高职有机化学课程混合教学模式的构建与实践

针对当前高职院校基础课程教学面临的难题,以及有机化学课程的特点,以精品课程为依托,研究构建了有机化学课程的混合教学模式,采用在线学习和课堂教学相结合的方式实施翻转课堂教学,使课堂教学模式由"以教为主"转变为"以学为主",同时根据高职院校学生的特点,采用问题式学习任务单的方式和组长负责制的分组学习模式,以保证教学质量,旨在推动高职院校专业基础课程教育理念和教学模式的改革。     

高职扩招背景下食品化学混合式教学设计的重构与实践*

在全国高职院校扩大招生背景下,高职院校的扩招生表现出与统招生不同的学习特点和学习基础,根据扩招生的学情特点和课程标准,对已有混合式教学模式的食品化学课程,从课时设置、课前、课中、课后等几个方面重新进行教学设计和实施。利用线上学习成绩、线下课堂成绩、期末成绩等多维度评价理论课学习效果。结合调查问卷分析学生对混合式教学的评价,表明扩招生的学习自律性和主动性有明显提高,考试不及格率下降,学生对混合式教学的认同度也较高。通过教学重构力图达到教学形式灵活多样,培养标准不降低的目的,并培养学生良好的学习习惯,树立学好课程的信心。     

高职无机及分析化学实验教学改革探讨

简要阐述了高职院校无机及分析化学实验教学中存在的主体地位不突出、教学模式陈旧、师资力量薄弱、忽视职业素质培养等问题,提出转变教学思想、开展岗位调查、整合教学内容、改革教学策略、改进考核方法等具体的改革思路。认为高职无机及分析化学实验教学应以培养学生职业素质为核心。     

混合教学模式在有机化学课程教学中的应用

针对目前高职院校有机化学教学中面临的难题,本文以"羧酸"教学为例,探讨了混合教学模式在有机化学教学中的应用,采用在线学习和课堂教学相结合的方式实施翻转课堂教学,使课堂教学模式由"以教为主"转变为"以学为主",同时根据高职院校学生的特点,采用问题式学习任务单的方式和组长负责制的分组学习模式。实践证明,教学效果良好。     

基于地方高校转型发展的有机化学实验教学改革

基于有机化学实验教学的经验,结合地方性院校转型发展背景下应用型人才的培养目标,分析了实验教学过程中存在的主要问题,提出改革实验教学方法、课程考核体系、实验教学内容及实验室管理,探索科学有效的实验教学模式。     

后MOOC时期高职分析化学混合式教学模式构建

为了全面提高后MOOC时期的高职院校分析化学课程教学质量，提出了基于SPOC的分析化学课程混合式教学模式。首先分析了高职学生的特点和分析化学课程教学中的主要问题；然后根据基于SPOC的混合式教学模式构建流程，依次阐述了课程分析、整体设计、资源开发、教学过程和评价考核设计的原则与思路；最后探讨了基于翻转课堂的分析化学课程混合式教学环境与实施过程。     

高职院校分析化学课程建设的量化评价方法

为了解决高职院校分析化学课程建设的量化评价问题,首先分析了高职院校分析化学课程建设的主要内容,借鉴CIPP评价模式构建了高职分析化学课程建设的评价指标体系,并提出了一种运用模糊层次分析法和量子行为粒子群优化算法计算指标权重的方法;然后运用模糊综合评价法和MATLAB编程技术实现了高职分析化学课程建设成效的量化评价,实例结果表明了其精确、高效,具有一定的实用价值。     

基于实践能力培养的高职有机化学实验课程改革

从有机化学实验教学现状出发,探讨了高职院校基于实践能力培养的有机实验课程改革,对其相关岗位能力的分解、实验项目内容的构建、教学组织与实施及考核评价体系的建立进行了分析,并对教学实施过程中的教材编写及师资问题作了讨论。     

从知识传授到育人:高职“生活中的化学”教学实践*

深挖高职院校公选课“生活中的化学”的育人元素,精心设计教学内容,运用课堂主题辩论、趣味生活实验的设计与展示、探秘生活中的化学等理论知识传授与课内外实践相结合的教学方式,实现全过程育人,充分展现了公选课在立德树人方面的价值。     

提高化工类高职生自主创新能力的教学实践研究

按照高等教育的教学规律,说明了提高高职生自主创新能力的必要性,并进行了提高化工专业高职生自主创新能力的教学实践,探讨了在高职院校进行创新能力培养的教学经验.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。