全自动在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水体中痕量微囊藻毒素

建立了全自动化在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速、准确测定水体中3种痕量微囊藻毒素的新方法.样品用自动进样器连续注入固相萃取小柱完成富集后,通过双梯度高效液相系统中的一个泵(上样泵)实现净化,再通过阀切换将固相萃取小柱切换至分析流路中,用另一个泵(分析泵)将待测物冲洗至分析柱进行测定.方法使用Acclaim PA柱芯(1...     

在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中的4种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯

建立了一种在线固相萃取/高效液相色谱测定水样中4种痕量邻苯二甲酸酯(邻苯二甲酸甲酯、邻苯二甲酸乙酯、邻苯二甲酸丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基)己酯)的新方法.样品由外加泵注入一根固相萃取小柱上进行富集,再将富集柱切换至高效液相色谱系统中,将富集在固相萃取小柱的邻苯二甲酸酯洗脱至分析柱进行分析.在线固相萃取柱为IonPac(...     

在线柱浓缩-超高效液相色谱法测定水体中的痕量甲萘威和呋喃丹

采用在线柱浓缩-超高效液相色谱联用技术测定水体中痕量甲萘威和呋喃丹。水样过滤后直接进样,采用固相萃取小柱富集待测物,梯度洗脱后,利用阀切换技术将待测物反冲至分析柱Acclaim RSLC C18(100 mm×2.1 mm, 2.2 μm)上进行色谱分离,以10 mmol/L醋酸铵缓冲溶液(pH 5.0,用醋酸调节)和乙腈分别为流动相A和B,梯度洗脱,泵流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为280 nm,二极管阵列检测器检测。甲萘威和呋喃丹在1.0～100 μg/L范围内线性良好(相关系数r2 ＞ 0.9999),检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.5和0.25 μg/L,加标回收率为76.0%～120.0%。用所建立的方法测定了水中痕量的甲萘威与呋喃丹的含量,结果令人满意。     

高效液相色谱法测定渔业水域中百草枯和敌草快

利用固相萃取和液相色谱紫外检测建立了渔业水体中百草枯和敌草快的分析方法。水样经弱阳离子交换小柱WCX固相萃取,采用具有亲水相互作用机理(HILIC)的色谱柱进行液相分离,流动相中缓冲体系为甲酸-甲酸铵-三乙胺,紫外检测波长:百草枯257 nm,敌草快308 nm。水中百草枯和敌草快在0.1～50μg/L范围内具有良好线性,百草枯和敌草快的检出限均为0.05μg/L,定量限均为0.10μg/L。在水样中分别添加0.1、1.0和5.0μg/L三个水平,百草枯和敌草快的加标回收率分别为90.3%～97.6%和92.7%～103%,相对标准偏差分别为4.3%～8.5%和3.1%～11%。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中百草枯与敌草快残留

建立了水中百草枯和敌草快的固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品直接经Cleanert PWCX小柱富集净化,HILIC亲水型液相色谱柱分离,5 mmol/L乙酸铵用(用甲酸调至pH 3.7)-乙腈梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源正离子模式采集,选择性反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。结果表明,百草枯和敌草快分别在10.0~200.0μg/L和1.0~200.0μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均不小于0.997,在30~200μg/L的加标水平下,百草枯和敌草快的平均回收率分别为96.8%~125.8%和97.2%~118.2%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.0%~6.3%和2.9%~6.0%;批间RSD分别为3.3%~8.2%和2.7%~7.9%。以3倍信噪比计算,百草枯和敌草快的方法检出限分别为5.0μg/L和0.3μg/L;以10倍信噪比计算,方法的定量下限分别为10.0μg/L和1.0μg/L。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,方法的线性范围、回收率、精密度和检出限均符合残留分析的要求,能满足水中百草枯、敌草快残留监控的要求。     

基于溶胶凝胶技术的在线固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定饮用水中的雌激素残留

建立了固相萃取与高效液相色谱在线联用测定水样中3种雌激素(己烯雌酚、己烷雌酚、双烯雌酚)痕量残留的方法。以溶胶凝胶技术合成的聚合物为固相萃取材料,对水样中的雌激素进行萃取富集,考察了样品溶液不同pH、上样流速及洗脱溶剂等条件对合成材料富集效果的影响。结果表明,在优化的条件下,该方法对3种雌激素的检出限(S/N=3)为0.07~0.13 μg/L,样品中的加标回收率为82.31%~99.43%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.61%~7.15%。方法简便可靠,适用于饮用水中雌激素的痕量残留检测。     

