乙烯性质系列实验的组合设计

从化学课堂教学角度和实验整体设计出发,对现行人教版高中化学教科书第二册中有关乙烯的制备、性质等系列实验进行了组合设计,并达到较好的实验效果。     

高中化学实验的项目式教学*——乙醇消去反应制备乙烯的实验探究

以乙醇消去反应制备乙烯改进实验探究为项目,通过“分析浓硫酸催化乙醇消去反应制备乙烯实验不足的改进方向”“设计并实践乙醇消去反应制备乙烯的实验改进方案”“汇报实验并提出最终改进方案”3个任务,深化对核心知识消去反应的理解和对实验方案设计方法及实验探究过程的深刻体会,并在问题解决中发展“科学探究与创新意识”素养。     

乙烯的实验室制备及性质检验的实验改进

在采用乙稀利为原料制备纯净乙烯的研究基础上,从药品配置、实验操作和装置优化等方面对乙烯的实验室制备及性质检验进行了科学改进,希望对高中化学教学有一定的启示作用。     

镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和聚合的进展

继SHOP催化体系采用镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚制备端烯烃在研究和应用中获得成功以来,由于后过渡金属上容易产生β-氢消除反应,镍配合物催化乙烯的研究搁置了近二十年。然而,近十年里,镍配合物催化乙烯齐聚和聚合研究再次受到催化剂研究者的重视,进入了飞速发展的新时期。本文综述近三年间这个领域的发展,特别是我国学者在这个领域的贡献,展示了镍配合物在乙烯齐聚和乙烯聚合制备支化聚烯烃中的巨大潜力,促进该领域研究的发展。     

关于五氧化二磷在乙烯制备中应用的讨论

实验室乙烯的制备常采用乙醇和浓硫酸共热的方法,由于浓硫酸具有强脱水性和强氧化性,反应中会产生大量的积碳及CO2和SO2气体,严重影响着乙烯的性质和合成实验。人们不断探索各种改进方法,其中以五氧化二磷为脱水剂和无水乙醇作用制备乙烯的方法报道最多,影响也最广。笔者对该改进实验进行了研究,结果发现用五氧化二磷和无水乙醇作用制备乙烯的方法,在实验中难以得到乙烯,在理论上也缺乏足够的依据,本文就此提出自己的一点粗浅看法,与作者、读者讨论。     

EVA基无卤阻燃复合材料的研究进展

分别介绍了采用金属氢氧化物阻燃剂、蒙脱石型阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂、有机硅阻燃剂、碱式硫酸镁晶须（MOS）阻燃剂和辐射交联技术制备的无卤阻燃乙烯―乙酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）复合材料的研究开发现状,并展望了无卤阻燃EVA复合材料的发展趋势。     

乙烯制备实验的研究和改进

不少有机化学实验教材和现行的高中化学教材都安排了乙烯的制备实验,所介绍的实验方法基本上也是一样的:用体积比为1：3的95%乙醇和浓硫酸为原料,加热到160℃以上产生乙烯,用氢氧化钠溶液洗气（高中教材上的实验没有洗气步骤）,除去粗乙烯中包含的二氧化硫、二氧化碳等酸性气体。     

乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色实验的改进及验证结果

高中化学乙烯性质实验过程中,乙烯使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色实验设计不严谨,笔者分析了原因,作了实验验证,并提出了切实可行的改进措施.     

硅胶负载溴在乙烯加成反应中的绿色化应用

制备了活性硅胶和硅胶负载溴,研究了乙烯与硅胶负载溴的加成反应,发现硅胶负载溴可较好演示该实验。我们进行了活性硅胶的循环使用实验,发现循环使用5次后,仍能得到不错的结果。     

实验室制备乙烯的一种新方法

本文用铝基膨润土作催化剂,多相催化已醇脱水制备实验室用乙烯。文中对该方法同现行实验室制备乙烯的主要方法进行了比较。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.