二氟亚甲基取代的Goniodiol类似物的合成

合成了具有潜在生物活性的二氟亚甲基取代的Goniodiol类似物. 该合成路线的关键步骤为: 铟粉引发对醛的二氟炔丙基化反应引入二氟亚甲基; 在2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-氧基哌啶(TEMPO)催化下, 三氯异氰尿酸(TCCA)氧化1,5-二醇高效率地关环生成α,β-不饱和-δ-内脂环.     

亚甲基烯酮与5-亚甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮反应机理的研究

利用半经验分子轨道理论AM1方法，研究了5-亚甲基-1，3-二噁烷-4，6-二酮与亚甲基烯酮的2，3-位C＝C，3，4-位C＝O和1，2-位C＝O三种双键位置上的环加成反应的反应机理．采用Berny梯度法优化得到反应的过渡态，并进行了振动分析确认．计算结果表明，环加成反应是按照协同的非同步途径进行的，经过一个扭曲的六员环过渡态，前线轨道分析表明反应机理为［4＋2］机理．根据AM1优化得到的产物反应物及过渡态的生成热可知三个反应的活化焓分别为27．07kJ·mol-1，32．41kJ·mol-1和137．96kJ·mol-1，2，3-位C＝C双键上的环加成反应的活化焓最低，这与实验中只观察到2，3－位C＝C双键上环加成产物的结论是一致的．     

Sc(OTf)3催化的δ-三氟甲基-δ-芳基-双取代对亚甲基苯醌和硫醇的反应:高效合成二芳基甲烷硫醚化合物

报道了一种δ-三氟甲基-δ-芳基-二取代的对亚甲基苯醌和硫醇参与的1,6-共轭加成反应.在5 mol％三氟甲基磺酸钪催化的条件下,得到了结构多样化的含有三氟甲基四级碳中心的二芳基甲烷硫醚.反应具有良好的官能团兼容性和底物范围.此外,烷基硫醇和苄硫醇也适用于该反应.鉴于二芳基甲烷硫醚骨架以及三氟甲基在生物活性分子中的重要...     

立体专一性地合成（Z）-α-氟-β-三氟甲基乙烯基碘化物和应用于合成多氟噻吩基双烯烃

The direct iodination of polyfluorinated vinyl stannanes by tin-iodine exchange methodology was achieved giving （Z）-α-fluoro-β-trifluoromethyl vinyl iodides stereospecifically. Changing the substituent in R group from the electron-withdrawing group to electron-donating group led to an increase in the yield from 78% to 90%, while it was moved from para to meta position the reaction did not afford a dramatic change in the yield （90% to 95%）. In addition, this reaction also can be applied to the vinyl stannane with heterocyclic group. The further coupling reaction of prepared vinyl iodide containing heterocyclic moiety with （Z）-α-fluoro-β-trifluoromethylstannanes gave polyfluorinated heterocyclic alkadienes with 2E,4E-selectivity.     

5-三氟甲基胡椒醛的合成研究

以香草醛为起始原料,经碘代、脱甲基、亚甲基醚化、三氟甲基化反应以较高收率合成了5-三氟甲基胡椒醛,产物结构经过了1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR和HRMS的确证.重点研究了三氟甲基化反应,考察了不同三氟甲基化试剂、溶剂、催化剂用量、反应温度以及反应时间对三氟甲基化反应收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件.随后,该方法成功运用于3,4位不同取代的5-碘苯甲醛的三氟甲基化反应,制得了三种5-三氟甲基胡椒醛的衍生物.     

Na2CO3催化的叠氮三甲基硅烷对δ-三氟甲基-δ-芳基取代对亚甲基苯醌的1,6-共轭加成: 高效构建含三氟甲基和叠氮取代的二芳基甲烷化合物

报道了一种高效的δ-三氟甲基-δ-芳基-取代对亚甲基苯醌的叠氮化芳基化反应. 以Na₂CO₃为催化剂, 叠氮三甲基硅烷与δ-三氟甲基-δ-芳基取代对亚甲基苯醌发生1,6-共轭加成反应, 以优异的分离产率(90%~96%)获得了结构多样的含有三氟甲基和叠氮取代的二芳基甲烷化合物.该反应具有良好的底物适用范围和官能团兼容性.     