固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威及阿特拉津

建立了固相萃取/超高压液相色谱测定水中痕量呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津的分析方法。通过对色谱流动相和紫外检测条件、固萃小柱和上样速度、滤器材质等进行优化,确定了最佳实验方案。水样以5～10 mL/min的速度上样,采用Bond Elute Plexa固相萃取小柱富集,二氯甲烷洗脱。洗脱液经浓缩和重溶后,过尼龙滤膜,采用超高压液相色谱分析,色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇-水(55∶45),检测波长为222 nm,流速为0.4 mL/min。在优化条件下,1.5 min内可对3种化合物实现基线分离。呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内的线性系数均大于0.999,其仪器精密度(n=9)分别为1.7%、0.2%和0.7%,方法检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.04、0.003、0.004μg/L。在高、低水平加标浓度下,方法回收率为74%～94%。该方法具有分析速度快、操作简单和检出限低等优点,可用于同时分析水体中痕量的呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津。     

整体柱在线固相微萃取-高效液相色谱同步富集检测水中的苯氧羧酸类除草剂

采用C18毛细管整体柱作为固相微萃取整体柱,构建在线固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用系统,同步富集检测环境水样中的5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂。详细考察了联用系统运行条件对富集检测的影响。联用系统运行最佳参数为:固相微萃取整体柱长度20 cm,进样流速0.04 mL/min,进样13 min,洗脱流速0.02 mL/min,洗脱5 min。在最佳条件下,5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的检出限为:9 μg/L (苯氧丙酸)、4 μg/L (2-(2-氯)-苯氧丙酸)、4 μg/L (2-(3-氯)-苯氧丙酸)、5 μg/L (2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)、5 μg/L (2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丙酸)。与HPLC系统直接进样对比,联用系统对5种检测对象表现出优良的富集能力。5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的回收率在79.0%~98.0%之间(RSD≤3.9%)。该方法成功应用于水样中5种苯氧羧酸类除草剂的检测,结果令人满意。     

固相萃取富集-高效液相色谱法分离检测水中3种苯脲除草剂

建立了固相萃取富集-高效液相色谱分析水中3种痕量苯脲除草剂——利谷隆、敌草隆、灭草隆的方法。C18固相萃取柱富集水中待测组分,高效液相色谱以Hypersil ODS柱为分析柱,优化出的色谱条件为：流动相为甲醇／水=60：40(V／V);流速为0．7mL／min;柱温为30℃。本法操作简便、灵敏、回收率高。     

高效液相色谱法对环境样品中甲基托布津与甲霜灵残留的测定

建立了自动固相萃取/高效液相色谱法测定地表水和土壤中甲基托布津和甲霜灵残留的方法。地表水采用C18固相萃取小柱进行富集、净化及浓缩;土壤采用丙酮-二氯甲烷(体积比3∶7)溶液振荡萃取,弗罗里硅土小柱净化和浓缩;以乙腈和水为流动相,于230 nm波长处对样品进行高效液相色谱检测。甲基托布津和甲霜灵在水中的检出限分别为0.36、3.49μg/L,在土壤中的检出限分别为0.03、0.18 mg/kg;在优化实验条件下,甲基托布津和甲霜灵在水样和土壤样品中的添加回收率为77%~105%,精密度为1.2%~8.5%。方法可用于环境样品中甲霜灵和甲基托布津残留量的测定。     

Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization isotope dilution mass spectrometry analysis of paraquat and diquat using conventional and multilayer solid-phase extraction cartridges

The performance of alkyl-silica sorbent packed solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and a mixed-mode, polymeric sorbent packed SPE cartridge (resin SPE cartridge) were evaluated for the sample preparation of paraquat and diquat in environmental water and vegetation matrices. Also the recoveries of the native and 2H-labeled paraquat and diquat were correlated to validate that the 2H-labeled species can be used for the isotopic dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) analysis of paraquat and diquat. The results show that the extraction efficiency of alkyl-silica SPE is dependent on the carbon loading of the sorbent and deteriorates with an increasing sample pH. The resin SPE cartridge required no pH adjustment and showed excellent correlation between the native and 2H-labeled species, therefore, allowing us to develop the first liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization IDMS analytical method for the analysis of paraquat and diquat in environmental water and vegetation matrices. Method detection limits derived using standard EPA protocol were 0.2 and 0.1 microg/l for paraquat and diquat in water matrices, and 0.02 and 0.01 microg/g in vegetation matrices, respectively.     

