利用离子交换树脂探究浓度对化学平衡的影响

利用花青素以及重铬酸钾溶液的可逆反应,通过添加阳离子交换树脂,在不改变溶液中其他物质浓度的条件下,探究浓度对化学平衡的影响.实验仪器简单、试剂易得、现象明显且用时较短,能够作为课堂演示实验或学生实验,为课堂教学提供真实情镜与探究案例.     

二氧化硫系列演示实验的设计

二氧化硫具有漂白性、还原性、氧化性以及其水溶液具有酸性。在化学教学中 ,一般的演示方法存在如下不足 :(1)药品用量多 ,造成浪费。 (2 )使用仪器多 ,装置冗杂 ,操作麻烦。 (3)实验时间长 ,影响教学进程。 (4)实验过程中有二氧化硫、硫化氢气体逸散 ,造成教学环境污染 ,影响师生健康。下面介绍笔者自己设计的一种密闭式二氧化硫系列演示实验装置及其操作步骤。1　实验用品无水亚硫酸钠、浓硫酸、0 1%品红溶液、1%高锰酸钾的酸性溶液、30 %硫化钠溶液、5 %氢氧化钠溶液、蓝色石蕊试纸、滤纸条、脱脂棉、2 0× 2 0 0ｍｍ大试管、球形干燥管…     

介绍一种研究电解质电离及离子性质的实验装置

在中学讲授电解质溶液导电及电解时,总要给学生讲解:电解质溶液之所以能够导电,是由于溶液里有能够自由移动的离子,通电后,在电场的作用下,这些自由移动的离子作定向移动,阴离子向阳极移动,阳离子向阴极移动。为了讲授这些知识,建议配合以下演示实验,这样学生就更容易理解和掌握。     

组合法在化学实验创新中的运用——铜与硝酸反应的实验

针对教材中铜与浓稀硝酸演示实验存在反应过于剧烈无法控制、出现倒吸现象、反应缓慢及有毒气体外逸等不足,运用主体附加组合法,设计带支管和玻璃漏槽的分液漏斗、带支管的硼硅酸盐圆底烧瓶等仪器组合成新的演示装置,并达到仪器简约化、操作简捷化、现象可视化、过程环保化、体验艺术化等效果,有效达成“以实验创新促进素养发展”的实验教学导向。     

基于逆向思维的化学实验创新研究

在分析常规实验的基础上,发现问题或不足,基于逆向思维进行创新改进。通过药品加入顺序的倒置、实验仪器或实验环境的倒置操作、逆向分析实验结论等,创新改进制备氢氧化亚铁沉淀,盐酸滴定NaHCO3溶液,利用发光二极管判断原电池正负极,反转实验环境改进焰色反应,逆向分析水的组成等实验。     

简易"纯水导电检测仪"的制作

化学是一门以实验为基础的学科。课堂教学中 ,演示实验是课堂教学的重要组成部分。它不仅直观、容易理解、说服力强 ,而且可以调动学生积极思维 ,激发学生的学习兴趣。多年来 ,无机化学教材中 ,在讲述“水的电离”时 ,常提到“通常认为纯水不导电 ,但用精密仪器测定时 ,发现水有微弱的导电性……”。这部分内容没有演示实验 ,不仅教师讲授觉得空洞 ,学生也很难理解。由于各方面条件的限制 ,一般学校没有这种精密的仪器 ,为了满足教学上的需要 ,我们自制了简易的纯水导电检测仪。简易纯水导电检测仪取材容易 ,成本低廉 ,制作简单 ,容易操作 ,…     

对“验证提取海带中的碘元素”实验的改进与创新

将演示实验"验证提取海带中的碘元素"改为分组实验,采用灰化法用蒸馏水常温浸泡海带灰,使用废旧饮料瓶自制加压过滤器,利用棉签、点滴板(或瓶盖)、废旧眼药水瓶进行微型实验,并用反萃法对所得碘的有机溶液进行回收处理,所需仪器和药品主要来自于生活,在中学化学实验的家庭化、微型化与绿色化方面进行了有益的尝试。     

离子的本性对溶液导电能力的影响

借助电导率传感器探究向硫酸氢钠溶液中滴入氢氧化钡溶液时溶液导电能力的变化,并对实验结果进行理论分析与解释：电解质溶液的导电能力由离子本性决定,受离子浓度等影响。     

微型电解质溶液导电试验装置

中学化学课本电解质溶液导电性试验,是用220V交流电源。这样做演示实验有不足之处：一是不安全。二是由于电压太高,做强、弱电解质溶液的导电性试验时,灯泡的亮度难以区别。三是教室里没有安装电源的农村学校不能做。若用干电池做电源,弱电解质溶液的导电性微弱小电珠不亮。我通过多次试验,安装成微型电解质溶液导电试验装置。     

利用注射器设计氨气喷泉实验

利用注射器对氨气的喷泉实验进行了小型化设计,可连续进行氨气的制取与收集、氨气的性质和喷泉等实验演示,能够多次重复实验而不需拆装仪器及清洗干燥。使制取氨气时生成气体的量更容易控制,实验过程更加简便易行,节省药品,降低污染。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.