一种基于MANET的多路径优化路由算法

针对AOMDV协议的多路径路由机制和特点,提出一种基于带宽、时延与链路拥塞度约束的多路径优化路由算法。仿真实验结果表明,对于中低速动态的MANET网络环境,算法能在一定程度上延长网络生存时间以及提高分组投递率。     

无线网络路由协议性能的研究与仿真

文章简要介绍自组网中常用的路由协议,利用网络仿真软件NS2对DSDV、DSR和AODV路由协议进行仿真,通过不同仿真场景计算出路由协议的第一个包收到时间、平均延时和包投递率.结果表明DSDV路由协议适合用于节点静止的网络场景,在移动环境下使用AODV和DSR路由协议有更好的网络性能.     

基于AODV的能量有效路由协议

通过对AODV路由协议进行改进，提出了基于AODV的能量有效的路由协议（EE—AODV）。新协议考虑了节点的剩余能量，根据节点的剩余能量调节RREQ延迟来平衡节点的能量消耗，利用节点最近一次传递过数据分组的时间作为约束条件来优化RREQ的洪泛广播，降低网络的能量消耗。仿真结果表明．和AODV路由协议相比，新协议降低了网络的能量消耗并减少了耗尽能量的节点数，延长了网络的生存时间。     

对MANET AODV路由协议攻击效果分析

移动无线自组织网络(Mobile Ad Hoc Network,MANET)具有抗毁性强、组网灵活的特点,战场通信环境是其很重要的应用背景,基于距离向量的按需路由协议(Ad-hoc On-demand Vector Routing,AODV)在移动无线自组织网络中具有广泛的应用。针对移动无线自组网AODV路由协议,在分析其工作原理的基础上,建立网络流量的分析模型。从网络发起泛搜索路由引起网络流量变化的角度,分析不同的协议攻击方法对网络的影响。     

MANET路由与路由安全问题

移动自组网MANET(Mobile Ad Hoc Networks)是一种新型的无线移动网络,由于它具有开放的媒质、动态的拓扑、分布式合作以及网络能力受限等特点,因此特别容易受到攻击。路由安全是MANET安全中的重要一环。介绍了移动自组网的路由协议以及面临的路由安全问题,重点分析了AODV路由协议的寻路过程以及其存在的安全问题之一———黑洞。在分析了一些已有解决方案存在的缺点的基础上,提出了一种新的解决方案,该方案有效地解决了黑洞问题,并消除了已有方案存在的漏洞。     

基于时延调节的移动自组网多路径路由策略

针对AOMDV协议的多路径切换机制,提出了一种基于时延调节的移动自组网多路径路由策略,根据目的端获得的分组时延规律主动切换路径,达到负载均衡的目的。仿真实验结果表明,能在一定程度上降低路由开销以及延长网络生存时间。     

飞行自组网路由协议的仿真与分析

飞行自组网是移动自组网的一个新的研究方向,它将移动自组网的思想拓展到空天领域。但由于节点的高动态性和拓扑结构快速变化等特点,飞行自组网对路由协议提出更多挑战,传统移动自组网路由协议的适用性有待验证。文章利用OMNe T++仿真工具,针对飞行器组网的特定场景,对多种路由协议进行仿真,分析对比了各协议性能,探讨了无人机自组网路由协议的优选问题。实验结果表明OLSR_ETX协议综合性能优于其他几类协议,更适用于飞行自组网场景,但它在节点需要动态入网时表现不佳,还需要进一步的优化。     

无线自组网路由协议仿真与实现

性能良好的路由算法可以降低传输延时、提高包到达率、合理处理网络拥塞,总而言之,有效提高网络的传输性能。然而在无线自组网中,没有最优的算法,网络规模、节点特性的不同,都会使路由算法的表现千差万别。着力研究了无线自组网中常用的几种路由算法,建立不同的网络场景,使用NS2进行仿真,分析数据包的行为,比较两类路由协议的性能差异和优缺点,以仿真结果给架设无线自组网时路由协议的选择给出了指导性的意见,并在嵌入式路由器上实现了路由算法行为,     

超宽带无线自组网路由协议算法探讨

文章介绍了采用超宽带技术的无线自组网,重点对网络路由协议算法协议进行了探讨.     

无线Ad Hoc网络支持QoS的路由协议研究

当前,Ad Hoc网络传输多媒体业务需求提出了服务质量（QoS）的要求。由于Ad Hoc网络本身具有分布式控制、无线信道容量受限以及节点、链路和网络拓扑状态不断变化等特点,使其相对于固定无线网络及有线网络提供有保证且稳定的QoS要困难得多。文章总结了当前DSR协议的QoS研究进展,对不同的改进方案加以分类比较,指出了存在的问题：并针对hdHoc网络中基于资源预留的QoS算法所带来的复杂度问题,提出了适合该网络的测量可用带宽算法,构造了一种支持实时业务的Ad Hoc网络QoS服务机制。     

基于BAN逻辑的ad hoc移动网络路由协议的安全性分析

Ad hoe移动网络路由协议为加强其安全性，采用了密码技术，使其成为安全协议的一种。这使得采用形式化的方法分析其安全性成为可能。考虑ad hoe移动网络路由协议的特点，采用BAN逻辑对协议的安全性进行描述，提出了协议应满足的条件。并对协议的运行过程进行了形式化，给出具体的分析方法。采用该方法对安全路由协议SADSR进行了安全验证，说明方法的有效性。     

一种基于动态概率转发的AODV路由协议

在Ad hoc网络(自组织网络)的路由建立过程中,由于AODV(Ad hoc按需距离矢量)路由采用洪泛方式转发RREQ(路由请求)消息会产生很多不必要的重传,很可能引发广播风暴而影响网络性能。文章提出了一种基于动态概率转发RREQ消息的改进方案,该方案根据邻居节点的个数选择不同的概率转发RREQ消息。仿真结果表明,在网络节点较多且网络比较稠密的情况下,改进方案能有效减少网络端到端时延,提高网络吞吐量和分组投递率。     

