新工科背景下“化学反应工程”课程改革探索与实践

化学反应工程是一门理论性和综合性较强的课程,其教学内容理论抽象,计算复杂繁琐,导致授课过程中学生存在学习积极性差、理论联系实际困难等问题。在新工科教育建设背景下,课程教学团队基于OBE教育理念,从社会需求和专业人才培养目标出发确立课程目标,创新设计“4+3”模块化课程体系,实施以学生为中心的线上线下混合式教学改革,打造多元主体评价体系,构建双循环持续改进机制,强化课程思政案例和工程实践案例在课程教学过程中的融入,全面提升课程教学质量。     

美国NGSS科学与工程实践构架与化学教学案例——影响化学反应速率的因素

美国《新一代科学标准》（NGSS）强调科学实践的重要性并提出科学与工程实践的关键要素，不仅为科学实践的具体实施提供了方向而且使科学实践的评价标准更加明确。在介绍NGSS科学与工程实践的构架基础上，以“影响化学反应速率的因素”为例分析了科学与工程实践的关键要素在教学中的反映及实施特点，并基于案例分析提出对我国中学化学教学过程设计的借鉴与启示。     

以核心素养为导向的聚合反应工程教学探讨——以“理想混合反应器的热稳定性”为例

在核心素养理念下,以聚合反应工程教材中的"理想混合反应器的热稳定性"小节教学设计为例,挖掘工程学科教学过程中蕴含的教育价值。通过对热稳定性原理的解析、探讨,以及对工业中热稳定性实例的分析,引导学生以工程科学思维去认识原理性概念;以探讨问题为驱动,进行探究式学习,培养学生工程问题意识和实践应用能力;在课程教学过程中落实大学生核心素养的培养和发展。     

基于科教融合开展制药分离工程案例教学的研究*

制药分离工程是一门实践性较强的课程,传统授课模式侧重于理论知识的讲解,缺乏对学生解决实际问题的能力和设计能力的培养。以“金雀花花蕾中异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖的提取”工程案例和实施过程为例,介绍如何通过案例教学和现代信息技术强化学生实践能力的培养,并对案例教学应用于制药分离工程教学进行了探讨。     

案例教学法在分析化学理论教学中的实践研究

研究了案例教学法在分析化学理论教学中的实践,内容包括案例选材、设计、实施和案例模型评估。案例教学法模式在促进学生扎实学习理论知识的同时,改进学生对于分析化学课程的认知,提高学生的专业技能。案例教学法在分析化学理论教学中的实践可以在教师教学和学生学习之间建立良好的互动关系,并最终改善分析化学课程教学。     

专业认证背景下材料现代测试技术课程教学探讨

基于"能力导向"的工程教育认证标准,分析了材料类专业认证背景下材料现代测试技术课程教学中的问题,提出以工程实践应用为主线的教学模式,强化以工程实例和科研项目为载体的案例教学,设计合理复杂的工程问题,开展项目式、讨论式和启发式等多元教学方法,采用"小班化"的实践教学方式,现代化的教学工具和多元化的评价考核方式,实现理论教学和实践教学的有机结合,提高学生的分析问题和解决问题能力、创新思维能力、工程能力,管理能力,团队合作与人际沟通能力。     

基于化工模拟的氨法烟气脱硫工艺设计案例教学探讨

在化工设计课程教学中将科研项目成果“氨法烟气脱硫工艺设计项目”转化为典型教学案例,并结合现代化工设计方法,引入化工模拟软件Aspen Plus进行化工过程设计,让学生更直观地理解气液两相吸收过程所涉及的化学反应设计、分离序列的选择与应用、能量匹配与集成优化等,使课程理论教学更加生动,将复杂的化工设计过程讲解透彻,提高教学质量,提高学生实际工程设计能力。     

基于OBE理念的大学化学课程思政案例设计与实践

为更好地服务工程教育专业认证(以下简称工程认证),基于成果导向理念(OBE),重点挖掘工程认证标准涉及到的思政元素,从设计思路、教学目标、导入设计和教学过程等方面进行了大学化学课程思政案例设计与实践。并从过程性考核、专业学习成效、调查问卷和主观描述性反馈等方面对课程思政实施效果进行了评价,结果表明：在OBE理念下,课程思政建设有效地提升了学生的学习成绩、学习兴趣和综合素质,取得了良好的教学效果。     

