仪器分析测试技术信息化教学探索与实践

针对高职学生的特点，以仪器分析测试技术课程实训教学为例，按照课前布置学习任务，学生翻转课堂学习，"教、学、做"一体化课堂教学，课后复习巩固的形式，开展信息化教学的探索与实践，并对信息化教学的效果和存在的问题进行了分析。通过信息化教学改革，仪器分析测试技术课程突破了传统教学时空的限制，激发了学生学习的兴趣，构建了"学生主体、教师主导"的教学新模式，提高了课堂教学效果，对推动高职课堂信息化教学的改革具有一定的借鉴意义。     

任务驱动模式在药物化学课堂内外教学中的应用

通过具体任务实例,分析如何利用任务驱动模式改变传统的药物化学教学方法,整合药物化学课堂内外教学,培养学生学习主动性。具体的任务实例包括：制作重点药物卡片、展开小专题教学、撰写读书报告等。教学实践表明,制作重点药物卡片既能提高课堂教学效率,又能巩固课堂教学成果;展开小专题教学能够激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生主动学习能力;撰写读书报告能够扩展课程容量。     

“互联网+”时代下雨课堂在现代仪器分析课程教学中的实践与探索*

从课前预习、课上教学与管理和课后分析与总结等方面探讨了雨课堂在现代仪器分析课程教学中的实践探索。教学实践表明,采用基于“互联网+”的雨课堂混合式教学模式,学生的学习能力提高,教师的教学水平提高,课程评价模式提升。学生问卷调查结果表明,95%以上的学生认可雨课堂教学。同时,分析了目前雨课堂在实施过程中遇到的问题,并提出改进意见。旨在为高校进一步推进基于“互联网+”的雨课堂混合式教学模式提供参考。     

案例教学与翻转学习结合提升物理化学教学质量

结合我校应用型人才培养方案和培养目标,通过改革物理化学课堂教学提高学生知识掌握能力和应用能力。在传统课堂的基础上,将案例教学结合在翻转学习的教学过程中,充分提高学生的学习积极性与主动性。以稀溶液的依数性为教学案例,阐述翻转学习与案例教学的实施过程。学生深度参与课堂、融入课堂并互动,师生之间在教学中达到共鸣,实现教学相长,从而提高物理化学教学质量。     

基于学生认识发展的集体备课背景下乙炔的同课异构

以集体备课为背景,实录了2位优秀教师关于"乙炔"的同课异构,通过对比分析,得出2位教师在教学理念、课堂导入形式、课堂内容的呈现顺序、课堂重点的把握、学生参与程度等5个维度的特色,由此得出青年教师应从3个方面把握课堂教学:利用学生已有认知构建教学过程;创设学习活动促进学生自我生成;发挥主观能动性培养学生自主学习能力。     

翻转课堂模式在化学证书考试辅导中的应用

将翻转课堂教学模式引入到化学证考试辅导中,实践表明,学生对翻转课堂的接受程度很高;学生认为教师提供的教学视频对其课前学习是有用的;学生基本在课前能主动完成课前学习任务和在课中适应课堂学习活动。在较短的辅导时间内,学生对翻转课堂教学模式应用在技能操作辅导中的适应能力大于理论辅导。     

基于互动反馈教学系统的无机化学课堂教学改革

针对基础无机化学教学存在的普遍问题,在课堂教学中引入互动反馈教学系统。重点从课堂设计、课堂互动模式、课后测试、课程分析总结等4个方面介绍了课堂互动反馈教学系统的具体应用;互动教学模式对无机化学教学的促进作用显著,整个学期平均到课出勤率达到99%,95%以上的学生认为这种互动教学方式能活跃课堂气氛,激发学习兴趣,愿意接受基于课堂投票表决器构建的互动教学模式。     

转动课堂在分析化学教学中的应用

"转动课堂"是渤海大学依据地方综合性大学的人才培养目标,借鉴国内外的课堂教学模式引申而来,将课堂精讲与师生互动紧密结合,个性化培养学生的创新能力和动手能力。本文介绍了分析化学结合学科特点及转动课堂核心理念,设计自学、精讲、互动等8个教学环节以提高课堂效率。这种课内课外协同互补的教学模式,激发了学生学习分析化学课程的热情,课堂教学质量及学生学习效果明显提高。     

初中化学用语的教学目标研究

以初中生化学用语测试、问卷调查、学生访谈、教师访谈和课堂观察等方面测查分析为依据,找出学生学习和教师教学中的主要问题。为了解决这些问题,开展了对初中化学用语教学目标的研究,编制了初中2个学段化学用语的教学目标。用具体的课堂教学案例,研究落实教学目标的方法。     

全媒体时代仪器分析实验课程的教学改革研究

随着现代信息技术的迅猛发展,声音、图像、视频等多种媒体在课程教学中广为应用,学生在任何时间、任何地点利用信息终端完成线上自主学习成为常态,课程教学的信息全媒体时代随之而来,全媒体对实验教学带来全新要求。本文在总结近年来仪器分析实验全媒体教学经验的基础上,开展全媒体时代背景下仪器分析实验的实践教学设计、资源库建设、新型教学模式构建、课堂教学考评、教学团队建设的研究,以期提高学生自主综合学习能力和高阶思维能力,提升仪器分析实验课程的教学效果,为深入开展全媒体教学改革提供参考。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。