by numerical simulation studies.     

热补偿恒温控制条件下铂电极BZ反应体系中的电化学时间自组织——从极限环型电化学振荡到环面跳跃型非连续电化学振荡

在实验室的热补偿恒温控制条件下, 理论预测的等温恒电流(电压)电化学振荡实际上将发生变异. 用慢流型上准定态的线性化稳定性分析法全面分析了此类恒温控制条件下铂电极BZ反应系在以温度为慢变参数的慢流型上的准稳定性及绕温度轴慢变轨迹的动力学行为. 发现在温度围绕控制值上下往复波动的每一个周期内, 准定态点将穿梭跨越于振荡区与非振荡区之间, 表现为间隙性的沿温度轴的环面型电化学振荡. 计算机模拟结果证实了上述理论分析.     

铜电极阳极溶解过程恒电位电流振荡的动力学模型

研究了铜电极在酸性氯化钠溶液中的恒电位电流振荡行为,分析了电极过程中的非线性步骤及电化学耦合因素,提出了一个可能的电极过程动力学模型,并借助线性稳定性分析及分支分析得到了参数坐标空间中的动力学行为区域图。在此基础上,将极化曲线视为稳定非平衡定态区态函（电流）与外控参数（电位）的关系,同时将恒电位电流振荡模拟为稳定极限环振荡,分别计算出了极化曲线与时间－电流振荡曲线,其结果与实验数据相符,表明该类电     

对氨基苯甲酸BZ反应体系分区振荡行为的研究

分区振荡（也被称为双振荡，dual－frequencyoscillation）现象是封闭反应体系中发现的一种较为特殊的振荡现象，FKN机理[1]和OKN机理[2]都不能很好地解释这种振荡行为，Forsterling等曾提出了自由基控制机制[3,4]；Srivastava等则认为高、低频区均为溴控机制[5]．目前，这一问题还没有确切结论．本文报导了对氨基苯甲酸BZ反应体系中的分区振荡行为，并对分区振荡的机理作了一些探讨．1实验以对氨基苯甲酸－KBrO3－H2SO4的振荡反应作为研究体系，反应在带夹会的封闭玻璃反应器中进行，由恒温措恒温；自制Pt电极和216型Ag电极作x作电…     

光敏BZ振荡封闭体系振荡频率关系的研究

溴离子是振荡反应的抑制剂,其浓度减小的速率决定了振荡周期中自催化诱导期持续的时间,而振荡周期的总时长则取决于自催化诱导期,因此,溴离子能够影响体系振荡周期。而体系初始存在溴离子时,体系振荡频率与光强的动力学关系尚未研究。因此,在这项工作中,建立了Ru(bpy)₃²⁺催化Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)均相封闭体系,研究溴离子存在时,体系振荡频率与光强的动力学关系,探究BZ反应物浓度对体系振荡频率曲线的影响。研究发现,初始存在溴离子时,体系振荡频率与光强之间仍然存在非单调关系。反应溶液中初始溴化钠浓度对于各反应物调制“振荡频率-光强”的效应起到不同作用：随着NaBrO₃浓度和MA浓度增高,体系振荡频率整体上向高频区域移动;随着HNO₃浓度的增加,体系振荡频率先向低频区域移动再向高频区域移动;随着NaBr浓度的增加,体系振荡频率向低频区域移动。这一研究为非线性系统的基础研究提供理论参考。     

溴离子对BZ非催化振荡反应的影响

Br~-对Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)振荡反应起着控制作用。近来发现,一些有机物在被BrO_3~-氧化时,即使没有金属离子Ce~(3+),Mn~(2+),Fe(phen)_3~(2+),也可产生振荡反应,称为非催化BZ振荡反应。本文选择酪氨酸(Tyr)-BrO_3~--H_2SO_4 BZ振荡体系,对Br~-的影响作了系统的研究,对机理作了初步探索。     

电极基底的正反馈过程对Au／HCl电化学振荡行为的影响

当一针尖电极靠近一导电基底表面至间距与超微盘电直径相当时，针尖电极上的电化学反应产物能够有交地扩散到基底表面，并可能在其上发生电极反应使之复原为原反应物或生成其他有关物种，从而增大针尖电极上的电化学反应电流（对应于反应物种浓度）或影响该电极过程。本文将报道归扫描电化学显微技术中的这一正反馈作用对Ａｕ／ＨＣｌ体系的电化学振荡行为的影响。Ａｕ电极的阳极过程一般认为由下列两步构成。     

