帕金森氏病与血清中微量元素关系的研究

以人血清为材料，探讨了帕金森氏病与微量元素的关系。采集了６２例患者血清和３３例健康人血清，用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪进行测定，结果发现，患者组血清锌明显低于对照组、铜、锰低于对照组，还发现患者组轻、中、重分型病人血清铅有明显差异，上述结果提示微量元素可能在帕金森氏病的发生、发展和转归中起着重要的作用。     

On the regulation of the interaction of synthetic polymers with blood

The interaction of polymeric hydrogels containing immobilized trypsin and heparin with serum, blood and model solutions of serum proteins has been studied. It has been shown that these binary systems have high haemocompatibility due to specific fibrinogen binding by immobilized heparin and the subsequent lysis of bound substrate by immobilized protease. The lysis is accelerated in the presence of serum albumin and such materials may be regarded as biologically active ternary polymers.     

A novel method for specific visualisation of serum albumin in polyacrylamide gels by iodine staining.

Bovine serum, bovine serum albumins (delipidated or globulin free or Fraction V), rabbit serum, rabbit serum albumin, Atlantic salmon serum, purified Atlantic salmon serum albumin, human plasma alpha 2-macroglobulin, hemocyanin, trypsin inhibitor, bovine transferrin and bovine lactoferrin were examined by a novel method for specific visualisation of albumins. In native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the albumins were visualised by iodine staining as a transparent spot against a brown background whilst the other proteins could not be visualised. It is suggested that the brown background was due to penetration of the gel by iodine while the chemical binding of iodine by albumin produced a decolourisation reaction. This novel method provides a fast and simple approach to identifying serum albumin in polyacrylamide gels.     

5-Fluorouracil derivatives with serum protein binding potencies

To develop an optimal delivery system for 5-fluorouracil (5FU) using serum protein as a drug carrier, a series of its benzyl derivatives was synthesized. Then their binding to the serum protein was investigated by equilibrium dialysis. The benzyl derivatives of 5FU were strongly bound to rat plasma protein or human serum albumin. The bound percentage increased with increasing hydrophobicity. It was suggested that the benzyl derivative of 5FU existed in the blood as a complex with serum albumin and circulated for a long time as a polymeric drug does.     

Determination of natural levels of lithium and strontium in human blood serum by discrete injection and atomic emission spectrometry with a nitrous oxide—acetylene flame

A sensitive technique is described for the rapid, direct determination of normal levels of lithium and strontium in 100-μl samples of human blood serum without separation or preconcentration. Nitrous oxide—acetylene flame emission spectrometry, using conventional atomic absorption apparatus is used, with discrete sample injection. Lithium and strontium standards were prepared in 21% (v/v) glycerol which approximates the viscosity of serum. It is recommended that serum samples be analyzed by either calibration with artificial serum and glycerol standards or by immediate standard microaddition procedures. Results for pooled human serum indicate accuracy and precision of better than 6% at the 10 ng ml^-1 level. The method is free from nebulizer clogging and matrix interferences and should be useful as a routine clinical laboratory procedure.     

4.50—Polarographic investigation of conformational changes of human serum albumin: Part I. Unfolding of human serum albumin by urea

The mechanism of the unfolding of human serum albumin by urea was studied using d.c. polarography. It was found that this reaction is a complex process which cannot be described in terms of a two-state transition model. As well as the Brdi?ka catalytic current we have also studied the reduction current of disulfide groups in native and denatured human serum albumin. The number of cystine residues accessible for electrode reduction in native and denatured protein was calculated. On the basis of these results a scheme for the unfolding of human serum albumin by urea is proposed.     

MALDI-TOF质谱和电子光谱技术研究人血清铁蛋白释放铁的动力学

采用MALDI-TOF质谱技术研究血清混合蛋白质的组成,用电子光谱技术分析人血清铁蛋白(Serumferritin,SF)释放铁的动力学过程和规律.结果表明,在人血清中,以Na₂S₂O₄为电子供体时,SF释放铁的速率极快,无法采用常规分光光度法进行检测;以抗坏血酸为电子供体时,SF以一级反应动力学方式释放铁,认为人血清中其它蛋白质协助或参与调控铁蛋白进行快速释放铁反应,从而满足人体对铁的需求.     

A hollow fiber solvent microextraction approach to measure drug-protein binding.

A new direct method has been developed to determine protein-drug binding based on hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction. Hollow-fiber membrane solvent microextraction coupled with high-performance chromatography with UV detection was employed to evaluate the binding characteristics of drugs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and blood serum. It was found that the BSA and matrix in the blood serum did not interfere with the measurement. The method is simple and fast. It lacks the drawbacks of some conventional analytical techniques, such as taking much long time and requiring large volume sample consumption.     

