离子色谱法测定火腿中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

建立了离子色谱分离-电导检测法测定火腿中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析方法。样品经粉碎、溶剂沉淀除蛋白和固相萃取净化后,采用优化后的色谱条件测定。结果表明,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐浓度分别在0.02-0.5mg/L和0.2-5mg/L内具有良好的线性关系,方法回收率92.8-98.2%。该方法检测这两种离子测定简便,稳定,满足火腿中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的同时测定。     

离子色谱法测定水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立了离子色谱法测定水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法.试样溶液中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐在YSA-8阴离子色谱柱分离,以4 mmol.L-1碳酸钠-3 mmol.L-1碳酸氢钠为流动相,电导检测.亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.02 mg·L-1和0.11 mg·L-1,工作曲线的线性范围分别在0.2～20.0 mg·L-1和0.3～30.0 mg·L-1范围内.该方法已应用于水果中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的测定,测得回收率在93.4%～105.2%之间.     

紫外检测-离子色谱法测定食品中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

利用紫外检测－离子色谱法测定食品中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐，NO2－N、NO3^-－N的检出限分别为4和10μg/L；标准曲线方程分别为：A＝43.194c-0.0332(r=0.9998)和A=38.534c-0.3132(r=0.9997)。NO2^-－N和NO3^-－N的回收率分别为89％和92％。该方法适用于测定肉制品、奶粉、蔬菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐。     

离子色谱法同时测定叶菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐

采用抑制型离子色谱法同时测定叶菜中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量。色谱柱为Ionpac AS11柱，流动相为21mmol/L NaOH溶液，检测器为电导检测器（CD），流动相流速为1.0mL/min。该方法简便、快捷，准确度和灵敏度高，NO2^-和NO3^-的回收率分别为97％－105％和95％－104％，相对标准偏差RSD＜5．0％。同时考察了样品浸提时间对结果的影响。     

离子色谱法测定蔬菜中硝酸盐

应用离子色谱法代替原用的镉还原法(即国标法)测定了蔬菜中硝酸根。离子色谱法的应用使测定的选择性、准确性、精密度和速度得到改善。蔬菜样品经捣碎,用自制的活性碳柱脱色和用微孔膜过滤等步骤的预处理后所得溶液即可进行离子色谱测定。所用色谱柱为IonpacAS14A-3C阴离子分离柱,淋洗液为Na2CO3和NaHCO3的混合溶液,洗出液中的NO3-经转化为游离酸(HNO3)后用电导检出器测定其导电率。在量程为30μS和进样液(50μL)中NO3-浓度在1.0~32.5 mg.L-1的范围内,NO3-离子峰高的积分值与进样液中NO3-浓度之间呈线性关系。用含不同浓度NO3-离子的3种蔬菜按方法测定以检验其精密度,所求得RSD值(n=6)在0.7%~5.6%之间。经检验,方法的测定结果与镉还原法的结果之间无显著差异。     

膜渗透与离子色谱联用技术测定蔬菜中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

建立了膜渗析与离子色谱联用技术分析蔬菜等复杂基体中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法。蔬菜样品经沸水浴后,试样液通过膜渗析除去水溶性大分子杂质和颗粒,直接进入离子色谱分析。渗析池采用0.20μm的醋酸纤维为渗析膜,以水为接收液,分析柱为Metrosep A Supp4-250阴离子交换柱,以1.8mmol/L Na2CO3 1.7mmol/L NaHCO3为流动相,采用化学抑制电导检测。以20g称样计量,方法中NO2-、NO3-的检出限分别为0.075mg/kg和0.105mg/kg;实际样品的加标回收率分别为80.6%~98.7%和90.5%~114%;相对标准偏差(RSD)≤10%。本方法前处理简单,重现性好,准确度高。     

离子色谱法测定鱼粉中亚硝酸盐

提出了用离子色谱法测定鱼粉中亚硝酸盐的含量,鱼粉样品用热水(70～80℃)及氢氧化钠溶液处理.将溶液的酸度调节至pH为9,置于控温在70～80℃的水浴中加热15 min,冷却后,移入冰箱中冷却至0～4℃使脂肪凝固,用快速滤纸过滤,除去大部分脂肪、蛋白质和不溶残渣,所得滤液先后通过用C18小柱和On Guard Ⅱ Ag/H保护柱净化,流出液自动进样进行离子色谱测定.测定中采用Dionex Ion Pac AS11柱和不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作梯度淋洗,用抑制电导检测进行定量,测得的峰面积值与亚硝酸盐的质量浓度在0.01～20.0 mg·kg-1范围呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为2.68 μg·L-1.     