BZ反应系非理想性对化学振荡动力学区域的影响

基于Debye-Huckel强电解质溶液活度系数理论、反应速度的活化络合物理论以及三变量微分方程奇点理论,探讨了非理想性对BZ反应体系振荡动力学区域的影响。以Oregonator为模型建立了均匀体系非理想BZ反应的系统动力学方程,计算并绘制了化学振荡的临界"溴酸钠浓度-离子强度"阈值图谱,划分了不同的动力学区域,并进行了一系列实验研究,得到了与理论分析一致的结论.     

碳纳米管尺寸对电化学反应活性的影响

制备不同尺寸的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰电极,应用循环伏安法研究了相同管径、不同管长和相同管长、不同管径的多壁碳纳米管修饰电极在K3Fe(CN)6溶液中的电化学行为及其对尿酸、多巴胺等生物分子的电催化作用,以及尺寸效应对碳纳米管修饰电极电化学活性的影响规律.结果显示,在同一条件下,短管的MWNT比长管的更能有效促进K3Fe(CN)6的电子传递,更有利于对生物分子的电催化;管径对它的电化学行为及生物电催化活性影响较小,无明显规律.主要原因在于碳纳米管管端、管壁的不同电化学活性.     

Degeneration of Limit Cycle Oscillation in BZ Electrode Reaction System Controlled Externally

A dynamical model of electrode BZ reaction system was establisheed on the basis of three variables Oregonator model and kinetics of electrode process. Under weak periodical constraint approximation, dynamical stability of quasi steady state on the slow manifold of the system is analyzed by means of linearized stability analysis of three variable system. Meanwhile, the corresponding regime favorable for the appearance of limit cycle oscillation is calculated. Computer simulation shows that limit cycle oscillatory regime has degenerated because of the external periodical potential constraint in the electrode phase. In this regime the system behaves as a temporary self-organization. Whereas, outside this regime a kind of response oscillation appear, with same period as the constraint.     

电聚合L-半胱氨酸修饰电极的研制及其对L-酪氨酸的分析

研制了电聚合L-半胱氨酸修饰玻碳电极,采用循环伏安法研究了L-酪氨酸在此修饰电极上的电化学行为。利用线性扫描循环伏安法对L-酪氨酸进行定量分析,L-酪氨酸的线性范围为2.0×10^-8~2.0×10^-5 mol·L^-1,检出限为7.9×10^-10 mol·L^-1。结果表明,此修饰电极具有良好的选择性、重现性和稳定性,对L-酪氨酸的电催化性能良好,可用于人尿中L-酪氨酸的测定,回收率为98.3%~109.8%。     

Effect of microenvironment on the potentiostatic-current oscillation of iron electrode in sulfuric acid solution

Potentiostatic current oscillation of iron electrode in 0.5 mol/l sulfuric acid solution in half open microenvironment is studied. Results show that the microenvironment at the vicinity of the electrode has an important effect on current oscillation. The rate of mass transport of the Fe²⁺ and H⁺ can influence the oscillation period: the more difficult the migration of the Fe²⁺ and H⁺ ions, the longer the oscillation period. Digital holography is used to study the dynamic changes at the electrode/solution interface during current oscillation. This new method offers a new approach to studying the influence of mass transport on current oscillation. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 551–556. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Determination of Some Heavy-metal-ions Using a Sulfur Ion Modified BZ Oscillating System

The oscillating reaction as one important phenomenon of nonlinear chemistry has been a focus in recent years. Among all oscillating systems, Belousov-Zhabotinskii (BZ) oscillating system was first found and studied extensively. The mechanism of BZ oscilla…     

Kinetic analysis of the hydrogen oxidation reaction on Pt-black/Nafion electrode

The hydrogen oxidation reaction on Pt-black/Nafion electrode was investigated using a rotating disk electrode and cyclic voltammetry technique. The voltammetric results demonstrated that the electrode can be prepared with good reproducibility and that Pt-black particles without direct contact with Nafion were still electrochemically active in taking part in the H-adsorption/desorption process. For hydrogen oxidation, the limiting current density was reduced by the presence of Nafion coating. The H₂ diffusion resistance in Nafion film was avoided when the film thickness was less than 0.2 μm for a Pt-black loading of 20 μg. Moreover, the uncertainties in the kinetic results were discussed.     