“高分子分离膜材料”思政示范课教学案例设计*

为深入贯彻落实全国高校思想政治工作会议精神,以材料科学与工程专业“高分子分离膜材料”示范课为例,从5个方面进行课程思政案例设计,包括案例主题、教学目标、案例意义、教学过程以及教学效果调查与分析。这一示范课充分挖掘了专业课程中的德育元素,有效地激发了学生的学习兴趣,取得了良好的教学效果。     

计算机在化学中的应用课程教学探讨

结合对计算机在化学中的应用课程的教学实践，以激励学生的学习兴趣及提高学习效果为目标，从课程的教学内容选择和教学方法设计两方面进行了初步探讨。     

Ab initio studies of the conformations of ethynyl formate, cyano formate and related ethynyl and cyano compounds

The optimized geometries, relative free energies and related thermodynamic properties, harmonic frequencies, and dipole moments have been calculated at the HF and MP2 levels for ethynyl formate (1a), ethynyl acetate (1b), cyano formate, HCO₂CN (1c), cyano acetate (1d), S-ethynyl thioformate (2a), S-ethynyl thioacetate (2b), S-cyano thioformate (2c), S-cyano thioacetate (2d), N-ethynylformamide (3a), N-ethynylacetamide (3b), N-cyanoformamide (3c), and N-cyanoacetamide (3d) with the gaussian 98 program. For ethynyl formate, the calculation for 25 °C at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predicts that the Z isomer is more stable by 1.23 kcal/mol. For S-ethynyl thioformate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level predict that the E isomer is favored by 0.71 kcal/mol at 25 °C. The E isomers of N-ethynylformamide and N-ethynylacetamide were found at all levels to be more stable than the Z isomers at 25 °C. For cyano formate and cyano acetate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predict that the Z isomers are more stable at 25 °C by 1.50 and 2.72 kcal/mol, respectively. At this level and temperature, the Z isomers of 2c, 2d, 3c, and 3d are predicted to have free energies of 0.46, −0.07, 1.22, and 2.28 kcal/mol, respectively, relative to the E conformations. Z to E free-energy barriers at 25 °C of 8.63, 10.64, 17.63, 7.39, and 14.03 kcal/mol were calculated for 1a, 2a, 3a, 1c, and 3c at the HF/6-311G(d,p) level, and at the HF/6-311+G(d,p) level, the free-energy barrier for 2c was 7.08 kcal/mol.     

Pyrazolones as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of New Pyrazolopyran,Pyrazolopyridazine and Pyrazole Derivatives of Expected Antifungicidal Activity

A series of new pyrazolone and pyrazole derivatives with expected antifungicidal activity have been prepared through the reactions 3‐phenyl‐1‐H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one ( 3 ) and 4‐(dimethylaminomethylene)‐3‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐one ( 5 ) with a variety of electrophilic reagents and nucleophilic reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectral studies.     

Characteristics of Lipids from Individual Organs of Veronica beccabunga

Lipids from various organs of the aquatic plant Veronica beccabunga were studied. It has been demonstrated that neutral and polar lipids are qualitatively typical of higher photosynthetic plants. Lipids in various organs of aquatic veronica were unevenly distributed. The most significant differences were observed in neutral lipids for the accumulation of glycerin esters, free fatty acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. The ratio of phospholipids varied considerably in the polar lipids.     

Potentiometric and thermodynamic studies of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and its metal complexes

Summary Proton-ligand dissociation constant of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MHT) and the stepwise stability constants of its metal complexes were determined potentiometrically in 40 mass/mass% ethanol-water mixture containing 0.1 M KCl. The stabilities of the complexes follow the order: Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺>Co²⁺>Mn²⁺. The dissociation constant (pK^H) of MHT and the stability constants (logK) of its metal complexes were determined at different temperatures and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The proton dissociation process is non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropically unfavoured. The formation of the metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and entropically favoured.     

