层状双金属氢氧化物及复合材料对放射性元素铀的吸附及机理研究

随着核工业的快速发展，大量放射性元素铀被排放到环境中，造成严重的环境污染并给人类健康带来重大危害.层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）因其具有比表面积大、离子交换能力强以及独特的纳米结构等优点，在铀酰离子的去除及环境水污染处理方面展现出巨大潜力.同时，将层状双金属氢氧化物进行改性可大大增加活性位点，进一步提高材料对放射性元素铀的吸附性能.详细介绍了层状双金属氢氧化物及复合材料的制备及改性方法，通过光谱分析技术阐述了层状双金属氢氧化物对环境中铀酰离子的吸附效果以及作用机理.最后，对层状双金属氢氧化物在治理水污染中的应用前景给出个人见解，以期为今后的环境治理工作的深入研究和实际应用提供参考依据.     

层状双金属氢氧化物及其应用

介绍层状双金属氢氧化物通过层板组成调节、层间阴离子交换、薄膜沉积及其剥离重组等获得的材料在酸碱催化、催化氧化及其他功能材料中的应用。     

层状稀土氢氧化物杂化发光材料研究进展

层状稀土氢氧化物(LRHs)是一类具有二维层状结构的新型无机层状功能材料.由于LRHs具有可变的组成、丰富的插层化学行为以及稀土离子特有的荧光性质等优点,因此是一种很有发展潜力的新型发光功能材料.本文综述了层状稀土氢氧化物杂化发光材料的研究进展,探讨了主客体间相互作用对其光物理性质及稳定性的影响,为实现层状稀土氢氧化物杂化发光材料在光学器件领域(LED照明和光纤维等)及生命分析领域的应用提供了重要的理论依据.     

层状双金属氢氧化物在绿色材料领域中的应用

层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)由于其特殊的二维平面层状结构和良好的生物兼容性(低毒性),可以和不同材料杂化形成生态环境友好的纳米复合材料,广泛应用在生物分子的贮存、药物输送载体、有机催化、环境污染物的吸附去除以及光、电、磁等方面。本文介绍了LDHs的结构、制备、性能以及在绿色材料领域的应用研究进展,并对LDHs在绿色材料领域的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于层状双金属氢氧化物的电化学生物传感器研究进展

层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）具有开放的二维平面结构和良好的生物相容性,是非常适合于将生物酶固定在电极表面用于生物传感器的主体材料。本文介绍了酶在LDHs材料上的固定方法,综述了近年来基于这类二维层状材料的各种电化学生物传感器的研究进展,讨论了不同类型生物传感器的设计原理和电子传递机理,并对LDHs在电化学生物传感领域...     

锌铝层状双金属氢氧化物焙烧物对钢筋的缓蚀作用研究

在空气气氛下合成了锌铝层状双金属氢氧化物(Zn-Al LDHs)和焙烧物(Zn-Al CLDHs),扫描电镜结果表明,所制得的双金属氢氧化物具有明显的层状结构. 文中研究了Zn-Al CLDHs 对钢筋的腐蚀保护效果,Zn-Al CLDHs固体在NaCl 溶液中浸泡处理3 h 后,钢筋的腐蚀速率显著降低. 实验证明,Zn-Al CLDHs 在结构重组过程中可吸收溶液中的Cl^-,同时释放出OH^-,改善腐蚀环境,有效抑制钢筋的腐蚀.     

层状双金属氢氧化物在电催化中的应用

在能源紧张和环境问题突出的今天,开发可再生的清洁能源和储能装置已引起研究者们的广泛关注。电催化及其催化材料在新能源开发和使用中起着举足轻重的作用。而二维层状材料因其具有较高的比表面积和独特的电子特性可作为很好的电极材料,在电催化和储能中应用广泛。其中,层状双金属氢氧化物(layered double hydroxides,LDHs)以其典型的层状结构特征,且价格低廉、合成方法简单并易于功能化、组成易于调控、结构可裁剪等优点在电催化及催化材料的制备中具有很好的发展前景。本文主要从LDHs作为阳极析氧反应(oxygen evolution reaction,OER)催化剂、电催化剂载体以及作为制备电催化剂的前驱体三个方面综述了层状双金属氢氧化物应用于电催化材料的研究进展,对调控LDHs材料的电子结构、形貌、界面相互作用以及与贵金属催化剂之间的协同催化等提高其催化性能作了相关阐述,并对以LDHs为前驱体制备电催化剂作了简要阐述。最后,对LDHs应用于电催化所存在的问题及前景进行了展望。     

插层材料ZnAl-LDHs的制备和应用

本文总结了锌铝层状双金属氢氧化物(ZnAl-LDHs)的基本制备方法,重点介绍了插层组装和层板剥离方面的最新进展,并阐述了ZnAl-LDHs在催化、医药、阴离子吸附和功能高分子方面的应用。     

层状双金属氢氧化物的剥离方法及其应用

层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)是由带结构正电荷的片层和层间阴离子有序组装而成的层状无机化合物, 近期其剥离研究受到关注. 剥离后的LDHs纳米片可被看做“无机高分子”, 具有纳米尺度的开放结构, 既可作为理论研究模型, 又可作为新型基元组装功能复合纳米结构或材料, 具有显著的应用潜力. 本文对LDHs的剥离方法、剥离产物的表征方法及其应用研究现状进行了综述, 并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

LDHs/碳复合纳米材料的催化性能研究进展

层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)是一类典型的结构可调的阴离子层状功能材料,直接或经焙烧、还原处理后可作为高活性、高稳定性、廉价的催化剂或催化剂载体应用到催化领域.碳纳米材料自身良好的力学、电学、化学性质使其可作为理想的功能组元构筑LDHs/碳复合纳米材料,进而增强催化性能.本文综述了由LDHs与碳材料构筑的复合纳米催化材料的设计、可控制备及其在电催化、光催化、催化加氢及氧化等多相催化领域的应用进展,并从材料的可控制备及应用方面讨论了LDHs/碳复合纳米材料在多相催化领域面临的挑战与发展前景.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.