Ultra-narrow interval angular control signal for holographic data storage system

Optical Review - A precise and fast method for controlling the reference-beam angle of an angular-multiplexed holographic data storage system (HDSS)—to achieve larger capacity and faster...     

Technique for characterization of dimensional changes in slanted holographic gratings by monitoring the angular selectivity profile

A method has been developed for retrieving the complete angular selectivity profile of transmission holographic gratings in one step. The method is applied to study in real time the shrinkage and changes in the effective optical thickness of a slanted holographic grating recorded in an acrylamide-based photopolymer. It can form the basis of a holographic sensor of analytes that cause a thickness change in the holographic medium. It can also be useful for the study and optimization of holographic recording materials and for quality control during production of holographic optical elements.     

Experimental and theoretical evaluation of the efficiency of an off-axis volume holographic lens

The properties of a high-efficiency lens, fabricated in bleached photographic emulsion, are discussed. A symmetric off-axis configuration is adopted, and approximately uniform dielectric-constant modulation is achieved. The lens is tested using a probe beam of small diameter. Experimental results are presented for replay under on- and off-Bragg conditions, both in air and under index-matched conditions. 59±3% efficiency is achieved across the lens aperture. Variations in efficiency are attributed to rotation of fringe planes, and results are compared with local one-dimensional theory.     

Equivalence of the thin-grating decomposition and coupled-wave analysis of thick holographic gratings

The method of thin grating decomposition, which is derived entirely from thin-grating diffraction theory, is shown analytically to be equivalent to the coupled-wave solution of Maxwell's equations for a thick sinusoidal grating.     

Digital particle holographic system for measurements of spray field characteristics

A digital particle holographic system for measurements of spray fields is presented. A double exposure hologram recording system with a synchronization system for time control is established, resulting in digital holograms that can be quickly recorded. To process recorded holograms, the correlation coefficient method is used for focal plane determination of particles. To remove noise and improve the quality of holograms and reconstructed images, a Wiener filter is adopted. The two-threshold and image segmentation methods are used for binary image transformation. For particle pairing, the match probability method is adopted. The proposed system is applied to a spray field, and three-dimensional velocities and sizes of spray droplets are measured. Measurement results from the digital holographic system are compared to those made by laser instruments, which prove the feasibility of the proposed in-line digital particle holographic system as a good measurement tool for spray droplets.     

Improving the Born approximation for the scattering of ultrasound in elastic solids

It has recently been demonstrated that the Born approximation for predicting the scattering response of flaws can be improved through the use of simple modifications called the "doubly distorted Born approximation". In this paper the doubly distorted Born approximation itself is modified with phase and amplitude corrections that further improve the Born scattering results for isotropic elastic media. The reliability of this new modification of the Born approximation has been evaluated by comparison with the exact solution for spherical inclusions obtained with the method of separation of variables. Unlike the ordinary Born approximation which works well only for very weak scattering inclusions, our modification of the doubly distorted Born approximation gives improved scattering results for both weak and strong scattering inclusions.     

Triple differential cross section measurements for the electron impact ionization of helium: Comparison with a second Born approximation

Triple differential cross sections for the ionization of helium by electrons of 500 eV impact energy have been measured in a coplanar, asymmetric geometry and for energies of the ejected electrons of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 eV. A comparison is made between experimental data and a second Born treatment of Byron, Joachain and Piraux [1] for atomic hydrogen but for corresponding momenta of the incoming and the two outgoing electrons and for corresponding momentum transfer during the collision. The second Born describes quite well the shifts of the binary peak and the recoil peak to larger angles, the asymmetry of the recoil peak and the ratios of the intensities of binary to recoil peaks for different scattering parameters. — A quantitative estimate is made (for high impact energy) of the contributions to the total cross section of those ionizing collisions, in which the recoil peak intensity represents a considerable quantity. Probably most of these events can not be described by a single collision approximation.     

Born series in the theory of electron impact ionization of an atom

In this review, a generalization of few-body quantum scattering theory is given for the case of Coulomb interaction. Since in this specific case the scattering amplitude, which is a solution to a resolvent-type equation, possesses a singularity when the complex parameter z tends to the energy shell, a definition of the physical amplitude is provided. A recipe for regularizing integrals (eliminating divergences), which describe the terms of a perturbation theory series for different perturbing potentials, is formulated. As an example, the general theory is applied to the calculations of differential cross sections for a quasi-elastic electron impact ionization reaction on atomic hydrogen.     

Digital holographic interferometry based on wavelength and angular multiplexing for measuring the ternary diffusion

We present a novel method for dynamical measurement of the ternary diffusion by using digital holographic interferometry based on wavelength and angular multiplexing techniques. Two laser beams with different wavelengths (λ1=532 nm and λ2=473 nm) are used for the ternary diffusion measurement, and they are adjusted to make corresponding interference fringes in orthogonal directions on the CCD target. The orthogonal splitting of the fringes enables the spatial frequencies of each wavelength to be filtered separately in the Fourier spectrum of the hologram. Finally, they are reconstructed to obtain the molar concentration. This method is also suitable for two-phase diffusion measurement.     

Comparison between radiative transfer theory and the simplified spherical harmonics approximation for a semi-infinite geometry

In this study, the third-order simplified spherical harmonics equations (SP3), an approximation of the radiative transfer equation, are solved for a semi-infinite geometry considering the exact simplified spherical harmonics boundary conditions. The obtained Green's function is compared to radiative transfer calculations and the diffusion theory. In general, it is shown that the SP3 equations provide better results than the diffusion approximation in media with high absorption coefficient values but no improvement is found for small distances to the source.     