溶质迁移研究进展

溶质迁移研究已成为水文地质等领域的一个重要研究课题。综述了溶质迁移研究进展,重点介绍了溶质迁移在地下水污染与防治、土壤盐碱化防治、海水入侵和咸水入侵防治等方面的研究现状,并指出应进一步研究的问题。     

Synthesis and spectral properties of malononitrile-based merocyanine dyes

Di-, tetra-, and hexamethine merocyanines derived from malononitrile and heterocycles with moderate (dyes 1–6), strong (7–9), and weak (10 and 11) electron-releasing ability were synthesized. The electronic structures of merocyanines 10 and 11 are similar to the neutral polyene state, whereas those of 7–9 are similar to the ideal polymethine state. These tendencies become more pronounced with increasing length of the polymethine chain. The merocyanines derived from heterocyclic residues with weak or moderate electron-releasing ability exhibit a positive solvatochromism, whereas those with strong electron-releasing ability show a negative solvatochromism. An increase in the polarity of the solvent makes the former compounds more similar to polymethines, whereas the latter become more similar to polyenes bearing opposite charges on the end groups. The nature of the factors (nonspecific solvation, specific nucleophilic and electrophilic solvation, and vibronic interactions) responsible for the observed characteristic features was analyzed. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2726–2735, December, 2005.     

Studies of some monocyclic and bicyclic arylacetonitriles

The high-resolution (1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H COSY and (1)H-(13)C COSY NMR spectra have been recorded in CDCl(3) for arylacetonitriles 1-12 and analyzed. The arylacetonitriles 3-7 exist in two isomeric forms E (methyl group is anti to cyano group) and Z (the methyl group is syn to cyano group) in solution. Normal chair conformation with equatorial orientations of phenyl rings at C-2 and C-6 for monocyclic nitriles 1 and 2, epimeric chair structure EC (axial configuration of methyl group at C-3) for both the E and Z isomers of arylacetonitrile derivatives (3-7) and a distorted boat form, B(3), for the N-acylacetonitrile derivatives (8-10) have been proposed based on NMR data. The bicyclic nitriles 11 and 12 exist in twin chair conformations in solution. DFT calculations and chemical shifts also support these conformations. Geometry optimizations for 1-12 were carried out according to density functional theory using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set and for 1 and 8 the theoretical geometrical parameters have been compared with those of single crystal measurements.     

Elucidation of activity of copper and copper oxide nanomaterials for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Copper- and copper oxide–based materials are, in principle, promising components (supports, reactive sites, and visible light–absorbing semiconductors) of electrocatalysts and photocathodes for reduction of carbon dioxide. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches are generally suitable for the low-temperature CO₂-conversion to carbon-based simple organic fuels or utility chemicals.Different concepts of utilization, including nanostructuring, doping, admixing, preconditioning, modification, or functionalization of various copper- and copper oxide–based systems for catalytic electroreduction and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂ are elucidated, as well as important strategies to enhance the systems' overall activity and stability are discussed.     

Fabrication of SiO2-TiO2/PVDF Copolymer Nanofiber Composite by Electrospinning Process

Multifunctional nanocomposite material is a key material component for the future. It is indicated by many studies have been conducted by researchers in university, research institute and industries. Silicon dioxide (SiO₂), titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and polyvinilidene fluoride copolymer are very important material due to their excellent properties. In this research paper, we have successfully synthesized SiO₂-TiO₂/PVDF copolymer nanofiber composite by electrospinning process. SiO₂-TiO₂/PVDF copolymer nanofiber composite has smooth surface morphology without bead on nanofiber string after confirming by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanofiber composite has average diameter of 350 nm. FTIR and XRD structure analysis of nanofiber composite show us that PVDF copolymer in nanocomposite has a mixed α and β phase crystal structure. Crystal phase of TiO₂ in nanofiber composite was in rutile form.     

Determination of low level nitrite and nitrate in biological, food and environmental samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FL) methods have been proposed for the determination of low level nitrite and nitrate in biological, food and environmental samples. The methods include derivatization of aqueous nitrite with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite, extraction with toluene and chromatographic analyses of highly fluorescent 2,3-naphthotriazole (NAT) derivative of nitrite by using GC-MS in selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode and LC-FL. Nitrite and nitrate ions in solid samples were extracted with 0.5 M aqueous NaOH by sonication. The recoveries of nitrite and nitrate ions based on GC-MS and LC-FL results were 98.40% and 98.10% and the precision of these methods, as indicated by the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.00% for nitrite and 1.20% for nitrate, respectively. The limits of detection of the GC-MS in SIM mode and LC-FL methods based on S/N = 3 were 0.02 and 0.29 pg/ml for nitrite and 0.03 and 0.30 pg/ml for nitrate, respectively.