Enzymatic determination of the major serum lipids with a common indicator reaction

Enzymatic, colorimetric assays for serum cholesterol, choline-containing phospholipids, and triglycerides were developed with the intent of being able to specifically determine these individual lipids after isolation of serum lipoproteins by a technology such as ultracentrifugation that is already developed, electrophoresis that is already available for cholesterol and awaits the other lipid stains, or chemical fractionation. Once the relative amounts of the lipids in each lipoprotein fraction are known, the absolute amounts in each separated fraction can then be calculated using the total serum concentrations. As a secondary purpose, the measurement and arithmetic summation of serum cholesterol, choline-containing phospholipids, and triglycerides concentrations appears to provide a close estimate of the major serum total lipids. This summation technique results in apparent lower serum total lipids values than are obtained by a conventional turbidimetric method. This bias appears to be due to a combination of overestimation by the turbidimetric method and underestimation by the summation technique. However, this summation technique appears to be able to provide more information for specific lipid measurements on chemical, ultracentrifugal, or electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins by revealing which lipid class(es) is/are present in an abnormal concentration. It could also prove useful in providing major total lipid information for nonspecific staining of electrophoretic zones where fat-soluble stains such as Sudan black B are presently used. In the latter case, cholesterol and triglycerides are already determined and only the choline-containing phospholipid assay is additional.     

Binding equilibrium of I- to serum albumin with resonance Rayleigh scattering

The binding equilibrium between l- and human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied by means of the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and equilibrium dialysis. It has been found for the first time that RRS and multiple frequency scattering (MFS) are enhanced as the l- binding to the HSA and BSA, but fluorescence quenches. The equilibrium dialysis results suggest that the binding of l- to HSA and BSA fits a phase-distribution model other than Scsitchard model, and that the order of magnitude of its phase-distribution constant was found to be 104. It is most probable that Cl~ or other anion ions influence the binding of P by changing the ionic strength in the solution. The dialysis at different pH indicates that the binding mechanism is due to the electrostatic forces between the T-and protonated basic amino-acid residues.     

血清六种微量元素与胃癌的相关性

为研究胃癌患者血清微量元素与胃癌的相关性 ,探讨其在胃癌诊断中的应用 ,取甘肃省武威市 2 0例胃癌患者血清作为胃癌组 (C组 ) ,3 0例当地健康志愿者血清作为对照组 (N组 ) ,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪 (ICP -AES)进行了 6种微量元素的测定 ,并将结果用SPSS软件作统计分析。结果表明 ,胃癌组血清微量元素值高于对照组的元素有Cu、Cu/Zn、Fe (P <0 0 1 ) :低于对照组的元素有Zn、Mn (P <0 0 5 )。经Logistic回归分析 ,进入方程的为Zn元素 (P<0 0 5 )。多种微量元素联合诊断胃癌的准确率为 87% ,误诊率为 8%。提示 ,甘肃省武威市胃癌患者血清中Cu、Cu/Zn、Fe的升高以及Zn、Mn的降低与胃癌的发生具有相关性。其中Zn与胃癌的发生关系最为密切 ,且Zn降低可能为胃癌发生的癌前因素。测定血清微量元素值可以作为早期诊断胃癌的一种工具。     

Application of on-column concentration of deproteinized serum to the HPLC-determination of anticonvulsants

Summary Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was investigated for the determination of anticonvulsants by direct injection of deproteinized serum. Octyl modified silica (RP-8) as stationary phase and phosphate buffer (0.1M pH=3.0) — butanol 92∶8 (v/v) as mobile phase was found suitable for the simultaneous determination of primidone, phenobarbital, carbamazepine and diphenyl hydantoine directly in deproteinized sera from patients. Anticonvulsants like sulthiam, phenyl ethyl malondiamide, ethyl methyl succinimide and the epoxide metabolite of carbamazepine cannot be determined in this way because of disturbance by the serum background. It is shown that the analytical column can be used for on-column concentration of anticonvulsants with 1 cm³ deproteinized serum. The technique proved to be suitable for the determination of phenytoine-3-norvaline in serum.     

Study of normal and modified nucleosides in serum by RP-HPLC

Summary Modified nucleosides derived predominantly from transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) have been studied as possible tumor markers. In this paper a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been applied to study 15 normal and modified nucleosides in serum. The nucleoside levels in normal human serum were established, and the concentrations of 15 nucleosides in serum from 19 cancer patients were determined. It was found that the concentrations of modified nucleosides were significantly higher in patient sera. Based on 15 nucleoside concentrations in serum, factor analysis could classify correctly 90% of cancer patients from the normal humans. Further work showed that urine was slightly better than serum when determining nucleosides as biological marker candidates. More work is ongoing to determine the clinical usefulness of modified nucleosides as tumor markers.     

