用环糊精的金属有机框架材料作为模板制备多孔有机笼

迄今为止, 还未有报道过由金属有机框架材料(MOFs)转化成共价有机笼(COF-Cages)的文章. 通过交联环糊精MOF骨架中的羟基, 并除去其中的钾离子, 构建了由环糊精MOF转化形成的结晶性多孔有机笼. 首先合成CD-MOF, 再将CD-MOF中的羟基交联, 得到Cross-linked γ-环糊精MOF (CL-CD-MOF), 最后除去钾离子得到Z-cage, 并且应用热重分析(TGA)、红外光谱(IR)、固体核磁共振(CP/MAS/NMR)光谱等多种分析手段对其结构进行表征. 结果表明, 该方法得到的有机笼(Z-cage)具有特定的方钠石型晶体结构, 并且比表面积达862 m²·g^-1. 作为对照实验, 在水热条件下, 将γ-CD和对苯二硼酸按照1:4化学计量比合成的CL-polymer与Z-cage具有不同的晶体结构, 并通过X-射线粉末衍射(PXRD)进行了证明, 反映了MOF模板合成法在控制材料的晶体结构的优越性. 这种从结晶性无机-有机杂化MOF到结晶性有机笼Z-cage的转变, 提供了多孔晶体材料之间晶体到晶体转变的途径.     

活性炭材料吸附CO_2的研究进展

CO_2排放引起了诸多环境问题,从混合气体中分离、利用CO_2,是近期的研究热点.目前的CO_2捕集和分离技术,大都由于费用高、能耗大等问题难以得到推广.利用多孔材料吸附分离CO_2的方法,因其高效、低能耗、低成本、易再生、易回收等特点得到广泛关注.在实际应用中多孔材料不仅要具备较高的CO_2吸附量、选择性,还要有较好的疏水性能.因此,活性炭被认为是最适合的材料之一.其具有优异的疏水性能,在常压和高压下均呈现出很高的CO_2吸附量,并且容易再生.综述了活性炭材料作为CO_2吸附剂的最新进展,重点介绍活性炭微结构与CO_2吸附性能之间的关系、活性炭表面官能团与CO_2之间的相互作用,最后探讨了目前的研究中存在的问题,并对今后的CO_2吸附分离研究工作进行了展望.     

离子交换树脂基多孔碳材料的制备及其CO_2吸附性能研究

以废弃的阳离子交换树脂为原料,采用Zn Cl2活化法,在原料与活化剂质量比为1:2情况下,研究了不同的活化温度(300℃、400℃、500℃、600℃)对多孔碳材料孔隙结构和CO2吸附性能的影响。通过N2吸附脱附、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等对样品的孔隙结构和形貌进行了表征。采用变压吸附法,在常温常压下测试了样品对CO2的吸附性能,结果表明,随着活化温度的升高,多孔碳材料的比表面积、孔容、平均孔径等随之减小,当活化温度为400℃时,其微孔孔容比达到最大值49.6%,比表面积达到最大值1136 m2/g;当活化温度为600℃时,CO2吸附量达到了最大值9.2wt%(常温常压下),表明了CO2吸附量与比表面积大小无直接关系,受超微孔孔径分布的影响更大。     

金属有机框架材料吸附性能应用的研究

金属有机框架材料(MOFs)是一种多孔聚合物材料,其相关研究近年来取得迅速发展。MOFs是以金属离子为中心,桥连的有机配体作为支撑经延伸形成的一类具有周期性网络结构的晶态多孔材料[1]。由于其较强的功能性、较高的比表面积、超高的孔隙率以及可调控的孔道结构[2],MOFs在储气、分离、催化、载药和光学等领域受到了极大的重视,并具有广泛的应用前景。本文从MOFs材料的结构设计出发,介绍近几年MOFs材料在能源气体(H2、CH4)的储存,H2S、CO2、有机气体分子的捕集以及医学领域(对于一些药物的吸附装载)的研究进展,并对MOFs材料在应用上存在的问题进行了阐述,对其未来的发展趋势作出展望。     

