时间非对称外力驱动分数阶布朗马达的定向输运

本文研究了周期对称势中时间非对称外力驱动的布朗粒子输运现象, 建立了分数阶布朗马达输运模型. 其中外力是零均值的, 而分数阶阶数则刻画了客观环境的非均匀性程度. 通过将模型离散化进行数值模拟, 讨论了分数阶阶数、系统参量和外部参量与定向流之间的依赖关系. 研究表明, 即使没有倾斜势场的作用, 时间非对称外力也可以诱导系统产生定向输运; 输运速度随分数阶阶数的增大而单调递增; 当阶数固定时, 系统的输运速度会随着势垒高度、噪声强度非单调变化, 表现出广义随机共振现象. 分析指出, 分数阶郎之万方程所刻画的输运现象是在整数阶模型基础上的一个推广, 进而为输运现象提供了一个可能更为真实的模型.     

分数阶非对称耦合系统在对称周期势中的定向输运

在没有外力且周期势对称的情况下,对非对称耦合粒子链的运动,以具备更强刻画能力的分数阶微积分理论建立了分数阶模型,对其定向输运现象进行针对性研究,采用分数阶差分法进行数值求解并分析系统参数对定向输运速度的影响.相应仿真表明,分数阶非对称耦合系统在没有外力和噪声驱动的情况下仍能产生定向输运,且输运速度随阶数的增大而增大;当阶数固定时,粒子链平均速度随耦合强度和势垒高度非单调变化;当系统存在噪声时,粒子链平均速度出现了广义随机共振现象,且通过调节其他参数,可使得系统对噪声免疫甚至使噪声促进定向输运.     

分数阶布朗马达在闪烁棘齿势中的合作输运现象

引入分数阶微积分理论,建立耦合分数阶布朗马达在闪烁棘齿势中的合作输运模型, 利用分数阶差分法求得模型数值解并分析了模型参数对合作定向输运性质的影响. 发现在具有记忆性的分数阶棘齿系统中, 系统阶数与粒子间耦合强度不仅可影响粒子链输运速度, 还可使粒子链出现与整数阶方向相反的定向流; 在阶数固定下, 定向输运速度将随参数(噪声强度、耦合强度、棘齿势峰值高度)变化出现广义随机共振现象. 关键词： 分数阶布朗马达 闪烁棘齿势 合作定向输运 广义随机共振     

带反馈的分数阶耦合布朗马达的定向输运

研究具有幂律记忆性的带反馈耦合布朗马达的定向输运现象, 引入分数阶理论, 建立了带反馈的分数阶耦合布朗马达模型, 利用分数阶差分法求得模型数值解并分析了模型参数对合作定向输运性质的影响. 仿真结果表明, 系统的记忆性通过影响带反馈的棘齿势的打开和闭合而影响粒子的定向输运, 即当系统的阶数在较小的范围内, 系统的记忆性会使带反馈的棘齿势的开关频率增加, 从而增大定向流速; 当系统其他参数(势垒高度、噪声强度等)固定时, 输运速度随着阶数的变化出现广义随机共振现象.     

耦合分数阶布朗马达在非对称势中的输运

讨论了分数阶Frenkel-Kontorova模型的物理意义, 并应用该模型刻画了耦合粒子链在记忆性介质中的输运现象, 研究了各参数对粒子链运动状态的影响. 数值仿真结果表明: 系统的记忆性对粒子链的运动有显著影响, 尤其出现了在非记忆性情况下所不具有的反向流. 同时发现粒子链的平均流速会随耦合强度、分数阶的阶数变化而产生广义共振; 此外, 平均流速还会随噪声强度的变化出现广义随机共振现象. 关键词： 分数阶Frenkel-Kontorova模型 记忆性介质 随机共振 定向输运反向流     

