第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛有机化学实验试题解析

介绍了第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛有机化学实验操作试题的命题思路,并对实验中存在的问题及成绩进行了分析。     

化学实验操作的实效性在中考试题中的有效考查

化学是一门以化学实验为基础的自然科学,化学实验试题主要从2个方面考查学生的化学科学素养,一是化学基本理论知识,二是化学实验操作。化学实验在中考题中占有很大的比例,从实验分值占大部分的客观性试题发展到现在分值占大部分的主观性试题,充分体现了考试主要是考查学生的思维能力,培养创新型的人才,而不是培养单纯凭记忆等解决问题的人才。在化学中考试题中如何真正体现学生的创新能力,这就要对化学实验操作的实效性进行有效的考查。     

第11届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验试题评析与思考

介绍了第11届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验操作试题的命题思路,并对实验中存在的问题及成绩进行了总结分析。     

第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学实验试题解析

介绍了第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛无机及分析化学实验操作试题的命题思路,总结实验成绩,分析实验操作考试中存在的主要问题。     

加强初三学生实验操作技能的训练

以往的初中化学考试基本以笔试形式、化学实验部分内容的考试,也是以书面形式考查认知领域的知识为主。1995年我市为了落实新教材课程标准的目标,发挥化学实验的教育、教学作用,全面提高学生的素质,在初三毕业班进行全市统一的实验操作考试。这是我市改革化学教学的重大举措之一。这次实验操作考试,要求学生在会考前对所要求初步学会、学会的实验操作进行全面复习。在此基础上确定A、B二套试题,学生各抽签做其中的一题。从试题来看还是以基本实验操作为主,如固体、液体药品的取用;滴管的使用。蒸发操作,酸碱指示剂的使用等。从我…     

第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学实验试题解析

对第12届全国大学生化学实验邀请赛物理化学实验操作考试试题命题、考试情况进行了总结,并对实验竞赛过程中反映出的当前实验教学所存在的问题进行了分析。     

化学实验操作考查能否得到可信的评价结果——以初三物质鉴别实验为例

以内地新疆高中班预科学生完成初三化学课程中3种固体粉末的鉴别实验为例,了解实验操作考查的评分者间信度的具体情况和影响因素。在本研究中,2位评分者的评分有较大的差异和较低的一致性,评分者间信度较低。试题的复杂性、监考学生的人数、评分标准的设计、评分者对评分标准的理解这4方面影响着评分者间信度。建议实验操作考查组织者控制监考学生的人数,加强评分者的培训工作,真正发挥实验操作考查的评价功能。     

浙江省1989年高中证书会考化学实验操作考查试卷

考生须知1.每个考生在本试卷的六个实验试题中,只需完成其中一个试题;2.考生做哪一试题,在考前由考生抽签确定或教师指定;3.每人一桌,独立操作,在15分钟内完成实验并交卷。     

福建省首届大学生化学实验邀请赛有机化学实验解析

介绍了福建省首届大学生化学实验邀请赛有机化学实验的命题思路、试题及评分规则,并对实验成绩及实验中存在的问题进行了总结分析。     

高考化学实验试题的创意与设计

本文通过分析近几年高考化学实验试题命题的选材及创意的特点,提出了高考化学实验试题装置、操作创新设计的基本要求,并以启普发生器反应器的设计、防止液体倒吸发生装置的设计、测量气体体积装置的设计、喷泉实验装置的设计、具有特殊作用的实验改进装置的设计、Fe(OH) 2 的制备操作装置的设计为例剖析了高考实验命题与解题的思路。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.