氯水性质检验的微型实验设计

采用以双通管为主体的复合微型实验装置,4 min 内完成了氯水的制备、氯水颜色的观察、氯水的萃取、氯气与水反应产物H+与Cl-的检验、氯水漂白性的实验。     

钠在氯气中燃烧的微型实验

简要介绍了一种取用金属钠的简便方法,利用气体实验微型装置设计了钠在氯气中燃烧的微型实验,包括氯气的制取、收集、钠在氯气中燃烧以及尾气的吸收等操作方法和技巧,并指出了实验关键和安全注意事项。     

使品红溶液褪色的三个实验

现行初三《化学》课本第四章第二节指出氯气具有漂白性;高一课本第一章第二节又详细介绍了二氧化硫气体使品红溶液褪色的实验;第六章第二节中又指出活性炭和木炭也能脱色。为了区别氯气、二氧化硫和活性炭的漂白,在教学时可增做下列实验： 【实验1】在碱性品红溶液里通入氯气,片刻红色溶液褪为浅黄色或无色,加热退色后的溶液,无明显变化。也可以在品红溶液里加入新制备的氯水,会得到同样的结果。     

氯气的制取与性质实验绿色化设计

针对氯气有毒及其与金属反应易于泄露等实验不足,设计了氯气制取、氯气与金属反应和氯水成分探究的全封闭实验。其中,氯气与金属的反应采用原位电加热的方式,加热速度快,金属在氯气中的燃烧现象明显,且能快速识别产物,有效地消除了因加热带来的氯气泄露问题;氯水成分的探究是通过青霉素瓶在封闭条件下进行的。整个实验仪器常规,装置简单,药品用量少,操作容易,现象明显,安全无污染,非常适合课堂演示。     

适合学生探究氯气性质的微型实验装置

氯气的制备及其化学性质的研究是高中化学课程中的重要部分。然而,氯气的毒性和危害是学生亲自进行氯气制备和性质实验的最大障碍。本文运用微型实验的思想对氯气的制备和性质实验装置进行了精心设计,大大降低了氯气的危害程度,达到了能让学生安全操作的水平;同时,该套实验装置也同样适用于其他有毒气体的制备和性质研究。     

基于绿色化学的甲烷与氯气取代反应装置优化设计

针对传统甲烷与氯气取代反应实验装置存在环境不友好、实验装置较大、过于分散、反应难以定量化等缺陷,从绿色化学角度出发,对传统甲烷与氯气取代反应装置进行优化设计,实现了该实验过程的绿色化,实验装置的微型化、综合化和反应的可控化、定量化。     

氯气的制备及性质一体化实验改进设计*

目前在化学教材中涉及氯气制备、性质的实验存在一些不足,如反应物用量大、反应时间长、反应分开进行及对环境污染大等。因此,在传统实验与现有改进实验的基础上,将氯气制备、漂白性、酸性、氧化性等多性质检验与尾气处理综合进行一体化改进设计,不仅操作简单、有效减少试剂用量,且对环境污染小,体现绿色化学思想。     

氯气与铜、铁反应方法的改进

高一化学卤素一章中,有一个氯气与铜反应的实验,常采用把铜丝灼热后,放进盛有氯气的集气瓶里的方法来做,但此法存在着有污染,不易观察等问题。为解决以上问题,将这一实验进行了改进,并增加了与铁的反应。     

甲烷与氯气的取代反应实验研究

综述了目前甲烷与氯气的取代反应实验存在的问题，对实验装置进行了改进，采用正交实验设计对影响该反应的温度、光照条件、气体比例、光照距离等4个因素进行系统探究，对实验条件进行优化，找出了甲烷与氯气取代反应的最佳实验条件。     

气体性质实验装置的改进

在实验教学中,很多教师采取多步反应串联的方式来完成一种物质的多种性质实验,如图1,利用二氧化锰与浓盐酸反应制取氯气,并完成有关氯气性质的实验:这种装置固然很美观,但设计不够科学。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.