2-氯烟酸绿色合成工艺

以烟酸为原料,经双氧水氧化制得N-氧化烟酸（2）; 2经氯化、水解并精制得2-氯烟酸,总收率76.8%,纯度≥99.5%,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证。     

4-氯-2-(2-硝基苯基)喹唑啉的合成

以邻氨基苯甲酰胺为原料,经酰化、环合和氯代反应合成了4-氯-2-(2-硝基苯基)喹唑啉,总收率49.6%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和ESI-MS确证。     

2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉的合成

以邻苯甲酰苯甲酸为原料,依次经氯代、酰胺化、Hofmann重排、成环及氯化共5步反应合成了2-氯-4-苯基喹唑啉,总收率20.8%,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证。     

铜催化α,β-不饱和羧酸与ICH2 CF3的脱羧偶联反应

铜催化下,以CH₃CN和HOAc为混合溶剂,α,β-不饱和羧酸与1,1,1-三氟-2-碘乙烷（ICH₂CF₃）发生脱羧偶联反应合成了一系列三氟乙基取代烯烃,其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HR-MS确证。¹⁹F NMR分析显示该反应具有优良的立体选择性（E/Z最高为99/1）,分离收率最高达82%。     

12,52-二羟基-15,55-二甲基-14,16,34,36,54,56,74,76-八硝基-2,4,6,8-四氧桥连-1,3,5,7（1,3）-杯[4]芳烃的合成

以1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯和3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯为起始原料,经环化、甲基化、硝化和去甲基化反应，合成了一种新型杯芳烃衍生物，其结构经¹H NMR，¹³C NMR，¹⁵N NMR和元素分析表征。      

1-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉酮-4-甲胺的合成研究

以环己酮为起始原料,经缩合、酰化及酸性水解反应制得2 乙酰基环己酮（1）;在三乙烯二胺催化下,1与氰基乙酰胺环化得四氢异喹啉酮（2）和四氢喹啉酮（3）混合物,在乙醇中回流并趁热过滤进行分离纯化得2和3; 2经催化加氢反应合成1-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢异喹啉酮-4-甲胺,3步总收率39.8%,其结构经¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、 ¹H-¹⁵N HMBC和MS确证。     

β-L-2’-脱氧胞苷的合成

β-L-2’-脱氧胞苷为重要的医药中间体。以2’-脱氧-L-核糖和胞嘧啶为起始原料，通过甲苷化、酯化、氯代、水解脱保护基等步骤，以49.7%的收率合成了β-L-2’-脱氧胞苷，HPLC纯度达99.9%。产物结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS确证。      

2-硝基苯并呋喃与邻巯基苯甲醛反应：一锅法合成硫代黄酮衍生物

通过一锅法反应实现了2-硝基苯并呋喃和邻巯基苯甲醛的去芳构化\[4+2\]环加成/亚硝酸消除/氧化过程，合成了一系列硫代黄酮衍生物，产物收率高达67%，化合物结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)确证。     

抗过敏药物盐酸松齐拉敏的合成

以2-氨基嘧啶、对甲氧基氯苄和N,N-二甲基-2-氯乙胺为原料,经两步N-烃基化反应合成了抗过敏药物盐酸松齐拉敏,总收率75.1%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证。     

达格列净呋喃环杂质的合成

以5-溴-2-氯-4′-乙氧基二苯甲烷为原料，与2,3-二-O-叔丁基二甲基硅基-5,6-O-异亚丙基-D-葡糖醛酸-1,4-内酯缩合后，再经还原、脱保护、酯化及水解反应合成了达格列净呋喃环杂质--(1S)-1,4-脱水-1-(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)-D-葡萄糖，总收率29.0%，纯度98.5%，其结构经¹H NMR，¹³C NMR， DEPT135，¹H-¹H COSY， HSQC， HMBC和MS(ESI)确证。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。