蔗糖溶液折射率与浓度关系的理论和实验探究

光在介质中的传播遵循费马原理.在均匀介质中光沿直线传播,非均匀介质中,光的传播轨迹比较复杂.本文以蔗糖溶液为研究对象,设计了光在非均匀介质中传播实验,建立了相关模型,理论分析了溶液折射率随深度(浓度)变化的关系.进行了数据拟合,得出溶液折射率随液体深度变化的表达式.     

利用光的全反射原理分析蜃景现象

光在均匀介质中是沿直线传播的,如果光介质的密度发生改变时,光路将随着发生改变．光线从光密介质射向光疏介质时,随着入射角的不断增大,折射角也不断地增大,并且折射光线的强度在减弱,反射光线的强度在增强如果介质的折射率为n．     

增益与吸收对X光激光传播放大的影响

在光沿直线传播的假设下，研究了Ｘ光激光在等离子体中的传播与放大。对类氢炭等离子体，除非光线不断通过强吸收区，增益曲线的吸收部分不会严重影响Ｘ光激光的输出能量。     

非均匀媒质透镜中的高斯光学

一、前言一般透镜,采用折射率为常数的均匀媒质,光线在媒质中是直线传播,因不同介质间的球形界使光线折射而产生透镜作用。近年来非均匀媒质透镜引起了人们的重视。特别是折射率沿径向变小的自聚焦透镜,     

端面抽运板条介质抽运光束不均匀性及改善方法研究

 基于Zemax软件下的非序列模式(non-sequential mode)光线追迹法,分别模拟复合结构板条介质抽运端面和掺杂介质区工作端面上的光强度分布。由追迹结果可知,经过整形,在抽运面强度分布均匀的抽运光束经过非掺杂介质区传播到掺杂介质工作端面后光束分布均匀性大大降低。研究表明复合结构板条介质中非掺杂介质区影响了抽运光束,即抽运光在非掺杂介质区传播过程中发生全内反射,导致部分光束在实际工作端面的部分区域发生叠加,从而致使实际工作端面抽运光束分布不均匀。最后,依据平面波导匀化理论,从改变非掺杂介质区长度和入射光束发散角大小角度出发,提出改善抽运光束均匀性的思路,并进行了模拟验证。     

短脉冲激光与介质相互作用的扩散模型

推导了扩散近似方程,通过半无限大均匀介质计算,用扩散理论分析解验证了数值方法的有效性.模拟了光在非均匀介质内的传输过程,给出了介质内光通量随时间变化的空间分布.结果表明,该基于扩散模型的数值方法能够模拟短脉冲光在强散射介质中的传播过程以及漫散射光的时间变化特性,并且借助于光通量空间分布能够准确模拟非均匀介质内内含物的位置.     

啁啾光脉冲在类时间透镜介质中的传播

利用空间－时间类似和光线光学方法得到啁啾高斯光脉冲在类时间透镜介质中传播的解析解，讨论了光脉冲宽度和啁啾参数随传播距离的演变，并与光脉冲在克尔介质中传播的特征作了比较。     

非均匀介质中波的传播的一维模拟：锥形弹簧中纵波的实验研究

一、引言普物实验中,对波的传播规律的研究,都是用驻波法在均匀介质中实现的。例如弦振动实验和测定空气中声速的实验。在演示实验中,还有纵波在圆柱形弹簧中传播的实验。但都未涉及非均匀介质的情况。笔者也用驻波法,对锥形弹簧中纵波的传播规律作了实验探讨,得到了传播速度的经验公式。作为研究非均匀介质中波的传播规律的实验,它可以安排到课堂演示和普物实验教学课程中去。     

试析“海市蜃搂”现象

本文用费马原理，采用变分法分析了光在非均匀空气介质中的传播特征，从而阐明“海市蜃楼”现象．     

利用对称性原理推导几何光学三定律

从对称性的角度,分析了光波在无限大均匀介质中、两种媒质的分界面上传播必须遵从的时间和空间平移不变性,推导出光的直线传播、反射以及折射定律,揭示了支配几何光学三定律的更为深刻而底层的对称性原因,这种视角对于光学部分的教学将产生深刻的影响.     