食道癌患者血清铜／锌比值及血清硒含量的测定及临床意义

报道了３５例食道癌患者血清铜／锌比值及血清硒水平，结果发现食道癌患者血清铜／锌比值增加，血清硒水平下降，具有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．００１）；同时提示随着食道癌分期增加，铜／锌比值进一步增加，血硒水平进一步下降，但无统计学差异。上述结果对临床诊断及观察病情变化有一定意义。     

Influence of redox activation of NAMI-A on affinity to serum proteins: transferrin and albumin

Imidazolium trans-tetrachloridodimethylsulfoxideimidazoleruthenate(III), NAMI-A, is a ruthenium drug exhibiting unique properties under clinical studies such as ability to inhibit the process of metastases without exerting tumor toxicity. Its place of action is concentrated at the extracellular level, therefore, the transformation and fate of this drug upon injection is of great importance. This study focuses on evaluation of the reducing potency of blood stream on interaction with two serum proteins: albumin and transferrin. It was investigated by applying various simplified serum models preserving physiological concentration of proteins and the amount of Ru complex as found in patients. It was shown that ruthenation of albumin is slightly increased while transferrin decreased upon addition of reductant in blood stream (ascorbate, glutathione, and cysteine) at physiological concentration. Interestingly, in serum models comprising low-molecular-mass components the amount of the reductant in the solution had a pronounced effect on the Ru content, in particular in transferrin. Supplementation of serum models with glutathione at concentration enough for complete reduction of NAMI-A selectively enhanced the binding of Ru complex to transferrin while ruthenation of albumin was almost unchanged. Spectrofluorimetric studies revealed that reduction has a marginal effect on binding affinity, therefore, both Ru(III) and (II) derivatives equally can compete for binding to transferrin.     

Determination of Serum Albumin in Blood by Constant-Current Coulometry Using Electrochemically Generated Oxidizers

A method is developed for the determination of human serum albumin by constant-current coulometry using electrochemically generated oxidizers. It is found that human serum albumin interacts with electrochemically generated bromine and iodine at a ratio of 1 : 73 and 1 : 64, respectively. Milligrams of human serum albumin were determined in model solutions with RSD = 1–2%. A procedure is proposed for the determination of serum albumin in human blood.     

小儿癫痫与血清锌、铜关系探讨

探讨小儿癫痫与血清锌、铜的关系．结果表明：癫痫患儿与正常儿童比较，血清锌无显著性差异.血清铜有非常显著性差异癫痫类型中大发作及癫痫并智力低下儿童，缺锌明显.与正常儿童比较有显著性差异．提示治疗癫痫大发作及并智力低下患儿，在抗癫痫治疗同时,补充含锌制剂.     

Structural studies on sugar chains of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin from patients with alcoholic liver disease using lectin affinity electrophoresis

It is well-known that microheterogeneity of human serum transferrin observed in alcoholics manifests as sialic acid-deficient transferrin isoforms, otherwise known as carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT). A recent study demonstrated that serum CDT lacked one or both of the entire carbohydrate chains but the investigation required several troublesome procedures. The aim of the present study was to confirm the sugar chain structures of serum transferrin, and of serum CDT in particular, from patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) using conventional lectin affinity electrophoresis which might be useful in the clinical setting. The serum CDT obtained from ALD-patients was partially purified using an anion exchanger. Serum transferrin and the partially purified serum CDT were investigated by concanavalin A (Con A)- and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA)-affinity electrophoresis followed by antibody-affinity blotting and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with Western blotting. By Con A-affinity electrophoresis, serum CDT was separated into weakly reactive and nonreactive transferrins which showed slower electrophoretic mobilities than those from the healthy controls. Moreover, nearly all of the serum CDT was nonreactive with DSA. On SDS-PAGE, the molecular masses of serum CDT were estimated to be approximately 75 and 72 kDa, which corresponded to those of partially and completely deglycosylated transferrin obtained from the healthy controls (78 kDa), respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that the sugar chain structures of serum CDT from patients with ALD show not merely a loss of terminal sialic acids, but also the absence of asparagine-N-linked oligosaccharides.     

Some Problems of Ppontaneous Peroxidation of Proteins

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of spontaneous peroxy fragmentation of poly-peptide chains using human serum albumin as a model. The chain radical mechanism of this reaction hasbeen proposed. It has been shown that the chain process is initiated by the interaction of ionogenic peptidegroups with the dissolved oxygen.     

Association Constants in the Bovine Serum Albumin/Human Serum Albumin–Tween 20 System in Aqueous Solutions

The association constants in the bovine serum albumin/human serum albumin–Tween 20 system are determined in aqueous solutions at pH 3.5–8.0 by means of nonpolarized fluorescence and protein fluorescence quenching. It is found that the most efficient association of serum albumin molecules with Tween 20 micelles occurs at pH 5.0 near the isoelectric points of proteins.