黄金数与Fibonacci数列

本文用美学的观点研究了黄金数和与之有密切关系的Fibonacci数列,并给出了大量应用Fibonacci数列的例子,说明了它在优选法上的重要意义.     

A.Hulse,J.H.Taylor以脉冲双星PSR1913＋16的发现获1993年诺贝尔物理学奖

ＰＳＲ１９１３＋１６的发现为我们提供了一个理想的太空实验室。对它的研究使得我们第一次有机会了解强引力场的性质并与现存理论比较。它也提供了第一个对引力波存在的定量的证据。爱因斯坦的广义相对论完满地通过了这一系列实验检验。这一获得１９９３年诺贝尔物理学奖的重大成果也提供了一个基础研究与高、新技术结合，各基础研究领域相互渗透的典型例子。     

一个赤道太平洋西部边界潜流广义扰动机理的近似解法

研究了一类赤道太平洋西部边界潜流的摄动机理. 考虑了对应的广义控制方程. 首先引入了一个优化的同伦映射，利用相应的映射求得了原模型的近似解. 最后，通过一个例子说明了用同伦映射方法得到的近似解具有较好的精确度. 关键词： 潜流 摄动 近似解     

编织假设与杨—Baxter方程的解

提出一个由低维辫子群表示构造高维杨-Baxter方程解的假设. 考虑两个同为六顶角,但具有不同的畸变参数的辫子群表示,给出一个非平庸的高维R矩阵的例子支持这一假设. 这一高维R矩阵实际上是一个新的杨-Baxter方程解.     

SPS和RHIC的多粒子产生

用双源统计模型分别研究了158 A GeV Pb+Pb和s=130 A GeV Au+Au反应中的多粒子产生并与单源统计模型的结果进行了比较. 研究表明，前一个反应由内外两个源组成，内源小而热，外源大而较凉；后一个反应有一个高温且大体积的内源. 这个源的温度比SPS能量的内源至少高15MeV，体积至少大2倍. 文中给出了分析.     

Hamilton系统的Mei对称性、Noether对称性和Lie对称性

研究Hamilton系统的形式不变性即Mei对称性，给出其定义和确定方程.研究Hamilton系统的Mei对称性与Noether对称性、Lie对称性之间的关系，寻求系统的守恒量.给出一个例子说明本文结果的应用. 关键词： Hamilton系统 Mei对称性 Noether对称性 Lie对称性 守恒量     

软X射线激光探针诊断高Z材料等离子体

激光辐照靶产生的等离子体电子密度的诊断对于惯性约束聚变、高能量密度物理等相关领域的研究具有重要意义,特别是高Z材料等离子体临界面附近的电子密度分布信息的测量.利用软X射线激光作为探针是诊断等离子体电子密度分布的一种重要方法,但在诊断激光辐照高Z材料产生的等离子体研究中,遇到了高Z材料等离子体自发辐射过大的问题,难以开展.为此,针对软X射线激光的特点,发展了多种具体的实验技术.通过综合利用这些技术,大大的抑制了待测等离子体自发辐射对信号的影响,使得软X射线激光探针诊断高Z材料等离子体成为可能.作为典型例子,实验诊断了激光辐照金平面靶的等离子体,获得了清晰的实验图像,表明相关的技术是有效和可行的.     

高均匀度超导螺线管磁体设计中的优选法

本文介绍一种用“优选法”设计具有补偿线圈的高均匀度超导螺线管的方法,文中给出设计例子.该方法简便、快速,并可获得很高的均匀度。     

奇异系统Hamilton正则方程的Mei对称性、Noether对称性和Lie对称性

研究奇异系统Hamilton正则方程的形式不变性即Mei对称性，给出其定义、确定方程、限制方程和附加限制方程.研究奇异系统Hamilton正则方程的Mei对称性与Noether对称性、Lie对称性之间的关系，寻求系统的守恒量.给出一个例子说明结果的应用. 关键词： 奇异系统 Hamilton正则方程 约束 对称性 守恒量     

