Controversies Around the Role of Statistical Tests in Experimental Research

Despite widespread use of significance testing in empirical research, its interpretation and researchers' excessive confidence in its results have been criticized for years. In this article, the logic of statistical testing in the Fisher and Neyman-Pearson approaches are described, some common misinterpretations of basic concepts behind statistical tests are reviewed, and the philosophical and psychological issues that can contribute to these misinterpretations are analyzed. Some frequent criticisms against statistical tests are revisited, with the conclusion that most of them refer not to the tests themselves but to the misuse of tests on the part of researchers. In accordance with Levin (1998a), statistical tests should be transformed into a more intelligent process that helps researchers in their work. Possible ways in which statistical education might contribute to the better understanding and application of statistical inference are suggested.     

统计抽样测试中影响样本量的因素分析

统计抽样技术在符合性测试和实质性测试中有着广泛的应用,中分析了统计抽样技术运用于实质性测试时影响样本量的基本因素。     

可靠性系列知识讲座 第四讲:可靠性增长试验的统计分析与设计

新产品的研制工作要经历若干个阶段,每个阶段都是在前一阶段的基础上针对产品在设计、材料或工艺等方面的缺点采取改进措施,以便产品的可靠度得到提高。本文在一般公认的假定—次序约束下,综合利用各阶段的数据给出了最后阶段产品可靠度的点估计和置信下限,它比只利用最后阶数据得到的点估计和置信下限更为合理。此处,还对可靠性增长试验的设计提出了有价值的建议。     

Toward Understanding the Role of Technological Tools in Statistical Learning

This article begins with some context setting on new views of statistics and statistical education. These views are reflected, in particular, in the introduction of exploratory data analysis (EDA) into the statistics curriculum. Then, a detailed example of EDA learning activity in the middle school is introduced, which makes use of the power of the spreadsheet to mediate students' construction of meanings for statistical conceptions. Through this example, I endeavor to illustrate how an attempt at serious integration of computers in teaching and learning statistics brings about a cascade of changes in curriculum materials, classroom praxis, and students' ways of learning. A theoretical discussion follows that underpins the impact of technological tools on teaching and learning statistics by emphasizing how the computer lends itself to supporting cognitive and sociocultural processes. Subsequently, I present a sample of educational technologies, which represents the sorts of software that have typically been used in statistics instruction: statistical packages (tools), microworlds, tutorials, resources (including Internet resources), and teachers' metatools. Finally, certain implications and recommendations for the use of computers in the statistical educational milieu are suggested.     

Statistical Tests for the Order of a Regression Model Based on a Single Series of Observations

We construct a test for the determination of the order of a linear regression model on the basis of a single series of observations in the case of normally distributed noise with mean value zero and bounded variance. We propose a new equilibrium statistic for the model with infinite (but single) series of observations; by using this statistic, we construct a test for the determination of the order of this model.     

Statistical Methods in Research and Production

Journal of the Operational Research Society -     

幂律-威布尔模型下序进应力和恒定应力组合寿命试验的统计分析

对幂律－威布尔模型,利用一组序进应力加速寿命试验数据和另一组恒定应力加速寿命试验数据给出了参数的点估计和区间估计,并且一个实用例说明方法的应用。     

飞行器定位误差的统计分布

本文研究飞行器飞行过程中的定位误差,通过对试验数据的分析,利用统计理论结合软件探求了误差的分布,得到了比较满意的结果,这一研究对实际应用有着比较重要的意义。     

统计方法在提高汽车轮胎质量研究中的应用

以乘用子午胎作为主要研究对象,根据某轮胎公司提供的数据,利用回归分析、方差分析、试验设计等统计方法,解决了在有效控制温度下,最佳肩部厚度、速度、最大负荷量,对轮胎质量的影响.     

多元统计分析在本科毕业论文指导满意度研究中的应用

毕业论文指导水平是影响毕业论文水平的重要因素,本文根据实际满意度调查的数据,利用主成份分析方法,对毕业论文指导满意度的影响因素进行了实证分析,得出是影响毕业论文指导质量的主要因素,同时,根据实证研究结论,就提高毕业论文指导满意度提出了若干建议.     

自适应逐步II型混合截尾恒加寿命试验下广义指数分布的统计分析

在自适应逐步II型混合截尾恒定应力加速寿命试验下,讨论了两参数广义指数分布的统计分析。利用EM算法和最小二乘法相结合的新方法推导出未知参数与可靠度函数的点估计,通过信息缺失原则得到了观测Fisher信息阵和尺度参数的渐近无偏估计。利用估计的渐近正态性和参数bootstrap方法构造了参数的置信区间。最后运用Monte-Carlo方法分别对得到的点估计和区间估计的精度进行研究,结果表明尺度参数的渐近无偏估计优于相应的两步估计, Boot-p置信区间比相应的渐近置信区间更精确。     

The Experimental Mathematician: the Pleasure of Discovery and the Role of Proof

The emergence of powerful mathematical computing environments, the growing availability of correspondingly powerful (multi-processor) computers and the pervasive presence of the internet allow for mathematicians, students and teachers, to proceed heuristically and ‘quasi-inductively’. We may increasingly use symbolic and numeric computation, visualization tools, simulation and data mining. The unique features of our discipline make this both more problematic and more challenging. For example, there is still no truly satisfactory way of displaying mathematical notation on the web; and we care more about the reliability of our literature than does any other science. The traditional role of proof in mathematics is arguably under siege – for reasons both good and bad.     

Investigating the Role of Context in Experimental Research Involving the Use of Digital Media for the Learning of Mathematics: Boundary Objects as Vehicles for Integration

The paper describes a study of the contexts of six teams, expert in research and development of digital media for learning mathematics, who cross-experimented in classrooms with the use of each other’s artefacts. Contextual issues regarding the designed tasks and technologies, the socio-systemic milieu and the ways in which the researchers worked with the teachers were in focus. We analysed the ways in which a set of mutually constructed and negotiated questions aiming to illuminate otherwise tacit contextual issues operated as boundary objects amongst the teams. We discuss the need to develop special tools such as these boundary objects in order to elicit issues of context and the ways they may affect the production of theory.     

明目科研成果应用及其多元统计分析

本文简介了明目科研成果《易效明目功》的应用，并重点对易效明目功防治青少年近视的效用进行了多元统计分析，Ｐ＜０．０５，效果显著。     

投入产出关联网络模型及其统计属性研究

从复杂网络的视角,建立了各产业部门之间的投入产出关联复杂网络模型,利用国民经济核算司发布的投入产出数据,分析了投入产出关联网络的边权分布、强度分布和聚集系数等主要网络属性,尝试揭示了我国国民经济系统中各产业部门之间复杂的投入产出关联关系.