共价有机框架材料在吸附领域的研究进展

共价有机框架材料(Covalent Organic Frameworks,COFs)是由有机结构单元通过共价键连接的具有期性结构的多孔化合物。共价有机框架材料具有永久的孔隙、高的比表面积、可调的孔径、易于功能化和高的水热稳定性等优点,广泛应用于许多领域。本文总结了COFs目前主要的合成方法,介绍了COFs在吸附领域的应用和发展。最后,文章指出未来的研究重点是发展更多有机反应和键连方式,合成具有高度稳定性和结晶度、成本低廉的功能性材料。     

多孔有机聚合物基仿生催化材料构建

在化学领域,大自然一直是灵感的主要来源,是设计性能卓越材料的模仿对象.作者总结了借鉴仿生理念,以多孔有机聚合物(POPs)为设计平台构建高效催化体系.为此,首先从化学角度描述酶的结构特点以及要实现这些性质POPs的构建需求.然后举例介绍了使用POPs解决仿生催化相关的基本科学问题,并展示其巨大的应用潜力.最后,总结并提出了这个新兴领域面临的挑战和机遇.     

极性基团修饰金属有机框架材料吸附分离CO2的研究进展

基于从废气中脱除回收CO_2的迫切现实需求,通过对金属有机框架材料(MOFs)进行功能化修饰,构筑具有高容量、高选择性CO_2吸附的耐水MOFs材料成为当前的研究热点。本文首先对MOFs材料的高压CO_2吸附进行了简单的介绍;进而,针对实际工业应用中低压条件下的CO_2捕集,对作为调节MOFs材料CO_2低压吸附分离性能的有效手段的含氮以及杂原子极性基团修饰进行了综述。     

三维多孔碳/共价有机框架材料自支撑电极用于多巴胺电化学传感分析

通过简单的水热法使二苯甲酸二肼和1,3,5-三(对甲酰基苯基)苯发生氨醛缩合反应,合成了一种新的共价有机框架材料(COFTFPB-TDF).将COFTFPB-TDF生长到三维多孔碳(3D-KSC)上,得到3D-KSC/COFTFPB-TDF自支撑电极,采用扫描电子显微镜进行结构表征,结果表明,3D-KSC/COFTFP...     

金属有机框架材料的制备及在吸附分离CO2中的应用

金属有机框架（MOFs）材料是当今的研究热点之一,是一类颇有潜力成为适用于CO₂吸附和分离的重要材料。本文从MOFs的发展及其所具有的特点、MOFs用于CO₂的吸附与分离所取得的突破性进展以及MOFs的传统合成及绿色制备方法三个方面展开论述。主要论述了MOFs适用于CO₂吸附的原理,及其相对于传统的CO₂吸附材料所具有的特点和优势,亦阐述了MOFs修饰与调变的方法。列出了MOFs用于单组分CO₂吸附及CO₂/CH₄、CO₂/N₂吸附分离的结果。同时,针对传统MOFs制备方法不适宜大规模CO₂捕集材料的生产,特别论述了机械化学合成法和新兴的潮湿矿物风化法,其均具有绿色化、无溶剂、低能耗和简单等特点,是一类较有研究价值和应用潜力的技术。随着温室效应和不可再生石化燃料的消耗等环境和能源问题的日趋严峻,研究及开发适用于CO₂捕集与封存技术的MOFs新材料迫在眉睫,且任重而道远。     

三维四嗪基多孔共价有机骨架材料的合成及其吸附性能（英文）

通过半刚性单体四(4-氰基氧甲基)甲烷(T-4-CPMM)和水合肼在单质硫催化下发生聚合反应,成功合成了四嗪基三维多孔共价有机骨架材料Tzc-COF-1(1).这是首例使用半刚性单体制备多孔共价有机骨架材料.此外,还研究了该化合物的热稳定性及其气体的吸附性质.     