ICF系统中全息透镜聚焦特性及衍射效率分析

 根据全息透镜的工作原理，利用光线追迹法对其聚焦特性进行了理论分析。使用标量衍射法分析了全息透镜的衍射效率，讨论了不同的光栅槽型对其衍射效率的影响。对分析过程中所涉及到的有关近似处理方法的使用和影响进行了说明，讨论了全息透镜用作取样光栅的优点。     

ICF系统中全息透镜聚焦特性及衍射效率分析

根据全息透镜的工作原理,利用光线追迹法对其聚焦特性进行了理论分析。使用标量衍射法分析了全息透镜的衍射效率,讨论了不同的光栅槽型对其衍射效率的影响。对分析过程中所涉及到的有关近似处理方法的使用和影响进行了说明,讨论了全息透镜用作取样光栅的优点。     

Two-post-Newtonian approximation of the scalar-tensor theory with an intermediate-range force for general matter

Some future space missions measure distances of laser links and angles with unprecedented precision,allowing us to test theories of gravity up to the two-post-Newtonian(2PN)order.Besides,investigation of an intermediate-range force has been of considerable interests in gravitational experiments.Inspired by these ideas,within the framework of the scalar-tensor theory with an intermediaterange force,its 2PN approximation is obtained with Chandrasekhar’s approach.It includes the 2PN metric and equations of motion for general matter without specific equation of state.The conserved quantities to the 2PN order are isolated with the aid of the energy-momentum complex.We also discuss the prospect of testing and distinguishing the intermediate-range force with the orbital motions of celestial bodies and spacecrafts.     

逐级优化制定离轴三反射光学系统加工装调公差

逐级优化法是根据离轴三反射光学系统结构参数的像差灵敏度系数大小来确定主镜、次镜和第三反射镜的加工次序的。其方法是逐级优化确定各光学零件的加工公差,加工完成后测量光学元件结构参数,代入光学设计软件进行优化,进而确定光学系统的装调公差。采用该方法制定三反射系统的加工装调公差时将加工和设计过程有机的结合起来,在满足设计要求的前提下使系统的加工和装调公差得到最大程度地放松。     

Temporal diffraction characteristics of transmitted multilayer volume holographic grating illuminated by an ultrashort pulse

Based on the coupled wave theory of Kogelnik and Fourier optics, the time-domain diffraction characteristics of tramsmitted multilayer volume holographic grating (MVHG) under an ultrashort pulse readout are investigated. It is shown that the temporal diffraction characteristics depend not only on the numbers of the grating layers, but also on the thicknesses of the grating layers and buffer layers, grating period and the refractive index modulation. Furthermore, using group velocity dispersion we give explanation on the time-delay of diffraction pulse with respect to the center of the readout pulse. Results of our discussion may find applications in optical communications, pulse shaping and processing.     

一维光子晶体带隙结构对不同偏振态的角度和波长响应

用传输矩阵法计算了一维光子晶体带隙结构对不同偏振态入射光的角度和波长响应. 结果表明，对P偏振态，带隙的宽度明显小于S偏振态. 对于角度响应，两种偏振态有相同的变化趋势，但变化量不同. 而对于波长响应，两种偏振态表现出不同的变化趋势. 引入了“广义布儒斯特角”的概念. 理论分析表明，当光以此角射入光子晶体时，S偏振态入射光的禁带完全保留，而P偏振态入射光的禁带完全消失，从而可以在S偏振态入射光的禁带背景中用P偏振态入射光获得受主掺杂模式. 同时还给出了实验验证结果. 关键词： 体积全息图 光子晶体 偏振     

K-shell core-electron binding energies for phosphorus- and sulfur-containing molecules calculated by density functional theory

In this paper, 1s ionization energies for P- and S-containing molecules were calculated using energy-difference method by DFT. Using observed core-electron binding energies (CEBEs) as reference, we found that the Becke00x(xc) exchange-correlation functional (E_xc) is the best choice for CEBEs(P1s), with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.20 eV, and that the best choice for CEBEs(S1s) is E_xc = BmTau1, with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.22 eV. However, the best single functional for calculation of both P and S is E_xc = VS98, resulting in the weighted AAD of 0.43 eV. Our results are also showing that the quality of AAD changes slightly with the apparent orbital hybridization of the atom.     

Evidence that the Born approximation is unreliable for calculating transport coefficients of liquid metals

The validity of the Born approximation formula for the electrical resistivity of a liquid metal has recently been questioned by Greenfield. However, it has been suggested that Greenfield underestimated the volume dependence of the potential. We demonstrate that the influence of the volume dependence of the potential is indeed small, and we thus confirm Greenfield's conclusion that the Born approximation formula fails to give the correct temperature dependence of the resistivity. This failure is shown to occur both for the constant-pressure and for the constant-volume cases.     

Nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion-model-based examination of the scaling law for holographic data storage

For the first time to our knowledge, a detailed theoretical basis is provided for the well-known inverse-square scaling law of holographic diffraction, which states that replay diffraction efficiency eta = gamma/M2, where M is the number of gratings stored and gamma is a constant system parameter. This law is shown to hold for photopolymer recording media governed by the predictions of the nonlocal polymerization-driven diffusion model. On the basis of the analysis, we (i) propose a media inverse scaling law, (ii) relate gamma to photopolymer material parameters and the hologram geometry and replay conditions, and (iii) comment on the form and validity of the diffraction efficiency inverse-square scaling law for higher-diffraction-efficiency gratings.