新型毛细管内固相萃取-气相色谱法检测纺织品中烷基酚类物质

建立了毛细管内固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱(GC)检测纺织品中壬基酚和辛基酚含量的分析方法。通过比较4种性质不同固相萃取剂的萃取效果,筛选出对烷基酚(APs)类物质萃取效果最佳的固相萃取剂,将其作为填充物质制作毛细管内固相萃取柱,将毛细管内固相萃取法与气相色谱联用进行分析检测。最佳固相萃取剂为Abselut NEXUS,毛细管内固相萃取最佳条件为:1.2 μL甲醇和1.2 μL超纯水活化,1.2 μL甲醇洗脱,上样速率是0.4 μL/min。该法在较低浓度范围内呈现良好的线性相关性,对烷基酚的富集倍数约为100倍,对辛基酚和壬基酚的检出限分别为3.7 μg/L和4.5 μg/L,加标回收率分别为85.6%~98.2%和83.8%~95.7%,结果表明,此法能够简捷、迅速、有效地检测出纺织品中残留的烷基酚类物质。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定地表水中的苯并三唑和苯并噻唑

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱分析地表水中苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、5-甲基-苯并三唑、5-氯-苯并三唑及5,6-二甲基-苯并三唑的方法。地表水样品采用HLB固相萃取柱富集净化后,在甲醇-水(55:45, v/v)流动相中用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离,紫外检测,外标法定量。结果表明,5种目标化合物在0.064～80 mg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.9999,仪器检出限为1.9～3.2 μg/L。空白自来水样中的加标回收率为87.8%～125.6%,相对标准偏差(n=3)为0.4%～9.4%。应用该方法测定了大连自来水及辽河入海口水样,在辽河入海口地表水中检出苯并噻唑、苯并三唑、5-甲基-苯并三唑、5-氯-苯并三唑。     

On-line determination of bipyridylium herbicides in water by HPLC

Summary Selective on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography determination (HPLC) of diquat, paraquat and difenzoquat from environmental water samples has been accomplished with Graphitized Carbon Black (GCB) as both extraction and analytical columns. The method involved passing of 50 mL of water through a cartridge filled with Carbograph. In the elution step, the herbicides were transferred from the cartridge to the analytical column (Hypercarb) by mean of a gradient of pH 3 aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and ammonium sulphate and methanol. Hypercarb columns were found to give a low probability of false positives for bypiridylium herbicides and are very selective for polar compounds. Recovery was better than 80 %. The breakthrough volume was studied with distilled water spiked with the herbicides at various concentration levels (from 0.1 to 20 μg L⁻¹). The limits of quantification of the method were lower than 0.1 μg L⁻¹. The total analytical method was applied to surface waters from Torreblanca Nature Park (Castelló, Spain). Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996.     

疏水整体柱在线固相萃取与高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定牛肝中5种阿维菌素类药物残留

建立了牛肝中5种阿维菌素类药物残留的疏水整体柱在线固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定的方法。以疏水的聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)整体柱(10 mm×2.1 mm)作为固相萃取介质,考察了上样流动相和洗脱流速对阿维菌素类药物的萃取效果,优化了梯度洗脱流动相的种类及质谱条件。方法在1~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.995),定量限为5 μg/kg。在5、10、50、100 μg/kg添加水平的回收率为77.4%~98.4%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为4.46%~8.03%和4.79%~8.68%,并且该柱反复使用400次后未发现萃取效率降低。结果表明,该整体柱对牛肝中5种阿维菌素类药物能够有效萃取,并且可以重复使用。该方法简单,自动化程度高,可应用于常规阿维菌素类药物残留分析。     

在线富集离子色谱-质谱联用法同时测定饲料添加剂中的16种有机酸

建立了在线富集方式结合离子色谱-质谱(IC-MS)快速分离分析16种有机酸的方法。离子色谱配备自制富集柱和分离柱对有机酸进行在线富集和分离;质谱采用大气压化学电离源负离子电离方式(APCI^-),在选择离子监控(SIM)模式下对有机酸进行定性和定量分析。采用200 μL大体积进样,在线富集时间为3 min,以NaOH溶液作为淋洗液,梯度洗脱。结果表明,富集柱和分离柱对有机酸有很好的富集分离能力;16种有机酸在30 min内完全洗脱,并在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好;方法检出限(LODs)为0.01~0.22 mg/L;加标回收率为70.6%~110.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤6.3%。该方法样品前处理简单,分离速度快,有机酸检测灵敏度高,适用于多种饲料添加剂样品中有机酸添加剂的检测。     