From Discrete Molecular Cages to a Network of Cages Exhibiting Enhanced CO2 Adsorption Capacity

We have adopted the concept of “cage to frameworks” to successfully produce a Na–N connected coordination networked cage Na‐NC1 by using a [3+6] porous imine‐linked organic cage NC1 (Nanjing Cage 1) as the precursor. It is found that Na‐NC1 exhibits hierarchical porosity (inherent permanent voids and interconnected channel) and gas sorption measurements reveal a significantly enhanced CO₂ uptake (1093 cm³ g⁻¹ at 23 bar and 273 K) than that of NC1 (162 cm³ g⁻¹ under the same conditions). In addition, Na‐NC1 exhibits very low CO₂ adsorption enthalpy making it a good candidate for porous materials with both high CO₂ storage and low adsorption enthalpy.     

Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: from Discrete Molecular Catalysts to Their Integrated Catalytic Materials

Molecular catalysts (metal complexes), with molecularly defined uniform active sites and atomically precise structural tailorability allowing for regulating catalytic performance through metal- and ligand-centered engineering and elucidating reaction mechanisms via routine photoelectrochemical characterizations, have been increasingly explored for electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (ECR). However, their poor stability and low catalytic current density are undesirable for practical applications. Heterogenizing discrete molecular catalysts can potentially surmount these issues, and the resulting integrated catalysts largely share catalytical properties with their discrete molecular counterparts, which bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and combine their advantages. This minireview surveys advances in design and regulation of molecular catalysts such as porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and bipyridine-based metal complexes and their integrated catalytic materials for selective ECR.     

Polyelectrolyte‐Assisted Formation of Molecular Nanoparticles Exhibiting Strongly Enhanced Fluorescence

A polyelectrolyte‐assisted reprecipitation method is developed to fabricate nanoparticles of highly soluble molecules. The approach is demonstrated by using a zwitterionic diaminodicyanoquinodimethane molecule bearing remote ammonium functionalities with high solubility in water as well as organic solvents. Nanoparticles are prepared by injecting aqueous solutions of this compound containing an optimum concentration of sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) into methanol. The strong fluorescence exhibited by the compound in the aggregated state is reflected in the enhanced fluorescence of the polyelectrolyte complex in water. The nanoparticles formed in the colloidal state manifest even stronger fluorescence, which leads to an overall enhancement by about 90 times relative to aqueous solutions of the pure compound. The conditions for achieving the emission enhancement are optimized and a model for the molecular‐level interactions and aggregation effects is developed through a range of spectroscopy, microscopy, and calorimetry investigations and control experiments.     

Mean Residence Time of CO2 Molecules in Flexible ZIF-8 Cages Explored by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The adsorption sites and diffusion mechanism of CO2 molecules in the flexible Zn（MeIM）2 （MeIM=2-methylimidazole） （ZIF-8） have been investigated by grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. A reasonable time correlation function is for the first time constructed to explore the mean residence time of CO2 molecules in the ZIF-8 cages, suggesting that C02 molecules can remain in the same cage for up to several tens of picoseconds. Furthermore, we find that the mean residence time almost linearly increases with the increasing pressure （or loading） at 273 and 298 K.     

A Versatile CuII Metal–Organic Framework Exhibiting High Gas Storage Capacity with Selectivity for CO2: Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Carbonate and Other Catalytic Abilities

A linear tetracarboxylic acid ligand, H₄L, with a pendent amine moiety solvothermally forms two isostructural metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) L_M (M=Zn^II, Cu^II). Framework L_Cu can also be obtained from L_Zn by post‐ synthetic metathesis without losing crystallinity. Compared with L_Zn , the L_Cu framework exhibits high thermal stability and allows removal of guest solvent and metal‐bound water molecules to afford the highly porous, L_Cu′ . At 77 K, L_Cu′ absorbs 2.57 wt % of H₂ at 1 bar, which increases significantly to 4.67 wt % at 36 bar. The framework absorbs substantially high amounts of methane (238.38 cm³ g^?1, 17.03 wt %) at 303 K and 60 bar. The CH₄ absorption at 303 K gives a total volumetric capacity of 166 cm³ (STP) cm^?3 at 35 bar (223.25 cm³ g^?1, 15.95 wt %). Interestingly, the NH₂ groups in the linker, which decorate the channel surface, allow a remarkable 39.0 wt % of CO₂ to be absorbed at 1 bar and 273 K, which comes within the dominion of the most famous MOFs for CO₂ absorption. Also, L_Cu′ shows pronounced selectivity for CO₂ absorption over CH₄, N₂, and H₂ at 273 K. The absorbed CO₂ can be converted to value‐added cyclic carbonates under relatively mild reaction conditions (20 bar, 120 °C). Finally, L_Cu′ is found to be an excellent heterogeneous catalyst in regioselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions (“click” reactions) and provides an efficient, economic route for the one‐pot synthesis of structurally divergent propargylamines through three‐component coupling of alkynes, amines, and aldehydes.     