第三代同步辐射光源X射线相干性测量研究

随着高性能第三代同步辐射光源的建成开放,基于X射线相干特性的实验方法得到了快速发展和广泛应用.作为一个典型的例子,X射线相位衬度成像已经成为常规的X射线实验方法并向用户开放.相干散射、相干衍射成像、光子关联谱等X射线实验方法正日益受到重视,在高空间分辨、时间分辨等研究领域已显示出其独特的优越性.因此,研究和测量第三代同步辐射的空间相干特性对进一步发展这些新的实验方法具有重要意义.基于Talbot自成像原理成功测量了上海光源X射线成像线站发射的X射线的空间相干长度,并进而测得了相应光源的空间尺度.光子能量为33.2 keV时,测得的X射线光束垂直方向空间相干长度为8.84μm,对应的光源尺寸为23μm,测量结果与理论分析相符.     

一种远程HPM测量数据采集系统的设计与实现

为获取某型高功率微波辐射系统辐射至空中靶目标处(数十m至数百km处)的微波脉冲参数,基于某升空平台无线数传链路,设计了一种结构简单、紧凑的远程无线高功率微波辐射场测量数据采集系统。该系统具备运行状态动态指示、测量参数远程设置以及波形数据实时显示等功能,质量小于2 kg,瞬时动态范围大于15 dB。试验结果表明:测量系统具备高重频微波脉冲参数测量能力,能实时有效捕获辐射场微波波形,运行稳定可靠,可满足百km级距离上的空中辐射场测量需求。     

基于箍缩装置的高能量密度物理实验研究进展

基于脉冲功率技术的箍缩装置能够在cm空间尺度和百ns时间尺度产生极端的高温、高压、高密度以及强辐射环境。中物院流体物理研究所在已建成的10 MA级的大型箍缩装置上开展多种负载构型的高能量密度物理实验研究。利用Z箍缩动态黑腔创造出了惯性约束聚变研究所需的高温辐射场;研究了金属箔套筒和固体套筒的内爆动力学特性;利用中低Z材料内爆获得了可观的K壳层线辐射并用于X射线热-力学效应实验研究;磁驱动准等熵加载和冲击加载为材料动态特性研究提供了新的实验能力;采用环形二极管和反射三极管技术的轫致辐射源获得了高剂量（率）的X射线和γ射线;利用磁驱动的径向金属箔模拟了天体物理中恒星射流的形成及其辐射的产生。此外,还介绍了利用反场构型磁化靶聚变装置开展的预加热磁化等离子体靶形成等实验结果。     

高功率微波拍波辐射场高精度测量方法

在进行高功率微波(HPM)拍波辐射场测量时,由于常规测量系统中天线、衰减环节、检波器等器件是按照频率设计和进行指标测试的,当接收包含多个频率分量的拍波信号时,存在着难以判定和选择对应频率点技术指标的难题。并且由于检波器的非线性特性,单一检波器用于拍波信号测量时会产生新的拍频信号,该拍频信号叠加在检波电压包络上,使得检波电压包络振荡起伏,给测量带来较大的测量偏差。为解决上述问题,设计了基于频率分离测量和场强回推叠加的测量方法,可将拍波功率测量不确定度降低到0.3 dB以内,适用于HPM微波拍波辐射场高精度测量场合。     

Self-phase-matched high harmonic generation

Our theoretical analysis reveals that tunnel ionization significantly modifies the electric field of few-cycle laser pulses within a single oscillation period. This subcycle self-modulation is predicted to result in phase matching, making high harmonic generation in the x-ray regime possible for the first time. Such a radiation source opens novel possibilities in the investigation of matter with x-ray techniques, such as time resolved x-ray diffraction and absorption.     

