微粒运动实验创新设计与改进

对微粒运动实验的仪器、用品作了改进,重新设计实验装置,使实验装置达到了小型化、封闭化、简洁化,实验达到了绿色环保要求,满足了大面积的学生探究实验操作使用,取得了良好的效益。     

基础有机化学实验教学内容的改革探索

对基础有机化学实验的教学内容进行了全方位、系统化的改革探索。对传统有机化学实验内容,增加了新的知识和实验技术。将有机人名反应、优秀的科研成果改编成新的实验教学项目,同时增设了新的微型实验、绿色实验、原子经济反应实验、全英实验。该实验内容新体系经过多年的教学实践,教学效果有显著提高。     

本科化学专业实验教学模式的改革与实践

以培养学生的创新思维和实践能力为目标,对本科化学专业实验课程体系与内容进行了全面改革。将化学学科中传统的无机化学实验、有机化学实验、分析化学实验、物理化学实验4大实验的内容设计优化成基础实验、综合设计实验、研究创新实验3个实验模块,搭建了基础型、提高型、创新型3个能力训练层次和1条毕业设计/专业实习能力训练主线,构建了具有地方本科院校特色的化学专业 “331”实验课程新体系,实现了课程结构的模块化,实验内容的层次化和教学科研的一体化。实践证明,通过改革与实践激发了学生的学习兴趣和主动性,动手能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力都有一定程度的提高。     

培养创新型人才的精细化工实验绿色化改革

通过采取优化实验项目,精选实验内容,选用绿色原料、溶剂、催化剂,推广微型、半微型实验,增加综合性、设计性实验,引进新技术、新工艺,引入化学仿真实验,加强实验室绿色化管理,改革考试方式等一系列改革措施,在精细化工实验中实现了绿色化教学,减少了实验产生的"三废"污染,加强了学生环境保护意识,调动了学生学习的积极性和主动性,培养了学生创新性思维,提高了就业竞争力。     

强弱电解质导电性检测实验的改进

指出了教材中检测强弱电解质溶液导电性实验装置的不足之处,介绍了改进后实验装置的电路图、装置图,并对整个实验装置的准备、实验的操作与实验现象、实验过程中应注意的事项等方面作了一个详细的说明。     

氢氟酸腐蚀玻璃的替代实验

分析了原氢氟酸腐蚀玻璃实验的不足,设计并完成了该实验的替代实验,即以氟化铵、硫酸及粉末硅胶为原料,在塑料烧杯中一步完成硅胶在氢氟酸中的溶解实验,该实验具有设备简单、试剂便宜易得、实验操作简单安全、实验现象明显等优点。     

中学化学创新实验的研究进展*——基于Journal of Chemical Education期刊的文献分析

从研究主题、研究领域、实验方法等多视角分析了2008-2018年Journal of Chemical Education有关中学化学创新实验的发文情况,介绍了热化学实验、化学动力学实验、生活化实验、与环保相关的实验、学科交叉实验等多篇具有代表性和教学意义的实验案例。     

高师化学实验课程体系改革的研究

分析当前化学实验教学现状的基础上,就存在的问题,构建了实验课程改革的新体系,提出了打破二级学科的限制,整体规划化学实验的新思路。建议按照基础化学实验、综合化学实验、现代化学实验三阶段,而每个阶段又分为基础训练实验、综合训练实验和应用性、设计性实验三个层次的"一体化、三阶段、三层次"设立实验课程的新方案。     

探究可燃物燃烧条件的实验改进

阐述了验证白磷燃烧条件演示实验的改进方法,从实验的设计意图、实验装置的准备、实验的具体操作与实验现象、实验过程中应注意的事项等方面作了完整的介绍。     

基于经典实验的教学改革模式探讨——以二元液系气液平衡相图实验的改进为例

从实验装置、实验体系、溶液配制、数据测量等方面针对经典的物理化学实验(二元液系气液平衡相图)进行了综合性探索。减少了实验试剂消耗,缩短了实验时间,改善了实验的操作性和重现性,同时消除了实验过程中的安全隐患。经过多年工科专业学生实验教学实践表明,这些改进措施提升了学生的低碳环保理念,改善了实验的过程体验,强化了经典实验的创新效果。在引导学生深刻理解气液相平衡基础理论的同时培养了学生的应用创新思维,获得了良好的实验教学效果。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。