固相萃取-离子色谱法测定土壤中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐

提出了离子色谱法测定土壤中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的方法。土壤试样经水超声浸取,采用OnGuardⅡP和OnGuardⅡRP固相萃取柱净化,以AS11-HC为分析柱、AG11-HC为保护柱,萃取液中的NO2-和NO3-用15mmol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液洗脱分离,并用抑制电导检测器同时测定其含量。亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐质量浓度分别在0.01～1.00mg·L-1和0.10～10.0mg·L-1范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)分别为0.16,0.24μg·g-1。方法的加标回收率分别在85.0%～100%和93.5%～106%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)分别在2.9%～4.1%和2.2%～3.4%之间。     

离子色谱法检验血液中的亚硝酸盐

建立了使用离子色谱检验血液中亚硝酸盐含量的方法。血液样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白,过DionexOnGuardⅡRP,Ag/Na前处理柱后,经IonPacAS-19阴离子色谱柱分离,用KOH淋洗液自动发生器(EG)进行梯度淋洗,抑制器采用外加水模式,电导检测器检测。NO2-标准溶液的浓度在0.214～21.4mg/L时线性关系良好,线性方程为Y=0.0209X+0.5189,相关系数r2=0.9999,血中NO2-的检出限为0.39μg/L,回收率为96.5%～101.2%。检验方法快捷,操作简便,回收率高,重现性好,可满足案件需要。     

顶空进样-气相色谱法检测乳制品中硫氰酸盐的含量

建立了顶空进样气相色谱法测定乳制品中硫氰酸盐含量的方法。乳制品中硫氰酸盐用水提取,然后用乙酸锌溶液沉淀蛋白质,将提取液离心,取上清液加入氯胺T将硫氰酸离子衍生为氯化氰,顶空进样,经BP10(14%氰丙基苯基聚硅氧烷)气相色谱柱分离,电子捕获检测器(ECD)检测,外标法定量,同时对衍生剂用量、顶空加热时间和保温温度进行了优化。结果表明: 硫氰酸盐在0.005～0.1 mg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.997,定量限(以信噪比(S/N)≥10计)为0.1 mg/kg。在1.0、2.0、10.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下进行了回收率和精密度试验,加标回收率为90.0%～110.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=10)为4.98%～7.89%。该方法操作简便、快速、稳定性好,可用于乳制品中硫氰酸盐的测定,能满足日常检测要求。应用该法对市售的18种乳制品进行了检测,发现所测乳制品皆含有硫氰酸盐,含量大约在0.5～10 mg/kg。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中的双氰胺

建立了乳制品中双氰胺的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法。样品经乙腈提取后采用HPLC测定。优化后的色谱条件:XBridge Amide柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm),流动相为乙腈和水(体积比为90:10,含0.2%甲酸),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为218 nm。方法在0.5~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.9999,回收率在96.7%~101.0%之间,RSD为4.5%~4.9%(n=6),检出限为0.2 mg/kg(S/N=3),定量限为0.5 mg/kg(S/N=10)。该方法简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于各种乳制品中双氰胺的检测。     

柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定调制乳粉中左旋肉碱的含量

建立了柱前衍生-高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定乳制品中左旋肉碱含量的方法。试样经0.1 mol/L盐酸超声提取后,采用阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化,在三乙胺和氯甲酸丁酯的催化下与L-丙酰胺-β-萘胺发生取代反应,使用配有二极管阵列检测器(DAD)的高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量。该方法在0.250~50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性方程为y=164.4x-11.3,相关系数为0.9998,加标回收率为84.3%~86.0%,相对标准偏差为1.93%~3.18%。该方法的检出限为10 mg/kg,定量限为25 mg/kg。运用该方法对国内20个实际乳粉样品中的左旋肉碱含量进行测定,20个样品中均检出了左旋肉碱,含量为53~163 mg/kg。该方法快速、简便、准确,适用于乳品中左旋肉碱含量的检测。     

离子色谱法检验尸体心血中草甘膦

建立了离子色谱检测人血中草甘膦的方法。血液样品使用乙腈沉淀蛋白质,离心后取上清液过Dionex OnGuard II RP 柱和Dionex OnGuard IIAg柱后,经IonPac AS-19阴离子色谱柱(25 mm×4 mm)分离,用KOH淋洗液自动发生器(EG)进行梯度淋洗,抑制器采用外加水模式,电导检测器检测。结果表明,草甘膦在10～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r2=0.9999)。以信噪比(S/N)为3确定方法检出限为0.12 mg/L,以S/N=10确定方法定量限为0.39 mg/L;方法回收率为95.2%～109.1%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.2%～3.7%,检测实发案件中死者心血中草甘膦质量浓度为508 mg/L。该方法操作简便,结果准确,适用于血中草甘膦的定量检测,能快速为案件的侦破提供可靠的线索和依据,可满足公安工作的需要。     

