PKU-SCAF 1.3GHz超导腔2K垂直测试恒温器设计

1.3GHz超导腔是北京大学超导加速器装置(PKU-SCAF)中的关键设备,在正式安装之前,需对其进行超流氦条件下的性能测试。在2K垂直测试恒温器功能及流程分析的基础上,对恒温器关键部件进行了强度计算,形变分析、温度场仿真分析,给出了关键设备-低温负压换热器的设计参数,对垂直测试恒温器2K温区进行了热负荷分析与计算,确定了恒温器的结构形式,为恒温器的低温测试和稳定运行提供了理论依据。     

BEPCⅡ超导腔静态热负荷和无载品质因数Q_0的测量

超导腔的静态热负荷和无载品质因数是表征超导腔低温恒温器以及超导铌腔性能好坏的最重要参数.BEPCⅡ超导腔采用的是液氨浸泡冷却方式,对两个超导腔在测试站分别进行了降温调试,在超导腔达到超导状态并稳定运行后,对其静态热损耗进行了测定.此外,超导腔Q_0的测量主要是采用热力学的方法测量其高频损耗然后经计算得出Q_0.介绍了BEPCⅡ超导腔静态热负荷和无载品质因数的测量原理及方法,并且给出了两个超导腔在不同高频加速电压下的测试结果.此测试结果已作为BEPCⅡ超导腔验收测试的重要依据.     

应用于光源的射频超导加速技术

射频超导加速器采用在液氦温度下工作的超导加速腔,可运行在长宏脉冲或连续波模式,同时具有较大的束流孔径,可有效减小束腔相互作用。经过半个多世纪的发展,射频超导技术已经日趋成熟,广泛应用于各种光源,并将发挥越来越重要的作用。简要介绍射频超导基本原理、应用于光源的椭球型电子超导加速腔的研制工艺、超导加速模组构成和应用于不同类型光源的超导加速腔的主要特点。     

BEPCⅡ超导腔静态热负荷和无载品质因数Q0的测量

超导腔的静态热负荷和无载品质因数是表征超导腔低温恒温器以及超导铌腔性能好坏的最重要参数. BEPCⅡ超导腔采用的是液氦浸泡冷却方式, 对两个超导腔在测试站分别进行了降温调试, 在超导腔达到超导状态并稳定运行后, 对其静态热损耗进行了测定. 此外, 超导腔Q₀的测量主要是采用热力学的方法测量其高频损耗然后经计算得出Q₀. 介绍了BEPCⅡ超导腔静态热负荷和无载品质因数的测量原理及方法, 并且给出了两个超导腔在不同高频加速电压下的测试结果. 此测试结果已作为BEPCⅡ超导腔验收测试的重要依据.     

700MHz单cell超导腔洛伦兹力失谐分析

着重论述了超导腔的洛伦兹力失谐,并对704MHz/β=0.45单cell纯铌超导腔进行了静态洛伦兹力失谐分析和动态洛伦兹力失谐分析,对增加其机械稳定性的方式方法进行了讨论和计算,给出了其相应的加固方案.     

BEPCⅡ国产500 MHz超导腔运行综述

北京正负电子对撞机二期(BEPCⅡ),国产500 MHz超导腔经过紧张的安装调试于2017年10月正式投入带束流运行。首先对此国产超导腔两次降温调试的相关参数进行了监测和对比分析;其次研究了通过高功率老练的方法改善超导腔的品质因数,并实时监测超导腔老练过程中的辐射剂量;最后对超导腔的带束流运行情况进行了介绍分析。结果表明：BEPCⅡ国产500 MHz超导腔虽然放置了6年,但是状态良好,通过高功率老练能够降低超导腔的辐射剂量,改善其性能,完全满足束流运行要求。     

1.3 GHz超导腔的掺氮实验

为了大幅度提高纯铌超导腔的品质因数,从而降低其使用功耗,选择对超导腔进行高温氮掺杂处理。立足国内外大型加速器的需求,中国科学院高能物理研究所首先开展了1.3 GHz 1-cell超导腔的研究,包括常规处理以及氮掺杂实验,并且对掺杂前后的结果进行了分析、对比。结果表明,通过掺氮,两只1.3 GHz 1-cell细晶粒纯铌超导腔的品质因数均获得了显著提升,同时在超导腔低温垂直测试中观察到了比较明显的反常的品质因数随加速梯度变化的曲线,即“anti-Q-slope”现象。

