对化学教学论实验课程的实践及思考

在化学教学论实验课程的教学中,通过组建任课教师、化学教师教育方向研究生、本科生这样一个多层次、一体化的学习共同体,按照"两主线三阶段"的教学模式,培养教学新手的实验教学管理能力。模仿校本教研的方式,促进共同体中的教学新手对科技哲学观念指导下的化学实验教学过程所需要的教学技能进行实践性体验,从而实现化学教师的专业化发展。     

构建职业活动导向型课程——以“精细化学品检验技术”为例

以职业活动为导向的"精细化学品检验技术"课程改革,基于真实产品检验过程,按照"资讯、决策、计划、实施、检查、评价"步骤实施,充分利用教、学、做一体化教室和仿真实训室,在有限的时间、空间内使学生在不同的教学环境中"学中做、做中学",最终使学生学会学习,学以致用。     

化学分析实验课程全英文教学方法研究

化学分析实验是分析化学教学的重要组成内容,是实践分析化学"量"的概念的重要途径。本文探讨了国际化合作办学背景下化学分析实验课程的全英文教学模式与方法,总结了化学分析实验(全英)课程建设过程的经验与不足,展望了化学分析实验全英文教学的前景。     

实践取向的高师“中学化学教学设计”课程建设的思考

从课程内容体系、教学模式、教学资源和教学形式等4个主要方面阐述了高师"中学化学教学设计"课程的建设思路及成果。包括体现"理论—策略—实践"的课程思路,整体构建课程内容体系;构建"理论学习、案例观摩、实践训练"三位一体教学模式;开发组织多类型教学案例库,丰富完善课程教学资源;拓展课程教学形式,建设与面授相结合的网络课程。     

一体化教学模式在涂料配方设计课程中的应用

介绍了高职背景下涂料配方设计课程的开展过程。采用一体化教学模式,从高职学生的特点入手剖析课程,使用课堂讨论、引发、对比等多种教学方法,使涂料配方设计课程的讲授取得了更好的教学效果。     

一体化教学体系在有机化学实验课程中的实践

本文主要介绍有机化学实验课程中"教、学、实践"一体化教学体系的构建,并探讨该一体化教学体系有效服务于"教师教学"和"学生学习"两个中心的实践运用。     

探究式案例教学模式在药物制剂工程教学中的实践研究

设计并实施了三阶段的教学流程,对"药物制剂工程"课程的探究式案例教学模式进行了实践和完善。同时,通过构建过程性评价量化指标、三方评价和调查问卷等形式,对探究式案例教学模式的教学效果进行评价,并对存在的问题给出进一步的建议。     

“问题解决”策略在高等农业院校物理化学教学中的实践

"问题解决"策略方法是以学生为中心的教学模式,能激发学生的学习兴趣和主观能动性。结合高等农业院校的教学现状和物理化学课程特点,将其应用到具体的教学实践中。经过课堂过程设计、教学法实践的准备、教学实践及教学评价,说明该方法能较大提高物理化学课程的学习效果。     

后MOOC时期高职分析化学混合式教学模式构建

为了全面提高后MOOC时期的高职院校分析化学课程教学质量，提出了基于SPOC的分析化学课程混合式教学模式。首先分析了高职学生的特点和分析化学课程教学中的主要问题；然后根据基于SPOC的混合式教学模式构建流程，依次阐述了课程分析、整体设计、资源开发、教学过程和评价考核设计的原则与思路；最后探讨了基于翻转课堂的分析化学课程混合式教学环境与实施过程。     

在化学课堂教学中践行陶行知教育思想——“3S+L”教学模式的创建与实践

以陶行知教育思想和高中化学课程理念为理论支撑,创建"3S+L"教学模式。通过"从生活(S)走进化学"、"用实验(S)探究真相"、"用理论(L)提升认识"、"从化学走向社会(S)"等4个教学环节,在化学课堂教学中践行陶行知"生活即教育"、"社会即学校"、"教学做合一"的教育思想。用"二氧化硫"的课堂教学为案例诠释"3S+L"教学模式。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。