在线固相萃取结合液相色谱-线性离子阱多级质谱法同时检测生物样品中7种乌头类生物碱

建立了在线固相萃取(on-line SPE)结合液相色谱-线性离子阱多级质谱(LC-LIT/MSⁿ)同时测定全血、尿液和肝组织样品中7种乌头类生物碱的分析方法,并根据7种乌头类生物碱的多级质谱碎片对裂解规律进行了推测和总结。用乙腈沉淀样品中的蛋白质,于稀释和离心后直接进样。经Waters Oasis^® HLB在线SPE柱富集纯化,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸/乙酸铵溶液-0.1%(v/v)甲酸/甲醇溶液为流动相,以Accucore C18为分析柱进行梯度洗脱;在电喷雾电离(ESI)正离子模式下测定;扫描方式为连续反应监测(CRM)。在考察的质量浓度范围内,7种乌头类生物碱的标准曲线符合二阶方程(权重因子1/x),相关系数为0.9991~0.9999;在全血和尿液中的方法检出限为0.02~0.60 ng/mL,在肝组织中的方法检出限为0.02~0.40 ng/g;加标回收率为91.1%~104.7%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为0.2%~10.7%、1.0%~13.7%(n=6)。该方法简单准确,灵敏度高,能够满足生物样品中7种乌头类生物碱的快速分析。     

Speciation analysis of tellurium by solid-phase extraction in the presence of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Under acidic conditions tellurium(IV) formed a complex with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC). The tellurium(IV) complex was completely retained on a non-polar Isolute silica-based octadecyl (C(18)) sorbent-containing solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge, while the uncomplexed Te(VI) passed through the cartridge and remained as a free species in the solution. Only partial Te(IV) was retained on the SPE cartridge for samples without addition of APDC. On the basis of different retention behaviours of the complexed Te(IV) and uncomplexed Te(VI), a simple and highly sensitive method is proposed for the determination of total tellurium and Te(VI) by SPE separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. The Te(IV) concentration was calculated as the difference between total tellurium and Te(VI) concentrations. The detection limit (3 sigma) is 3 ng L(-1) tellurium. Factors affecting the separation and detection of tellurium species were investigated. Coexisting ions did not show significant interferences with the Te(IV)-APDC complex retention and the subsequent ICP-MS detection of Te. The method has been successfully applied to the tellurium speciation analysis in waters with spiked recoveries for Te(IV) and Te(VI) of 86.0-108% and 87.1-97.4%, respectively.     

Use of a Drying Cartridge in On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

A drying cartridge was used and optimized for the in-line elimination of water from the desorption eluent in on-line solid phase extraction–gas chromatography (SPE–GC). The cartridge is essentially a small stainless-steel precolumn packed with a drying agent which can be regenerated by simultaneous heating and purging with a moisture-free gas. The drying cartridge was mounted on an additional valve instead of between the SPE–GC transfer valve and the on-column injector to enable regeneration of the cartridge during the GC run and, thus, to increase sample throughput. Three drying agents were tested, viz. sodium sulfate, silica, and molecular sieves. Although molecular sieves have the highest capacity, silica was preferred because of practical considerations. Large-volume injections were performed through the in-line drying cartridge using a mixture of 23 microcontaminants ranging widely in polarity and volatility. Four solvents were tested. With pentane and hexane, the more polar analytes were retained by the drying cartridge. Ethyl acetate and methyl acetate gave much better (and closely similar) recoveries for all analytes. Because water elimination on the silica cartridge proved to be less critical than with ethyl acetate, this solvent was finally selected. The entire SPE–drying cartridge–GC set-up was combined with mass spectrometric (MS) detection for the determination of a mixture of micropollutants in real-life water samples. With 10-ml tap water samples spiked at the 0.5 μg/l level, for the majority of the test compounds the analyte recoveries generally were 60–106%, and (full-scan) detection limits typically were 0.01–0.03 μg/l. Some very polar analytes such as, e.g. dimethoate, were (partially) sorbed onto the silica packing of the drying cartridge.     

固相萃取-大体积程序升温进样气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱测定饮用水中3种挥发性N-亚硝胺

建立了固相萃取大体积程序升温进样气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用（GC-QqQ-MS/MS）同时测定饮用水中N-亚硝基二甲胺、N-亚硝基甲基乙基胺及N-亚硝基二乙基胺的分析方法。用椰壳活性炭固相萃取小柱萃取水样中待测物组分，少量二氯甲烷洗脱、无水硫酸钠脱水，大体积程序升温进样，气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪进行多反应监测（MRM）模式检测，外标法定量。3种N-亚硝胺在1~50 ng/L范围内线性关系良好，相关系数（r²）均大于0.999，在饮用水中进行10、20和50 ng/L水平的添加，3种待测物平均加标回收率为94.8%~109%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.44%~8.10%（n=5），定量限（LOQ）为0.08~0.7 ng/L。该法灵敏、准确、简单、可靠，适用于饮用水中3种N-亚硝胺组分的痕量检测。