离子液体掺杂聚苯胺固相微萃取涂层的电沉积制备及其在芳香胺检测中的应用

新型萃取材料及相关涂层制备技术是固相微萃取技术发展的重点.本研究在1-羟丙基-3-甲基咪唑-四氟硼酸盐([C3(OH)mim][BF4])和HNO3混合溶液中,通过电化学方法在铂(Pt)丝表面固定新型聚苯胺-离子液体(PANI-IL)涂层.电镜分析表明,离子液体存在时,PANI膜孔结构变均匀、比表面积增大.以芳香胺为模...     

聚吡咯-离子液体固相微萃取涂层的电沉积制备及其在苯类化合物气相色谱检测中的应用

在0.1 mol/L吡咯-0.1 mol/L对甲苯磺酸-4g/L 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐水溶液中,通过循环伏安法在不锈钢丝表面制备了新型聚吡咯-离子液体(Polypyrrole-ionic liquid,PPY-IL)涂层.此涂层呈菜花状结构,粒度比PPY小.以5种苯类化合物(即1,2-二甲苯、1,2,4-三氯苯、1,2-二氯苯、1,2,4-三甲苯和1,3,5-三甲苯)为目标分析物,对所得萃取头性能进行了考察.在优化的实验条件(萃取温度:50℃；萃取时间:40 min;搅拌速率:600 r/min; NaCl浓度:0.2 g/mL)下,对这些苯类化合物进行顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱检测,其线性范围为0.6～800 μg/L,单根多次萃取的相对标准偏差小于4.5％(n=5),多根萃取头平行萃取的相对标准偏差为4.5％～12.4％(n=5).PPY-IL萃取头有良好的稳定性,在使用150次后萃取性能仅有很小的变化；在温度升至290℃时不分解.与聚吡咯和聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头相比,本萃取头对这些苯类化合物有更高的萃取能力.     

新型溶胶-凝胶离子液体固相微萃取探头的研制

以1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸(HEMIM[BF4])和1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺(HEMIM-[N(SO2CF3)2])离子液体为涂层材料,采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了两种新型的离子液体-羟基硅油(OH-TSO)复合涂层固相微萃取探头,并对溶胶-凝胶反应机理和涂层性能进行了考察.由于阴离子结构不同,两种离子液体-OH-TSO复合涂层的性能也存在一定差异.首先,从表面形貌来看,HEMIM[BF4]-OH-TSO涂层表面孔洞排列更整齐,孔径更小,且大小均一.从热重分析结果来看,HEMIM[N(SO2CF3)2]-OH-TSO涂层具有更高的热稳定性,最高使用温度可以达到360℃.从萃取性能来看,HEMIM[BF4]-OH-TSO涂层对大多数酚类环境雌激素和芳胺的萃取效果明显高于HEMIM[N-(SO2CF3)2]-OH-TSO和未加离子液体的OH-TSO涂层.除此之外,它们还具有较强的抗溶剂冲洗能力,pH应用范围广,重现性好.以HEMIM[N(SO2CF3)2]-OH-TSO涂层为萃取头,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定了实际水体中的芳胺.结果表明,该方法检测限低(6.3～201.3ng/L),线性范围宽(3～4个数量级),重现性好(RSD7%),准确度高(回收率87.4%～111.5%).     

离子液体掺杂聚苯胺/纳米铜修饰电极制备及其在过氧化氢测定中的应用

在离子液体1-甲基咪唑-三氟乙酸中用循环伏安法(CV)电聚合苯胺制得离子液体掺杂聚苯胺膜修饰玻碳电极(IL-PANI/GCE),进一步在其表面原位电沉积纳米铜粒子,构制用于测定H2O2的新型离子液体掺杂聚苯胺/纳米铜(nano-Cu/IL-PANI/GCE)电化学传感器。用扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安法(CV)和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)表征此修饰电极,并讨论了其对H2O2的电催化还原机制。在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液和"0.35 V电位下,用电流法测定了H2O2的含量,在20～1.12 mmol/L浓度范围内线性关系良好;检出限为0.1μmol/L,响应时间约为3 s。     

一种新型磷酸酯类功能化离子液体的合成及管内循环流液液微萃取钐(Ⅲ)的研究

合成了一种新型磷酸酯类功能化离子液体1-戊基-3-(3-二苯基膦酰基)丙基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺盐,并利用管内循环流液液微萃取技术研究了该离子液体对水溶液样品中Sm(Ⅲ)的萃取性能.优化的水相酸度为pH =8,水样流速1.5 ml·min-,萃取时间20 min,室温饱和吸附容量118 mg·g-1离子液体.Sm(Ⅲ)浓度为0.1～5.0 μg·ml-1范围时,其线性回归方程为Y=-123247 +422900c(μg·ml-1),线性相关系数和最低检测限分别为0.9938和0.0035 μg·ml-1.用2 rnl 0.1 mol·L-1柠檬酸+0.4 mol·L-1甲酸+ 0.4 mol·L-1水合肼洗脱液洗脱10 min,回收率达98％以上,能实现离子液体的回收利用.并推测该萃取过程主要采用的是螯合作用机理.     