From CO2 activation to catalytic reduction: a metal-free approach

Over exploitation of natural resources and human activities are relentlessly fueling the emission of CO₂ in the atmosphere. Accordingly, continuous efforts are required to find solutions to address the issue of excessive CO₂ emission and its potential effects on climate change. It is imperative that the world looks towards a portfolio of carbon mitigation solutions, rather than a single strategy. In this regard, the use of CO₂ as a C1 source is an attractive strategy as CO₂ has the potential to be a great asset for the industrial sector and consumers across the globe. In particular, the reduction of CO₂ offers an alternative to fossil fuels for various organic industrial feedstocks and fuels. Consequently, efficient and scalable approaches for the reduction of CO₂ to products such as methane and methanol can generate value from its emissions. Accordingly, in recent years, metal-free catalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach because of the mild reaction conditions by which CO₂ can be reduced to various value-added products. The metal-free catalytic reduction of CO₂ offers the development of chemical processes with low cost, earth-abundant, non-toxic reagents, and low carbon-footprint. Thus, this perspective aims to present the developments in both the reduction and reductive functionalization chemistry of CO₂ during the last decade using various metal-free catalysts.

This review article documents the key developments in the metal-free catalytic reduction of CO₂ into various energy intensive chemicals and fuels, and reductive functionalization of CO₂ for the formation of new C–N bonds.     

Selective CO2 Adsorption in a Supramolecular Organic Framework

Considering the rapidly rising CO₂ level, there is a constant need for versatile materials which can selectively adsorb CO₂ at low cost. The quest for efficient sorptive materials is still on since the practical applications of conventional porous materials possess certain limitations. In that context, we designed, synthesized, and characterized two novel supramolecular organic frameworks based on C‐pentylpyrogallol[4]arene (PgC₅) with spacer molecules, such as 4,4′‐bipyridine (bpy). Highly optimized and symmetric intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the main building blocks and comparatively weak van der Waals interactions between solvent molecules and PgC₅ leads to the formation of robust extended frameworks, which withstand solvent evacuation from the crystal lattice. The evacuated framework shows excellent affinity for carbon dioxide over nitrogen and adsorbs ca. 3 wt % of CO₂ at ambient temperature and pressure.     

A CO Adsorption Site Change Induced by Copper Substitution in a Ruthenium Catalyst for Enhanced CO Oxidation Activity

Ru is an important catalyst in many types of reactions. Specifically, Ru is well known as the best monometallic catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) and has been practically used in residential fuel cell systems. However, Ru is a minor metal, and the supply risk often causes violent fluctuations in the price of Ru. Performance‐improved and cost‐reduced solid‐solution alloy nanoparticles of the Cu‐Ru system for CO oxidation are now presented. Over the whole composition range, all of the Cu_xRu_1?x nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced CO oxidation activities, even at 70 at % of inexpensive Cu, compared to Ru nanoparticles. Only 5 at % replacement of Ru with Cu provided much better CO oxidation activity, and the maximum activity was achieved by 20 at % replacement of Ru by Cu. The origin of the high catalytic performance was found as CO site change by Cu substitution, which was investigated using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and theoretical calculations.     

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of iron amino porphyrins using a flow cell for reduction of CO2 to CO

The flexibility of molecular catalysts is highly coveted for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) in both homogeneous a...