A routing protocol based on node density for ad hoc networks

Ad hoc networks are a type of mobile network that functions without any fixed infrastructure. One of the weaknesses of ad hoc networks is that a route used between a source and a destination is likely to break during communication. To solve this problem, one approach consists of selecting routes whose nodes have the most stable behavior. Another strategy aims at improving the route repair procedure. This paper proposes a method for improving the success rate of local route repairs in mobile ad hoc networks. This method is based on the density of the nodes in the neighborhood of a route and on the availability of nodes in this neighborhood. Theoretical computation and simulation results show that the data packet loss rate decreased significantly compared to other methods which are well-documented in the literature. In addition, the time required to complete a local route repair following a failure was significantly reduced.     

NS2的Ad hoc网络AODV协议的仿真

无线Ad hoc网络作为一种典型的自组织网络,其路由协议一直是研究的重点。以仿真AODV（Adhocon．demand distancevector）协议为例介绍了NS2仿真路由协议的详细步骤,给出了仿真结果图和一些性能分析。结果表明,对路由协议性能影响最大的是数据源的发送频率。     

Developing multi-path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM-CSBO based on novel multi-objective function

One of the infrastructure-free networks is mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that are built with limited battery life using wireless mobile devices. This restricted battery capability in MANETs creates the necessity of considering the energy-awareness constraint in designing them. As routing protocols, the major aim of MANETs is to create the energy awareness in the network; it improves the network's lifetime through effectively utilizing the available restricted energy. Moreover, it creates some limitations like the mobility constraint, wireless link's sensitivity to environmental impacts, and restricted transmission range and residual energy of nodes that causes rapid modifications in the network topology and frequent link failure. By taking those problems, this paper plans to develop a new multipath routing protocol, where the hybrid optimization algorithm with the integration of cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is proposed and named sensory modality-based cuckoo search butterfly optimization (SM-CSBO) for determining the optimal path between the source and destination. The main goal is to select the path with better link quality and more stable links to guarantee reliable data transmission. The multi-objective function is considered with the factors regarding distance, normalized energy, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead to develop an effective routing protocol in MANET. The proposed model of SM-CSBO algorithm has superior than 5.8%, 30.4%, 36.7%, and 39.3%, correspondingly maximized than PSO, SFO, CSO, and SFO algorithms while considering the number of nodes as 150. The simulation outcomes proved that it enhances network performance when compared with the other traditional protocols.     

移动Ad hoc网络中AODV路由协议的研究与改进

针对移动Ad hoc网络AODV路由协议存在的一些缺点,提出了一个改进的路由协议。在改进方案中增加了备份路由和电池电量门阀值,可以有效避免路由的重新发现。性能分析与仿真结果表明,改进后的AODV路由协议更能适应网络拓扑结构的变化,并能在链路中断后迅速找到可用的路由。     

Queue‐based multiple path load balancing routing protocol for MANETs

Congestion in the network is the main cause for packet drop and increased end‐to‐end transmission delay of packet between source and destination nodes. Congestion occurs because of the simultaneous contention for network resources. It is very important to efficiently utilize the available resources so that a load can be distributed efficiently throughout the network. Otherwise, the resources of heavily loaded nodes may be depleted very soon, which ultimately affects network performances. In this paper, we have proposed a new routing protocol named queue‐based multiple path load balancing routing protocol. This protocol discovers several node‐disjoint paths from source to destination nodes. It also finds minimum queue length with respect to individual paths, sorts the node‐disjoint paths based on queue length, and distributes the packets through these paths based on the minimum queue length. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol distributes the load efficiently and achieves better network performances in terms of packet delivery ratio, end‐to‐end delay, and routing overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GloMoSim的移动自组网路由仿真

全球移动信息系统仿真平台（CloMoSim）在移动自组织网络仿真中得到了广泛的应用,尤其是对网络路由以及MAC协议的建模支持。在对自组网路由方式特点及协议设计思路进行分析的基础上．结合典型的自组网路由算法策略,重点介绍了GloMoSim仿真环境的特点及其目前所支持的路由层协议。通过多次仿真验证,分析比较了这些路由协议的相关性能并得出结论。     

IoT energy efficiency routing protocol using FHO-based clustering and improved CSO model-based routing in MANET

Many protocols, services, and electrical devices with built-in sensors have been developed in response to the rapid expansion of the Internet of Things. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) consist of a collection of autonomous mobile nodes that can form an ad hoc network in the absence of any pre-existing infrastructure. System performance may suffer due to the changeable topology of MANETs. Since most mobile hosts operate on limited battery power, energy consumption poses the biggest challenge for MANETs. Both network lifetime and throughput improve when energy usage is reduced. However, existing approaches perform poorly in terms of energy efficiency. Scalability becomes a significant issue in large-scale networks as they grow, leading to overhead associated with routing updates and maintenance that can become unmanageable. This article employs a MANET routing protocol combined with an energy conservation strategy. The clustering hierarchy is used in MANETs to maximize the network's lifespan, considering its limited energy resources. In the MANET communication process, the cluster head (CH) is selected using Fire Hawk Optimization (FHO). When choosing nodes to act as a cluster for an extended period, CH election factors in connectivity, mobility, and remaining energy. This process is achieved using an optimized version of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, utilizing Improved Chicken Swarm Optimization (ICSO). In comparison to existing protocols and optimization techniques, the proposed method offers an extended network lifespan ranging from 90 to 160 h and reduced energy consumption of 80 to 110 J, as indicated by the implementation results.