     

中国散裂中子源二期648 MHz超导腔调谐器设计

中国散裂中子源二期升级采用超导腔技术方案,其中在165～300 MeV能量段采用648 MHz 6-cell超导腔模组,每个模组中集成3只6-cell超导腔。超导腔工作在脉冲模式,为了保证超导腔2 K下的频率满足运行要求,每只超导腔需要一套低温调谐器对其频率进行精确调节控制。针对648 MHz 6-cell超导腔的结构和运行特点进行了低温调谐器的设计,采用快慢组合机构补偿超导腔的频率偏移,对调谐器的基本性能和超导腔脉冲模式运行下的动态洛伦兹失谐进行了分析。     

BEPCⅡ超导腔静态热负荷和无载品质因数Q0的测量

超导腔的静态热负荷和无载品质因数是表征超导腔低温恒温器以及超导铌腔性能好坏的最重要参数.BEPCⅡ超导腔采用的是液氦浸泡冷却方式,对两个超导腔在测试站分别进行了降温调试,在超导腔达到超导状态并稳定运行后,对其静态热损耗进行了测定.此外,超导腔Qo 的测量主要是采用热力学的方法测量其高频损耗然后经计算得出Qo.介绍了BEPCⅡ超导腔静态热负荷和无载品质因数的测量原理及方法,并且给出了两个超导腔在不同高频加速电压下的测试结果.此测试结果已作为BEPCⅡ超导腔验收测试的重要依据.     

BEPCⅡ超导腔垂直测试杜瓦的漏热分析与实验研究

北京正负电子对撞机重大改造工程(简称BEPCⅡ)采用了超导射频技术,超导腔设备在与低温恒温器总装之前,必须进行液氦温度下垂直位置的性能测试.测试杜瓦的绝热性能对超导腔的垂直测试性能产生直接影响,准确测算测试杜瓦的漏热量对垂直测试方案的制定、减少液氦消耗量具有重要的指导意义.对测试杜瓦的主要漏热部分进行了计算,同时以液氮...     

Cold RF test and associated mechanical features correlation of a TESLA-style 9-cell superconducting niobium cavity built in China

The RF performance of a 1.3 GHz 9-cell superconducting niobium cavity was evaluated at cryogenic temperatures following surface processing by using the standard ILC-style recipe. The cavity is a TESLA-style 9-cell superconducting niobium cavity, with complete end group components including a higher order mode coupler, built in China for practical applications. An accelerating gradient of 28.6 MV/m was achieved at an unloaded quality factor of 4×10⁹. The morphological property of mechanical features on the RF surface of this cavity was characterized through optical inspection. Correlation between the observed mechanical features and the RF performance of the cavity is attempted.     

Analysis of superconducting cavity quench events at SSRF

Quench is important and dangerous to superconducting RF cavities. This paper illustrates the mechanism of quench and how a quench detector works, and analyzes the quench events happening during beam operations and cavity conditioning. We find that the quench protection is mostly triggered by some reasons such as fluctuation of cavity voltage, multipacting or arc, rather than a real cavity thermal breakdown. The results will be beneficial to optimize the operation parameters of superconducting cavities, to discover the real reasons for beam trip by quench interlock, and to improve the operation stability of superconducting RF systems.     

Analysis of superconducting cavity quench events at SSRF

Quench is important and dangerous to superconducting RF cavities. This paper illustrates the mechanism of quench and how a quench detector works, and analyzes the quench events happening during beam operations and cavity conditioning. We find that the quench protection is mostly triggered by some reasons such as fluctuation of cavity voltage, multipacting or arc, rather than a real cavity thermal breakdown. The results will be beneficial to optimize the operation parameters of superconducting cavities, to discover the real reasons for beam trip by quench interlock, and to improve the operation stability of superconducting RF systems.     