Electrochemical behaviour of an indium electrode in concentrated KOH solutions at different temperatures

Summary The electrochemical behaviour of pure indium in KOH solutions (1–4M) was studied at different temperatures (25–70°C) by potentiostatic techniques. Two anodic peaks corresponding to the formation of In(OH)₃ and In₂O₃ were observed. The heights of the two peaks increased with the increase of alkali concentration. An increase of temperature increased the peak currents and shifted their corresponding potentials to more negative values. The variation of the peak currents and peak potentials with scan rate suggested that the anodic dissolution of indium was a diffusion controlled process. In cyclic voltammetry, the reverse scan consistently showed one peak which was attributed to the reduction of anodic oxidation products into indium. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of In(OH)₃ at the first anodic peak, In(OH)₃ and In₂O₃ at the second anodic peak and In₂O₃ in the permanent passive region.

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Zum elektrochemischen Verhalten einer Indium-Elektrode in konzentrierter Kalilauge bei verschiedenen Temperaturen

Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Verhalten von reinem Indium in 1 – 4M KOH-Lösungen bei Temperaturen zwischen 25 und 70°C mittels potentiostatischer Methoden untersucht. Zwei anodische Peaks, entsprechend der Bildung von In(OH)₃ und In₂O₃, traten auf. Die Höhe der beiden Peaks wurde mit zunehmender Alkalikonzentration gesteigert. Eine Temperaturerhöhung verstärkte die Peakströme und verschob die entsprechenden Potentiale zu negativeren Werten. Die Abhängigkeit der Peakströme und Peakpotentiale von der Scangeschwindigkeit legte den Schluß nahe, daß die anodische Lösung von Indium in einem diffusionskontrollierten Prozeß stattfindet. Bei der cyclischen Voltammetrie zeigte der reverse Scan einheitlich einen Peak, der der Reduktion der anodischen Oxidationsprodukte zu Indium zugeschrieben wurde. Röntgendiffraktionsanalyse bestätigte die Präsenz von In(OH)₃ beim ersten anodischen Peak, In(OH)₃ beim zweiten Peak und In₂O₃ im permanent passiven Bereich.

     

磺胺甲恶唑在二硫化钼纳米片修饰电极上的电化学行为

采用了研磨后超声和离心分离方法制备了二硫化钼纳米片,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同离心速度分离的二硫化钼纳米片进行了表征。使用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)在磺胺甲恶唑溶液中对二硫化钼纳米片修饰的玻碳电极进行了电化学行为研究。结果显示,磺胺甲恶唑在二硫化钼修饰电极的循环伏安图上有一对氧化还原峰。其峰电流值与扫描速度的平方根成正比,是扩散控制过程。DPV扫描结果显示,磺胺甲恶唑的峰电流与其浓度之间存在着明显的线性关系。研磨超声方法制备出的二硫化钼纳米片层材料在电极上能够加速电子的转移和传输,从而有效提高峰电流值,为进一步研制准确测定磺胺甲恶唑电化学传感器提供了一种可选择的材料和电化学分析方法。     

Electrochemical analysis of -penicillamine using a boron-doped diamond thin film electrode applied to flow injection system

The electroanalysis of -penicillamine in 0.1 phosphate buffer (pH 7) was studied at a boron-doped diamond thin film (BDD) electrode using cyclic voltammetry as a function of concentration of analyte and pH of analyte solution. Comparison experiments were performing using a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The BDD electrode exhibited a well-resolved and irreversible oxidation voltammogram, but the GC electrode provided only an ill-defined response. The BDD electrode provided a linear dynamic range from 0.5 to 10 mM and a detection limit of 25 μM (S/B≥3) in voltammetric measurement. It was also found that the peak potentials were decreased when the pH of the analyte solution was increased. In addition, penicillamine has been studied by hydrodynamic voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection using the BDD electrode. The flow injection analysis results at the diamond electrode indicated a linear dynamic range from 0.5 to 50 μM and a detection limit of 10 nM (S/N≈4). The proposed method was applied to determine -penicillamine in dosage form (capsules), the results obtained in the recovery study (255±2.50 mg per tablet) were comparable to those labeled (250 mg per tablet).