二氧化硫性质实验新设计

根据2003年人民教育出版社出版的全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修)第一册第六章第二节:二氧化硫中的实验,按教材准备存在以下几点不足:实验仪器较多;在实际操作中存在SO2的间断取用,造成试剂的浪费;各个实验操作在敞口的仪器中,难免有毒气体SO2的泄漏从而使室内空气受到污染.所以,现对SO2性质实验的装置进行了改进以创设绿色微型化实验.     

从国家环保政策省思中学化学实验中四氯化碳的使用

根据国家针对四氯化碳的环保政策, 思考中学化学实验中四氯化碳的使用问题。分析人教版高中化学教科书中使用四氯化碳的化学实验和四氯化碳的用量, 提出寻找替代试剂、循环使用试剂、分离处理废液、减少其他实验这4个实验室控制四氯化碳使用的措施。     

化学实验中洗气瓶的"一物多用"

化学实验中的“一物多用”就是一件实验仪器或一个实验装置能做多个不同性质的化学实验。这是化学实验教学中培养学生想象力和创造力的重要途径,因此,教学中有意识启发学生利用生活用品或废品代替或自制实验用品,并且能“一物多用”,这既能培养学生的改革意识和创新素质,还能激活学生对化学仪器以及实验代用品的使用兴趣,     

简析化学实验失败的原因

化学教学中,无论是教师演示实验还是学生分组实验常有不成功的现象出现,并时有事故发生。究其原因,除了化学仪器不够精密、试剂纯度及副反应等客观因素外,绝大多数情况是由于操作者平时对化学实验基本操作和基本技能训练不够重视或者考虑问题不够周到等主观因素所造成的。归纳起来,主要有以下10个方面。     

巧用青霉素小瓶制作电解实验微型探究仪

针对传统电解实验方案的不足,介绍了用青霉素小瓶及必要的用品制作电解实验微型探究仪的研制过程和使用方法,指出了该仪器的优点和其他应用。     

化学对比实验器的制作与使用

针对对比实验,制作了一种新的化学实验仪器,解决了化学教学中对比实验不能同时等量添加试剂、观察现象不明显的问题,使对比实验效果直观、明显,在化学教学和科研中有一定的推广应用价值。     

火柴头爆炸实验的改进

对现行沪教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学》中火柴头爆炸实验进行了改进。改进后的实验操作简单,现象明显,趣味性强,安全实用,还可用于解释教科书上的爆炸原理,也能用于演示九年级物理教科书上的“内能转化为机械能”的实验。     

人教版高中化学必修模块教科书“实验”栏目实验活动分析

采用Herron修正的"实验活动探究层次分类法"(LOLA)和笔者提出的"学生实验行为要求分类法"(RSBLA)对人教版高中化学必修模块教科书"实验"栏目的实验活动进行分析,对有关问题作出讨论并提出实验活动文本表述的修改建议。研究发现,研究对象的实验活动探究层次均处于层次1和层次0,仅限于要求学生观察、记录实验现象和回答与实验有关的问题。     

微粒运动实验创新设计与改进

对微粒运动实验的仪器、用品作了改进,重新设计实验装置,使实验装置达到了小型化、封闭化、简洁化,实验达到了绿色环保要求,满足了大面积的学生探究实验操作使用,取得了良好的效益。     

氢气与氯气反应的封闭式实验装置设计

人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书：化学1（必修）》第四章第二节“富集在海水中的元素——氯”,在介绍Cl2与H2反应知识时,安排了H2在Cl2中燃烧的演示实验,笔者利用注射输液用品及部分实验用品设计制作了新的实验装置,让学生对比、体会H2在空气和Cl2中燃烧的不同实验现象,加深对燃烧概念的理解;为学生理解工业制盐酸的方法提供实验依据;还可增进学生实验安全意识。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.