超导腔数字自激垂直测试系统

基于数字自激算法设计并实现的超导腔垂直测试系统提高了超导腔的垂直测试效率,为先进光源技术研发与测试平台（PAPS）的超导腔批量化生产提供了重要保障;垂直测试系统的射频前端和时钟分配系统采用了二次上下变频方案,可以在一定范围内灵活设置测试系统自激环路的工作频率,增大了该测试系统的工作带宽。利用此系统完成了1.3 GHz 9-cell超导腔的通带频率测试,结果表明,该测试系统能有效避免不同模式之间的串扰,具备较强的频率分辨能力（＜800 kHz）,保证多单元超导腔性能验证的进行。

     

Investigation on the fabrication of the 3rd harmonic superconducting cavity for the SSRF storage ring

A third harmonic superconducting niobium cavity has been proposed for installation in the Shang-hai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) storage ring to improve the Touschek lifetime. In order to investigate the feasibility of the superconducting cavity fabrication indigenously and the possibility to master the fabrica-tion techniques, cavities were fabricated from copper and niobium sheets by deep drawing and electron-beam welding, and a series of measurements, such as resonant frequency, shape dimensions and wall thickness, were carried out during this process. After analysis of various problems existing in the fabrication process, tech-nique improvements were proposed, and finally the precise shape as designed and resonant frequency within 1.2 MHz were achieved for the new completed cavities. In addition, full annealing was finally proved to be a good cure for niobium sheets' tearing up during deep drawing. By fabricating niobium cavities successfully, some problems to the next step were cleared. This paper introduces the process of cavity fabrication and its technique improvements towards forming, and the initial vertical test result of niobium cavity is also presented.     

Design and simulation of a new type of 500 MHz single-cell superconducting RF cavity

This paper illustrates the design and simulation of a unique 500 MHz single-cell superconducting radio frequency cavity with a fluted beam pipe and a coaxial-type fundamental power coupler. The simulation results show that the cavity has a high r/Q value, a low peak surface field and a large beam aperture, so it can be a candidate cavity for high current accelerators. With the help of a fluted beam tube, almost all the higher order modes can propagate out of the cavity, especially the first two dipole modes, TE₁₁₁ and TM₁₁₀, and the first higher monopole mode, TM₀₁₁. The external quality factor of the coaxial fundamental power coupler is optimized to 1.2×10⁵, which will be useful when it is applied in the light source storage ring.     

Investigation on the fabrication of the 3rd harmonic superconducting cavity for the SSRF storage ring

A third harmonic superconducting niobium cavity has been proposed for installation in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） storage ring to improve the Touschek lifetime. In order to investigate the feasibility of the superconducting cavity fabrication indigenously and the possibility to master the fabrica tion techniques, cavities were fabricated from copper and niobium sheets by deep drawing and electron-beam welding, and a series of measurements, such as resonant frequency, shape dimensions and wall thickness, were carried out during this process. After analysis of various problems existing in the fabrication process, technique improvements were proposed, and finally the precise shape as designed and resonant frequency within 1.2 MHz were achieved for the new completed cavities. In addition, full annealing was finally proved to be a good cure for niobium sheets＇ tearing up during deep drawing. By fabricating niobium cavities successfully, some problems to the next step were cleared. This paper introduces the process of cavity fabrication and its technique improvements towards forming, and the initial vertical test result of niobium cavity is also presented.     

Horizontal test for BEPC 500 MHz spare cavity

The horizontal test for the BEPC 500 MHz spare cavity has been completed at IHEP. The maximum voltage of the cavity reached 2.17 MV, while Q 0 was 5.78 × 108 . The process and results of the high power horizontal test are presented and discussed in this paper.     

325MHz超导腔输入耦合器镀铜层厚度的实验研究

通过对工作在325 MHz、镀铜厚度分别为10,20,30μm的耦合器外导体进行高功率测试,研究了超导腔输入耦合器外导体内壁镀铜层厚度与漏热的依赖关系,目的在于寻找最优化的铜层厚度来降低超导腔输入耦合器的低温漏热。实验结果表明,20μm铜层的耦合器具有较低的动态损耗。综合考虑静态损耗与动态损耗,则20μm铜层厚度为最优化的铜层厚度。