Determination of ephedrine and related compounds in pharmaceutical preparations by ion chromatography with direct conductivity detection

An ion chromatographic method with conductivity detection for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and norephedrine was developed. A mixture of 2.0 mmol/L HNO3 and 2% (v/v) acetonitrile was used as eluent. The three ephedrine-like compounds were separated and determined within 20 min. The linear ranges were 0.08-50 microg/mL for ephedrine, 0.08-40 microg/mL for pseudoephedrine and 0.06-40 microg/mL for norephedrine. The detection limits were 0.03 microg/mL for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, and 0.02 microg/mL for norephedrine. The method has been applied successfully to the determination of these sympathomimetics in pharmaceutical preparations and in Ephedra herbs.     

Analysis of phytosterols and phytostanols in enriched dairy products by Fast gas chromatography with mass spectrometry

A Fast gas chromatography and mass spectrometry method for plant sterols/stanols analysis was developed, using a short capillary gas chromatography column (10 m × 0.1 mm internal diameter × 0.1 μm film thickness) coated with 5% diphenyl‐polysiloxane. A silylated mixture of the main plant sterols/stanols standards (β‐sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, campestanol, sitostanol) was well separated in 1.5 min, with a good peak resolution (>1.4, determined on a critical chromatographic peak pair (β‐sitosterol and sitostanol)), repeatability (<13%), and sensitivity (<0.017 ng/mL). The suitability of this Fast chromatography method was tested on plant sterols/stanols‐enriched dairy products (yogurt and milk), which were subjected to lipid extraction, cold saponification, and silylation prior to injection. The analytical performance (sensitivity < 0.256 ng/mL and repeatability < 10.36%) and significant reduction of the analysis time and consumables demonstrate that Fast gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method could be also employed for the plant sterols/stanols analysis in functional dairy products.     

离子色谱法测定米酒中NO-3和NO-2

研究了用带电导检测器的离子色谱对米酒中阴离子NO3^-、NO2^－进行分离测定的方法。NO3^-、NO2^－的线性范围分别为0．5－80mg/L和0.1-20mg/L，检出限分别为0.5mg/L和0.1mg/L。该法适用于SO4^2-、CI^-的测定。     

Transport of hydrated nitrate and nitrite ions through graphene nanopores in aqueous medium

Nitrate () and nitrite () ions are naturally occurring inorganic ions that are part of the nitrogen cycle. High doses of these ions in drinking water impose a potential risk to public health. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the passage of nitrate and nitrite ions from water through graphene nanosheets (GNS) with hydrogen-functionalized narrow pores in presence of an external electric field. The passage of ions through the pores is investigated through calculations of ion flux, and the results are analyzed through calculations of various structural and thermodynamic properties such as the density of ions and water, ion–water radial distribution functions, two-dimensional density distribution functions, and the potentials of mean force of the ions. Current simulations show that the nitrite ions can pass more in numbers than the nitrate ions in a given time through GNS hydrogen-functionalized pore of different geometry. It is found that the nitrite ions can permeate faster than the nitrate ions despite the former having higher hydration energy in the bulk. This can be explained in terms of the competition between the number density of the ions along the pore axis and the free energy barrier calculated from the potential of mean force. Also, an externally applied electric field is found to be important for faster permeation of the nitrite over the nitrate ions. The current study suggests that graphene nanosheets with carefully created pores can be effective in achieving selective passage of ions from aqueous solutions.     

毛细管离子色谱法测定酒和饮料中阳离子

建立了毛细管离子色谱测定酒、饮料等样品中阳离子的分析方法。使用毛细管离子色谱柱IonPac CS12A(250 mm×0.4 mm, 8 μm),以甲基磺酸淋洗液发生器(EGC-MSA)产生18 mmol/L的甲基磺酸为流动相,进样量0.4 μL,在流速0.01 mL/min的条件下,采用自循环抑制电导检测的方法对啤酒、葡萄酒、白酒、果汁及奶茶等样品中的阳离子含量进行检测。结果表明,毛细管离子色谱法能满足阳离子含量的测定要求,系统稳定不易堵,在灵敏度方面优于常规离子色谱系统。该方法能够快速、准确地测定酒、饮料等样品中的5种阳离子(钠、铵、钾、镁和钙),回归方程的相关系数在0.9997以上,实际样品的加标回收率为95.2%～103.3%。该方法具有灵敏度高,操作简单,环境友好的特点。