聚苯胺/离子液体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及其导电性能研究

采用1-羧甲基-3-甲基咪唑氯化盐离子液体对钠化蒙脱土进行插层改性,然后用苯胺的盐酸溶液进行二次插层,以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,盐酸溶液为掺杂剂,使进入离子液体/蒙脱土(CMMIm/MMT)层间的苯胺(An)发生氧化聚合反应,制备了一种具有良好导电性的聚苯胺/离子液体/蒙脱土复合材料(PANI/CMMIm/MMT).用红外光谱、X-射线衍射,热重分析和DSC对样品进行了表征.结果表明当离子液体/蒙脱土用量为7.5%、盐酸浓度为1mol/L、过硫酸铵与苯胺的摩尔比为1∶1、0℃下反应6h时制备的PANI/CMMIm/MMT纳米复合材料电导率最高,达到了0.3S/cm,是相同条件下聚苯胺/钠化蒙脱土纳米复合材料电导率的2.5倍,聚苯胺的7.5倍.     

离子液体萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地表水中微量锌

合成了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim]PF6),并将其用于水样中锌的萃取。在500 mL水样中依次加入10 g.L-1EDTA溶液3 mL和离子液体5 mL,在pH 7左右的条件下振摇5 min,分出离子液体相,用1.0 mol.L-1盐酸溶液10 mL返萃取,于水相中火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其锌量。锌的质量浓度在0.005～0.02 mg.L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3σ)为0.75μg.L-1。应用此法测定地表水中锌,回收率在85%～110%之间。     

离子液体键合固相微萃取涂层用于水样中五氯酚的测定

合成了1-甲基-3-三乙氧基硅基丙基咪唑二(三氟甲基磺酸酰)亚胺盐([TPMIM][NTf2])离子液体, 其热稳定性可达480 ℃, 并用其通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种含键合离子液体的固相微萃取(SPME)涂层. 该涂层的使用温度可达340 ℃. 优化了萃取温度、萃取时间、溶液的pH、盐效应、解析温度以及解析时间. 在最优条件下, 采用顶空固相微萃取结合GC/FID的方法测定水样中五氯酚(PCP)的检出限为1 ng/L, 线性范围为10-3~102 μg/L, 线性相关系数为0.9994, 相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为3.5%, 加标回收率为84.5%.     

质子酸掺杂聚苯胺固相微萃取涂层的电化学制备及其萃取性能

考察了质子酸种类对电聚合聚苯胺涂层微观结构和萃取性能的影响.在含0.1～0.2 mol/L苯胺的H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, HClO4及H3PO4溶液中,用循环伏安法在铂丝表面聚合得到掺杂不同质子酸的聚苯胺固相微萃取头.用扫描电镜对所得萃取头的微观结构进行表征;在优化条件(0.35 g/mL NaCl, 50 ℃萃取30 min)下,以7种芳环化合物为模拟分析物,用气相色谱法测试其萃取性能.结果表明: 在HNO3和HClO4溶液中聚合得到的聚苯胺涂层具有均匀的多孔结构、平滑的膜表面和较高的萃取效率,适于芳环化合物的高效萃取.     

吡啶类碳离子液体电极对酚磺乙胺的电化学行为及其分析应用

用离子液体1-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐(BuPyPF6)作为粘合剂构置了碳离子液体修饰电极(BuPyPF6-CILE).在0.05 mol/L H2SO4溶液中,用循环伏安法研究了在BuPyPF6-CILE和传统碳糊电极(TCPE)上酚磺乙胺(ESL)的电化学行为,建立了测定尿样和血清样品中ESL含量的新方法.ESL在BuPyPF6-CILE上的氧化峰电流响应是其在TCPE上的8.7倍,峰电位差降低到0.101 V,电子转移速率常数Ks=0.544 s-1,电极表面平均吸附量为1.66×10-9 mol·cm2.ESL的氧化电流与其浓度在8.0×10-8～2.0×10-6mol/L和5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为3×10-8mol/L(S/N=3).连续5次测定2.0×10-6mol/L ESL溶液的RSD为1.5%.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。