可修饰的内酯，α-氯甲基-α-甲基-β-丙内酯的合成和聚合

可修饰的内酯，α－氯甲基－α－甲基－β－丙内酯的合成和聚合＊王明霞李子臣贺晓晖杨丽＊＊李福绵（北京大学化学系北京１００８７１）关键词α－氯甲基－α－甲基－β－丙内酯，开环聚合＊１９９５－０２－２０收稿；１９９６－０３－１２修回：自然科学基金课题；＊＊...     

甲基酮的二氟同系化-卤化反应:一锅法合成β-卤代-α,α-二氟代酮

以（溴二氟甲基）三甲基硅烷（TMSCF₂Br）为二氟卡宾源,利用其兼具TMS转移特性及自活化特性,仅在催化量的n-Bu₄NBr的催化启动下,直接完成甲基酮的烯醇化-二氟环丙烷化反应以及与卤正离子的开环卤化反应,并使用卤负离子作为卤源,采用其原位氧化形成卤正离子的方法实现了偕二氟环丙烷硅醚的开环-卤化,合成了β-卤代-α,α-二氟代酮类物质.     

5-烃基-2,3-二甲基吡嗪N-单氧化物的合成

一烃基或二烃基吡嗪的N-单氧化物可以进行氯化、乙酰氧基化等反应,它是重要的有机合成中间体.据报道二烃基吡嗪与30％过氧化氢在醋酸中进行N-氧化反应,当二烃基吡嗪:30％过氧化氢:醋酸的摩尔比为1:2:5、反应温度70～80℃、反应时间8h时,产物是N-单氧化物;当摩尔比为1:4:10、反应温度95℃、反应时间8～24h时,产物是N-二氧     

Stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-cryptocarya diacetate by an iterative Jacobsen’s hydrolytic kinetic resolution protocol

A combination of iterative Jacobsen’s hydrolytic kinetic resolution and reduction of a ketone for the construction of a 1,3-polyol moiety are key steps en route to a total synthesis of (+)-cryptocarya diacetate.     

The perturbing effect of cholesterol on the interaction between labdanes and DPPC bilayers

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the effect of cholesterol on the perturbation of DPPC bilayers induced by eight bioactive structurally related labdanes isolated from the resin ‘ladano’ of Cistus creticus subsp. creticus (Cistaceae) or semisynthesized from the mother compounds. Labdanes themselves induced profound modifications in DPPC bilayer organization and thermotropic properties that were altered when cholesterol was incorporated in equimolar amounts to the labdanes. The present work shows that, up to 10 mol% of the equimolar mixture of cholesterol and the labdanes, the modifications evoked on DPPC bilayer organization are in accordance to these induced by the labdanes themselves. When the concentration exceeded 20 mol%, cholesterol influence dominated while the effect of the labdanes was suppressed and their interaction with the bilayer was probably prevented. The degree by which cholesterol modulated the labdane interaction with the bilayer depended on their structural characteristics that determine their localization in the bilayer interior. Polar groups that force the labdanes to localize themselves at the interfacial region broadened the concentration range by which labdanes interacted with the DPPC bilayer even in the presence of high concentration of cholesterol where cholesterol-rich domains are preferentially formed. On the other hand, labdanes possessing functional groups that promote their deeper penetration in the bilayer interior compete with cholesterol in a high extent for the same localization sites resulting in their possible elimination from the bilayer when the concentration of cholesterol present exceeds the 20 mol%.     

The stir-frying can reduce hepatorenal toxicity of Fructus Tribuli by inactivating β-glucosidase and inhibiting the conversion of furostanol saponins to spirostanol saponins

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the mechanism of “enzyme inactivation and toxicity reduction” of Fructus Tribuli (FT) after being heating processed. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantitatively analyze the contents of four steroidal saponins in crude Fructus Tribuli (CFT) and stir-fried Fructus Tribuli (SFT) under different storage times at room temperature. The enzyme activity of β-D-glucosidase in CFT and SFT were determined and calculated by ultraviolet–visible spectrometry (UV-VIS spectrometry). In addition, the enzyme hydrolysates of FOT and tribuluside A were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The hepatorenal toxicity of spirostanol saponins in FT were further confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiment. This study confirmed that “enzyme inactivation and toxicity reduction” was one of the reasons why the stir-frying can reduce hepatorenal toxicity of FT, and further enriched the exploration on the mechanism of processing toxicity reduction.