共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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从2003年起至今,北京师范大学化学教育研究团队围绕“原子结构与元素性质”主题开展了跨越初中、高中必修、高中选择性必修的模型建构教学探索,涉及原子的构成微粒及空间分布、核外电子的运动状态、核外电子的排布规律以及元素性质等不同子主题。在这些教学探索中,梳理和还原了科学家解决问题的过程,对科学家所做实验进行再现、模拟,依据科学家在基于实验证据建构原子结构模型时的推理论证过程设计并指导学生开展模型建构活动,使学生理解、评价或参与模型建构的过程,促进学生建模能力和科学本质观的形成与发展。 相似文献
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主要使用李克特式量表问卷测查了256名中学化学教师的模型认识与模型教学观的结构与水平,并使用结构方程模型进一步探查化学模型认识与模型教学观的关系。结果表明:(1)化学教师对化学模型的描述与解释功能以及模型的暂定性具有较好的认识,但对模型预测功能认识不足;(2)化学教师在模型教学中倾向于使用模型描述、解释或预测化学现象,并且较认可以学生为中心的模型教学,但缺乏对模型暂定性的反思;(3)化学教师的模型认识基本上可预测其模型教学观,如关于模型功能的认识能显著预测其模型教学观。文末据此为我国化学教师培训及其研究提出相关建议。 相似文献
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在阐释模型分类、模型功能和建模学习的意义的基础上,以“浓度对化学反应速率的影响”之学习过程设计为例,说明在化学教学中通过确立建模目标、模型参数选择、模型建构及表征、分析、评价、调用、重构等活动,可有效提升学生心智模型与表达模型的内在一致性和有效性,促进学生对化学知识的有效探究和深度理解。 相似文献
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针对聚合物流变学多学科交叉性以及较强的理论性和实践性的特点,结合作者的教学实践,总结了在聚合物流变学教学中的几点体会。提出在该门功课讲授过程中注重教学内容与教学方法的形象化,培养学生的学习兴趣;通过开设实验课,放映实践过程录像、图片等形式将理论与实践结合的教学方法,消除学生学习该门课程的抽象感。此外,通过教学实例提出在... 相似文献
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高等师范院校“化学史”教学的探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
“化学史”是高等师范院校为化学(教育)专业学生开设的一门专业选修课,但长期以来对于该门课程的教学研究不够重视。经过近几年的教学实践,在“化学史”教学过程中采用分段教学与过程评价,即参与型教学、学生试讲、学生论文及学生过程评价,取得了较好的教学效果。 相似文献
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Wire-Arc Spray Modeling 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A model is presented describing the details of the wire-arc spray process. The model consists of several submodels each treating a different part of the process. A compressible flow model describes the supersonic nozzle flow upstream of the wire tips. The arc is described by a 3-D arc in cross-flow model using different boundary conditions for the cathode and the anode boundary. The resulting temperature and velocity contours serve as upstream boundary for a 2-D turbulent jet model. Particle generation and acceleration is described by treating the initial droplet formation for the anode and the cathode wire separately and then using the resulting particle size and velocity distributions in a secondary break-up model. Comparison with some experimental results show acceptable agreement. This modeling approach may be used for optimization of wire-arc spray equipment. 相似文献
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Polanski J Bak A Gieleciak R Magdziarz T 《Journal of chemical information and modeling》2006,46(6):2310-2318
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) is a term describing a variety of approaches that are of substantial interest for chemistry. This method can be defined as indirect molecular design by the iterative sampling of the chemical compounds space to optimize a certain property and thus indirectly design the molecular structure having this property. However, modeling the interactions of chemical molecules in biological systems provides highly noisy data, which make predictions a roulette risk. In this paper we briefly review the origins for this noise, particularly in multidimensional QSAR. This was classified as the data, superimposition, molecular similarity, conformational, and molecular recognition noise. We also indicated possible robust answers that can improve modeling and predictive ability of QSAR, especially the self-organizing mapping of molecular objects, in particular, the molecular surfaces, a method that was brought into chemistry by Gasteiger and Zupan. 相似文献
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This study is the first step in the systematic investigation of substituted (carboxyl) polystyrene nanoparticles. Understanding the fundamental interactions between the p-carboxyl styrene monomers, where an ethyl group is used instead of a vinyl group (referenced, for convenience, as "p-carboxyl styrene"), provides the basic information needed to construct potentials for nanoparticles composed of these monomers. In this work, low-energy isomers of p-carboxyl styrene dimer were studied. The dimer structures and their relative and binding energies were determined using both M?ller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2) and the general effective fragment potential (EFP2) method. Sections of the intermolecular potential energy surface (PES) of the p-carboxylated styrene dimer in its global minimum orientation were also determined. As expected, double hydrogen bonding between the two carboxylic groups provides the strongest interaction in this system, followed by isomers with a single H-bond and strong benzene ring-benzene ring (pi-pi) type interactions. Generally, the EFP2 method reproduces the MP2 geometries and relative energies with good accuracy, so it appears to be an efficient alternative to the correlated ab initio methods, which are too computationally demanding to be routinely used in the study of the more-complex polymeric systems of interest. 相似文献
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Alberto Senz De Buruaga Jose C. De La Cal Jose M. Asua 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1999,37(13):2167-2178
A mathematical model for inverse microemulsion polymerization has been developed. The model has been used to fit experimental results of the effect of initiator concentration, light intensity, emulsifier concentration, and dispersed phase weight fraction on the monomer conversion evolution, particle size, and polymer molecular weight in the inverse microemulsion polymerization of 2-methacryloyl oxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MADQUAT) initiated by UV light in the presence of AIBN. A good fitting of the experimental data was achieved. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2167–2178, 1999 相似文献
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Shiping Zhu 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1999,37(18):2692-2704
A kinetic model has been developed for stable free-radical polymerization (SFRP) processes by using the method of moments. This model predicts monomer conversion, number-average molecular weight, and polydispersity of molecular weight distribution. The effects of the concentrations of initiator, stable radical, and monomer, as well as the rate constants of initiation, propagation, termination, transfer, and the equilibrium constant between active and dormant species, are systematically investigated by using this model. It is shown that the ideal living-radical polymerization having a linear relationship between number-average molecular weight and conversion and a polydispersity close to unity is the result of fast initiation, slow propagation, absence of radical termination, and a high level of dormant species. Increasing stable radical concentration helps to reduce polydispersity but also decreases polymerization rate. Thermal initiation significantly broadens molecular weight distribution. Without the formation of dormant species, the model predicts a conventional free-radical polymerization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2692–2704, 1999 相似文献
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Anthony J. Guttmann Jesper L. Jacobsen Iwan Jensen Sanjay Kumar 《Journal of mathematical chemistry》2009,45(1):223-237
We study the conformations of polymer chains in a poor solvent, with and without bending rigidity, by means of a simple statistical
mechanics model. This model can be exactly solved for chains of length up to N = 55 using exact enumeration techniques. We analyze in detail the differences between the constant force and constant distance
ensembles for large but finite N. At low temperatures, and in the constant force ensemble, the force–extension curve shows multiple plateaus (intermediate
states), in contrast with the abrupt transition to an extended state prevailing in the N → ∞ limit. In the constant distance ensemble, the same curve provides a unified response to pulling and compressing forces,
and agrees qualitatively with recent experimental results. We identify a cross-over length, proportional to N, below which the critical force of unfolding decreases with temperature, while above, it increases with temperature. Finally,
the force–extension curve for stiff chains exhibits “saw-tooth” like behavior, as observed in protein unfolding experiments. 相似文献