涨落作用下周期驱动的分数阶过阻尼棘轮模型的混沌输运现象

考虑涨落作用下周期驱动的过阻尼分数阶棘轮模型, 通过模型的数值求解, 研究确定性棘轮的混沌特性与噪声的作用对输运行为的影响, 进而讨论过阻尼分数阶分子马达反向输运的机理. 分析表明: 随着势垒高度、 势不对称性与模型记忆性的变化, 随机棘轮的反向输运并不必然地要求确定性棘轮也反向输运; 随着模型阶数的减小, 亦即分数阻尼介质记忆性的增强, 确定性棘轮在反向输运之前会经历一个周期倍化导致的混沌状态, 但在噪声作用下, 反向流的发生会提前, 即混沌状态的确定性棘轮在噪声的作用下即可进行反向输运. 也就是说, 噪声能定性地改变棘轮的输运状态: 从无噪声时的混沌运动到有噪声时的定向输运. 这是过阻尼随机棘轮反向输运的一种机理, 也是噪声在定向输运过程中发挥积极作用的一个体现.     

分数阶Brown马达及其定向输运现象

选取幂函数作为广义Langevin方程的阻尼核函数,采用闪烁棘轮势,建立了过阻尼分数阶Brown马达模型.结合分数阶微积分的记忆性,分析了粒子在过阻尼分数阶Brown马达作用下的运动特性.研究发现,较之整数阶情形,过阻尼分数阶Brown马达也会产生定向输运现象,并且在某些阶数下会产生整数阶情形所不具有的反向定向流.此外,还讨论了阶数和噪声强度对系统输运速度的影响,发现当阶数固定时,其平均输运速度会随噪声变化出现随机共振;当噪声强度固定时,其输运速度会随阶数变化而振荡,即出现多峰的广义随机共振现象.     

摩擦不对称耦合布朗马达的定向输运

本文研究了耦合布朗马达在溶液摩擦对称性破缺条件下的定向输运问题.详细讨论了溶液阻尼系数比,周期外力以及耦合作用对布朗粒子定向输运的影响.研究发现:溶液摩擦的不对称性不仅能促进摩擦棘轮的定向输运,且合适的溶液阻尼系数比还可以使耦合棘轮的定向输运达到最强.此外,一定摩擦阻尼条件下外力振幅可以使耦合粒子的定向输运呈现多峰结构.研究还发现合适的自由长度和耦合强度也能增强摩擦棘轮的输运特性.研究结果不仅能够启发实验上选取合适的摩擦阻尼来优化布朗马达的输运,也可为信息容量大、反应速度快的纳米器件的制备提供一定的理论参考.     

线性过阻尼分数阶Langevin方程的共振行为

通过将广义Langevin方程中的系统内噪声建模为分数阶高斯噪声,推导出分数阶Langevin方程, 其分数阶导数项阶数由系统内噪声的Hurst指数所确定.讨论了处于强噪声环境下的线性过阻尼分数阶 Langevin方程在周期信号激励下的共振行为,利用Shapiro-Loginov公式和Laplace变换, 推导了系统响应的一、二阶稳态矩和稳态响应振幅、方差的解析表达式.分析表明,适当参数下, 系统稳态响应振幅和方差随噪声的某些特征参数、周期激励信号的频率及系统部分参数的变化出现了 广义的随机共振现象.     

分数阶双头分子马达的欠扩散输运现象

研究具有幂律记忆性的细胞液中双头分子马达的定向输运现象,选取幂函数作为广义Langevin方程的阻尼核函数,建立了分数阶过阻尼耦合Brown马达模型,讨论了阶数及耦合系数对双头分子马达定向输运速度的影响. 仿真结果表明,分数阶过阻尼双头分子马达也会产生定向输运现象,并且在某些阶数下会产生整数阶情形所不具有的反向定向流. 当噪声强度固定时,输运速度随着阶数以及耦合系数的变化均会出现广义随机共振现象. 特别地,研究发现双头分子马达在记忆闪烁棘轮势中具有某些单头分子马达所不具备的运动特性,定向流的大小和方向由噪声与双头间作用力相互耦合控制. 关键词： 分数阶双头分子马达 欠扩散 定向输运 广义随机共振     

具有一维Coulomb型对称势Dirac方程的精确解

在标量势大于矢量势的情况下,一维Dirac方程的束缚态能级是二重简并的.任意两个不同能量本征值的波函数和同一能量本征值的两个波函数都是相互正交的.对于纯标量场,存在零能量束缚态,存在分数电荷 关键词： Coulomb型对称势 Dirac方程 束缚态 分数电荷     

