高中化学双语教学微型课程的编制

基于所选学校的具体情况,以高中化学为例,将双语教学与微型课程相结合,制定出高中化学双语教学微型课程的理念和目标,遵循科学性、拓展性、文化交融和趣味性原则来遴选教材内容,通过多种方式精心组织教材内容,即通过第2主题统筹各章内容,尝试使用多种方式呈现化学史实,强调科学实验的积极作用,使用留白小问题引导学生用英文思考问题,重视文字图表排版及教材打印带来的阅读体验等。选择苏州某四星级高中实施了化学双语教学微型课程,并进行了课程的内在评价和效果评价。     

基础化学双语教学新模式的调查分析

针对目前我国大学基础化学双语教学中存在的师资、学生和教材等方面的问题,结合我校学生专业基础知识和外语水平等特点,提出了“专业基础扎实统一,外教拓展重点提高”的普通化学原理双语课程教学新模式。对我校近年来基础化学课程双语教学情况进行问卷调查研究,分析在双语教学过程中存在的一些问题,并提出切实可行的建议,不断思考、总结并探讨适合基础专业课程双语教学的合理定位与授课方法。     

化学计量学双语教学的实践与思考

在多年化学计量学双语教学实践的基础上,对双语教学中的若干问题进行了思考和总结。从教材建设与选择、教学方法、教学手段等多个方面,对化学计量学双语教学进行了深入的分析,提出了改进双语教学的方法。     

部分高校化学课程双语教学情况调查分析与思考

采用调查问卷的方式对22所已开展化学类课程双语教学高校的教师进行了调查。根据调查结果,从师资、课程、教学、教材和评估考核5个方面入手进行了分析,指出了目前双语教学中存在的一些问题。     

西部地区有机化学双语教学探索

在有机化学教学中实施双语教学,要根据本地区化学专业学生的实际情况以及有机化学的课程特点,选择合适的教学内容和教学方法。本文从教材、教学内容和教学方法的选择上谈一些对有机化学双语教学的认识和体会。     

利用新课程的教学理念、教学内容优化现行课堂设计——以“原电池的原理及其应用”一节为教学案例

本文对大纲化学教材(即全日制普通高级中学教科书《化学》必修加选修)第二册第四章第四节“原电池的原理及其应用”进行了教材分析,同时详细分析了学生已有经验以及在概念掌握不同阶段中学生对原电池概念应该掌握的具体内容,针对大纲化学教材对学生概念掌握的深刻性上存在的缺陷,参考山东科技出版社《化学反应原理》(选修)第1章第3节“化学能转化为电能———电池”,在新课程的教学理念指导下,采用基于探究的教学模式进行教学设计,旨在利用新课程的教学理念、教学内容优化现行课堂设计。通过教学实践证明,在化学概念教学中,利用新课程的教学理念、教学内容不会违背大纲教材的教学要求,相反有利于学生更深刻更透彻地掌握化学概念,有利于激发学生学习化学概念的兴趣,另外也有利于培养学生的探究意识、思考意识和合作意识。     

高中化学双语校本选修课初步研究

通过开设化学双语校本选修课,对高中化学双语教学进行了较为系统的研究和持续的实践,探索其规律与方法;研究初步达到了对高中学生化学双语学习能力培养的预期目的。通过理论研究和教学实践,对构建化学双语校本选修课程进行了系统的开发,为高中化学双语教学实践积累了经验。     

“原电池的工作原理”教学设计及课堂实录

对“原电池的工作原理”进行了教材分析、学情分析,在必修2学习的基础上,结合生活实际设计了4个教学环节：通过生活中的原电池和必修知识的复习,引出原电池原理;通过铜锌原电池的设计、分析,掌握单液原电池原理;从原电池的能量转化效率出发,学习双液原电池原理;利用原电池的形成条件,设计原电池。     

高分子化学双语教学的探索与体会

结合大学本科生高分子化学双语教学的体会,从双语教学的目标和意义、中英文教材的选择、双语教学授课模式及多媒体课件的制作、授课内容的调整与优化、双语教学方法的优化、双语教学效果的考核等方面,分析了本科生双语教学中应注意的几个重要环节,为提高高校本科生及研究生的双语授课教学水平提供参考与借鉴。     

化学藏汉双语教学现状调查及建议

对甘肃甘南藏族自治州中学化学藏汉双语教学现状进行调查研究,总结了在双语教学模式推进和功能体现等方面取得的成效,分析了存在的问题。化学教师双语教学能力需要提高;藏族学生的化学学习策略和学习方法制约着化学学习能力的提升;藏族中学所用化学教材对藏族学生而言难度较大,远离学生的成长环境和生活境遇,学习资源缺乏,使藏族学生遭遇语言经验和知识理解的双重难度;藏族中学化学实验条件和教师实验教学技能影响了实验教学的有效开展。由此提出促进化学藏汉双语教学的策略建议,以提升藏族学生的科学素养,培养“民汉兼通”的理科人才。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。