Electromagnetic retarded interaction and symmetry violation of time reversal in high order stimulated radiation and absorption processes of light

It has been proved that when the retarded effect (or multiple moment effect) of radiation fields is taken into account, the high order stimulated radiation and stimulated absorption probabilities of light are not the same so that time reversal symmetry would be violated, though the Hamiltonian of electromagnetic interaction is still unchanged under time reversal. The reason to cause time reversal symmetry violation is that certain filial or partial transition processes of bound atoms are forbidden or cannot be achieved due to the law of energy conservation and the special states of atoms themselves. These restrictions would cause the symmetry violation of time reversal of other filial or partial transition processes which can be actualized really. The symmetry violation is also relative to the asymmetry of initial states of bound atoms before and after time reversal. For the electromagnetic interaction between non-bound atoms and radiation field, there is no such kind of symmetry violation of time reversal. In this way, the current formula on the parameters of stimulated radiation and absorption of light with time reversal symmetry should be revised. A more reliable foundation can be established for the theories of laser and nonlinear optics in which non-equilibrium processes are involved.     

聚焦区域高声强声场分布的测量方法研究

常用的声场分布测量是采用水听器扫描声场的方法,该方法对于声能量密度较大的声场难以测量,因为在这种情况下声振幅比较大,水听器在这种声场中呈现非线性或遭到破坏。设计了一种用辐射压力测量高声强声场分布的方法,该方法利用一根微细管,直接测量声场的冲流压力,通过对声场进行扫描测量可以得到高声强声场压力分布。从理论上分析了这种测量方法的可行性,对测量基本要求及实验装置做了阐述。实验结果证实:该方法可以用来测量高声能密度声场压力分布;测量结果与水听器测量结果基本吻合;测量方法存在测量盲区。     

A new type of high power composite ultrasonic transducer

A new type of high power composite ultrasonic transducer was proposed and studied. The composite transducer consists of a sandwich longitudinal piezoelectric transducer, an isotropic metal hollow cylinder with large radial dimension, and the front and back metal radiation mass. By means of its special structure and Poisson’s effect, the composite transducer can produce vibrations both in its longitudinal and radial directions, and therefore, it can radiate sound waves in three-dimensional space. The electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of the composite transducer was derived and the resonance frequency equation was obtained analytically. Numerical methods were used to simulate the vibration of the composite transducer, and the vibrational displacement distribution, the resonance frequency and the radiation sound field are given. Some composite transducers are designed and manufactured; their resonance frequencies and the radiation acoustic field are measured and compared with the analytical and numerical results. It can be seen that the measured frequencies and acoustic field contour are in good agreement with the analytical and numerical results. It is expected that this kind of composite ultrasonic transducer can be used in more and more power ultrasonic applications, such as ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic extraction, ultrasonic sonochemistry and other ultrasonic liquid processing, where high ultrasonic power and large ultrasonic processing space are needed increasingly.     

A novel design for high gain lens antennas with homogeneous media

A high gain lens antenna is designed by using a new transformation different from the discrete optical transformation. The antenna is composed of two blocks. Each block is made of homogenous and anisotropic materials, and thus can be easily achieved by metamaterial. The numerical results based on full wave simulation indicate that the antenna can be used to realize highly directive radiation beam, and the direction of radiation beam can be controlled artificially by changing the geometry parameters of the device. The electromagnetic field in the transformation region can be either stretched or compressed along both transverse and longitudinal directions by varying the geometry parameters in the virtual space while the distribution of electromagnetic field outside the antenna is little influenced. Moreover, effective medium theory is applied to realize such an antenna with isotropic materials. Also, the multi-beams antenna is investigated. It is indicated that this antenna can generate multi-collimated beams radiating at the desired angles.     

Nanolithography using high transmission nanoscale ridge aperture probe

Nanoscale ridge apertures provide a highly confined radiation spot with a high transmission efficiency when used in the near field approach. The radiation confinement and enhancement is due to the electric–magnetic field concentrated in the gap between the ridges. This paper reports the experimental demonstration of radiation enhancement using such antenna apertures and lithography of nanometer size structures. The process utilizes a NSOM (near field scanning optical microscopy) probe with a ridge aperture at the tip, and it combines the nonlinear two photon effect from femtosecond laser irradiation to achieve sub-diffraction limit lithography resolution.