Directed transport of coupled systems in symmetric periodic potentials

In this paper, we discuss the damped unidirectional motions of a coupled lattice in a periodic potential. Each particle in the lattice is subject to a time-periodic ac force. Our studies reveal that a directed transport process can be observed when the ac forces acting on the coupled lattice have a phase shift (mismatch). This directed motion is a collaboration of the coupling, the substrate potential, and the periodic force, which are all symmetric. The absence of any one of these three factors will not give rise to a directed current. We discuss the complex relations between the directed current and parameters in the system. Results in this paper can be accomplished in experiments. Moreover,our results can be generalized to the studies of directed transport processes in more complicated spatially extended systems.     

Stochastic resonance in periodic potentials driven by colored noise

We studied the motion of an underdamped Brownian particle in a periodic potential subject to a harmonic excitation and a colored noise. The average input energy per period and the phase lag are calculated to quantify the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR). The numerical results show that most of the out-of-phase trajectories make a transition to the in-phase state as the temperature increases. And the colored noise delays the transitions between these two dynamical states. The each curve of the average input energy per period and the phase lag versus the temperature exist a mono peak and SR appears in this system. Moreover, the optimal temperature where the SR occurs becomes larger and the region of SR grows wider as the correlation time of colored noise increases.     

Fuzzy auto-tuning PID control of multiple joint robot driven by ultrasonic motors

A three-joint robot is directly driven by ultrasonic motors with advantage of high torque at low speed. The speed of the ultrasonic motors is actually controlled by regulating their operating frequencies. The kinematic and kinetic analyses of the robot have been carried out using Adams. Due to the lack of accurate control model of ultrasonic motors and the time-varying motor parameters, a fuzzy auto-tuning proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for the robot is experimented, in which a simple method to tune parameters of the PID type fuzzy controller on-line is developed and a new position–speed feedback strategy is proposed and implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and fuzzy logic controller is verified by experimental investigation.     

Time-like geodesic structure of a spherically symmetric black hole in the brane-world

Recently Malihe Heydari-Fard obtained a spherically symmetric exterior black hole solution in the brane-world scenario, which can be used to explain the galaxy rotation curves without postulating dark matter. By analysing the particle effective potential, we have investigated the time-like geodesic structure of the spherically symmetric black hole in the brane-world. We mainly take account of how the cosmological constant α and the stellar pressure β affect the time-like geodesic structure of the black hole. We find that the radial particle falls to the singularity from a finite distance or plunges into the singularity, depending on its initial conditions. But the non-radial time-like geodesic structure is more complex than the radial case. We find that the particle moves on the bound orbit or stable (unstable) circle orbit or plunges into the singularity, or reflects to infinity, depending on its energy and initial conditions. By comparing the particle effective potential curves for different values of the stellar pressure β and the cosmological constant α, we find that the stellar pressure parameter β does not affect the time-like geodesic structure of the black hole, but the cosmological constant α has an impact on its time-like geodesic structure.     

Dynamics of cooperative transport by multiple kinesin motors and diffusing microtubule-associated proteins

In eukaryote cells, cargos are often transported cooperatively by kinesin motors and nonmotor microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The prior in vitro experimental data showed that the velocity of the cargo transported by kinesin motors and Ndc80 (a member of MAP) proteins of truncated coiled-coil stalks decreases sensitively with the increase of the ratio of Ndc80 to motor number. However, the underlying mechanism of Ndc80 affecting sensitively the cooperative cargo transport by kinesin motors is unclear. To understand the mechanism, here we study numerically the cooperative cargo transport by kinesin motors and Ndc80 proteins. Our results showed that for the case of the motors and Ndc80 proteins with truncated short stalks, as used in the experiments, the calculated results reproduce quantitatively the prior experimental data. The mechanism of the cargo velocity decreasing sensitively with the ratio of Ndc80 to motor number is revealed. By contrast, for the case of the motors and Ndc80 proteins with full-length long stalks, the velocity of the cargo decreases slowly with the increase in the ratio of Ndc80 to kinesin number. Our results thus give an explanation of why the kinesin motors working in the cell have long stalks.