Inhomogeneous Vacuum: An Alternative Interpretation of Curved Spacetime

The strong similarities between the light propagation in a curved spacetime and that in a medium with graded refractive index are found. It is pointed out that a curved spacetime is equivalent to an inhomogeneous vacuum for light propagation. The corresponding graded refractive index of the vacuum in a static spherically symmetrical gravitational field is derived. This result provides a simple and convenient way to analyse the gravitational lensing in astrophysics.     

Propagation and annihilation of vortex pairs in a smoothly inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate

An asymptotic theory has been developed to describe the propagation and annihilation of vortex pairs in a smoothly inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate with the repulsive interaction between atoms. It has been shown that the trajectories of vortex pairs coincide with geometric-optical rays in an equivalent isotropic medium with the refractive index depending both on the density of the unperturbed inhomogeneous condensate and on the energy of structures under study. The transformation of vortex pairs to vortex-free quasisolitons and back has been described.     

利用强度周期性变化的光信号测量光速与介质的折射率

介绍了一种利用强度周期性变化的光信号来测量光速与介质折射率的方法,可以精确测量出光传播距离改变cm数量级时光传播时间的改变.如果在光路中放入介质,用这种方法可以很精确地测量出由此引入的光程差,并给出了一个测量介质折射率的新方法.     

水平极化光在单轴吸收晶体中的传播

根据光在各向同性吸收介质中传播的分析方法,引入了波法线矢量传播常量,讨论了水平极化光在单轴吸收晶体中的传播规律,得到了波法线折射率、光线折射率、吸收系数等描述吸收晶体性质和光传播性质的物理量的表达式,推导出透明晶体的相应公式.数值计算表明,由该法得到的晶体表面的反射和透射系数与用复折射率表示法得到的结论一致.     

Analysis of wave fluctuation phenomena in random media in presence of a reflecting boundary

Modelling of wave propagation for modern high-frequency radio links must take into account the fluctuation phenomena caused by random changes of the medium's parameters. There are two factors that cause signals from transmitter to receiver to arrive via multiple random paths. The first is a result of scattering by boundaries and various obstacles, while the second is related to random changes in the refractive index of the medium. Similar phenomena are observed in underwater acoustic propagation. In this work the influence of both factors is demonstrated in a simple example when the propagation takes place above a perfectly reflecting surface in the presence of a randomly fluctuating medium.     

Focusing of waves in an anisotropic plane-layered medium

The problem of propagation of electromagnetic waves in an inhomogeneous uniaxial anisotropic medium is discussed. Analytic solutions of Maxwell's equations are found for two particular cases of a plane-layered dielectric. The effect of different parameters of an inhomogeneous distribution of refractive indices on the propagation characteristics of wave beams is analyzed. The corrections of the first approximation of perturbation theory to the propagation constants of natural waves are obtained for a plane-layered focusing medium of general type. This has permitted solving the problem of a distribution of the refractive index which provides for optimal focusing.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 21, No. 12, pp. 1812–1821, December, 1978.In conclusion, the author expresses his gratitude to I. V. Ivanov and N. A. Morozov for their attention to this paper.     

Matrix methods in treating decentred optical systems

A set of matrix methods treating decentred optical systems in the paraxial approximation is reviewed. Misalignment phenomena of optical systems can generally be described by an augmented 4×4 matrix; propagation of optical rays in an asymmetric, inhomogeneous medium by a 3×3 matrix. In order to simplify the operations with these matrices, ray transfer flow graphs are introduced.A lot of optical problems can be solved in a clear and simple manner, including optical arrays. Some examples are given.     

非线性导波现象

本文评述发生在波导结构内的三次非线性光学现象及其潜在的应用。由于波导媒质具有光强感应折射率特性,从而引起导波矢量和场分布与耦合进波导内的光功率密度有关。基于这一概念,导致了很多有趣的全光器件,诸如:光限制器,光开关,光双稳,光扫描,光控调谐滤波,光控波导互连转换等。     

基于线偏振光反射率测量介质折射率的研究

研究线偏振光的振幅反射率与介质折射率的关系,提出一种测量介质材料折射率的方法。文中从菲涅耳公式出发,推导出各向同性介质的线偏振光反射率与折射率的关系式,给出基于线偏振光反射率测定介质折射率的原理。设计实验方案,在不同入射角情况,定出线偏振光p方向和s方向两种线偏振光在玻璃表面的反射率,得到线偏振光振幅反射率随入射角变化的实验曲线。依此实验数据得出材料的折射率。结果表明,测出的介质材料的折射率与理论值相符,所采取的测定方案可行。