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Noboru Taniguchi 《Separation & Purification Reviews》2013,42(2):247-299
The term “mucopolysaccharides” was originally introduced by Meyer to describe “hexosamine-containing heteropolysaccharides of animal origin occurring in a pure state or as protein salts”. Many of the names originally assigned to the mucopolysaccharides have since been revised in an effort to systematize the nomenclature (Table 1). Jeanloz2 in 1960 proposed the term “glycosaminoglycuronoglycans” in place of mucopolysaccharides as in most cases they are composed of amino sugars (glycosamino-) and uronic acids (glycurono-) joined in long chains(-glycans). For the sake of simplicity, the term “glycosaminoglycans” is getting acceptance in place of the rather lengthy term “glycosaminoglycuronoglycans” as well as the old and perhaps more familiar term “mucopolysaccharides”. As a matter of convenience, the term “polysaccharides” will be frequently used here, instead of glycosaminoglycans. 相似文献
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In present investigation, a comparative analysis of water soluble vitamins viz., B1 (thiamine HCl), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (nicotinamide), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine HCl), B9 (folic acid), B12 (cyanocobalamin) was carried out in fruits (immature, semimature and mature) of six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars (“Barhee”, “Khalasah”, “Muzati”, “Shishi”, “Zart”, “Zardai”) growing in United Arab Emirates (UAE) by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The fruits were collected at three developing stages (immature, semimature and mature). Quantitative analysis of water soluble vitamins yield showed a significant variation within the different cultivars and the developing stages of date palm fruit. Vitamin B1, B3, B5, B6 were maximum (μg/100 g f.w.) in “Shishi”, “Zardai”, “Shishi” and “Muzati” at their matured stage, however, vitamin B2, B9, B12 were detected in immature fruit of “Khalasah”, “Khalasah” and “Shishi” cultivars. The vitamin production in fruits of different date palm cultivars was, therefore, developing stage specific and cultivar dependent. The present study showed that the date palm fruit could be used for human consumption with value addition of water soluble vitamins at their specific developmental stages. 相似文献
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Abstract Gutsche has proposed the existence of “hemicalixarenes” and “pseudocalixarenes” to explain the formation of calixarenes. The characterization and the quantitative determination of molecules present during the reaction, described in “Organic Synthesis”, have permitted us to determine the immediate precursors of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene. The calix[6]arene could be due to cyclization of linear species named “pseudocalixarenes” and not due to duplication of molecules named “hemicalixarenes”. 相似文献
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Desmond A. Young Daneel Ferreira David G. Roux 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1986,24(5):835-849
The structure and stereochemistry of four synthetic “angular” tetraflavanoid-condensed tannin derivatives are examined by high-resolution variable temperature 1H NMR. spectroscopy, and hence correlated with their dynamic behavior. Three “angular” oligomers exist as stable rotational isomers at ambient temperatures, thus contrasting with the mobility about their interflavanoid bonds of most natural profisetinidin “trimeric” and “tetrameric” homologs. A “linear” tetraflavanoid analog results from one of these regioselectively controlled condensations. 相似文献
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Wolfhard H. G. Koch 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2013,113(10):1573-1583
We present truncated expansions of multicenter one‐electron nuclear attraction and two‐electron repulsion integrals over localized basis functions in terms of one‐ and two‐center integrals of “Coulomb,” “exchange,” and “hybrid” type. Two variants are discussed: the “Explicit Multi‐center Integrations” and the “Implicit Multi‐Center Integrations” (abbreviated as “EMCI” and “IMCI”, respectively). While EMCI also deals with individual integrals, the IMCI option is the more appealing one: it enables us to evaluate the entire matrix elements of “Restricted Hartree–Fock”‐type in a very effective and chemically meaningful way. Due to the diatomic nature of our expansions, integrations over “Slater‐Type Orbitals” become well‐feasible, too. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Michiya Fujiki 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2001,22(11):864-864
The author would like to announce the following corrections: On page 671, right column, line 2, the sentence should read “For a certain polysilylene, ΔEST is reported to be 0.32 eV”. The insets in Figure 3d should read “S‐1” and “R‐1” instead of “S‐1L” and “R‐1L” . In the reference section, [34] reads correctly “Y. Ishimaru, S. Sumida, T. Iida, Chem. Commun. 1997 , 2187‐‐2188”. 相似文献
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Results obtained during the tenure of a BMBF‐supported collaborative research project, comprising the parts “Exploration of new ansa‐metallocene complexes”, “Commercially applicable metallocene syntheses”, “Metallocene catalysts on solid supports” and “Improved control of the polymerization process”, are reported in condensed form. 相似文献
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《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2021,14(11):103400
Aloe fleurentiniorum is a desert plant that is occasionally used to treat wounds by local people of Aridah and Fayfa mountains in Saudi Arabia. However, medicinal value of the plant has not been scientifically established. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioactive phytocomponents contained in the exudate gel (EG) from the leaves of Aloe fleurentiniorum using GC–MS and FT-IR studies, as well as antibacterial assays. Medicinally important bioactive compounds were identified using GC–MS analysis. The bioactive compounds are “pregn-5-ene-3α,20-diol”, “16α-methyl-pregnane-11,20-dione”, “3-hydroxy-(3α,5α)-, ursodeoxycholic acid”, “1-heptatriacotanol”, “allopregnane-7α,11α-diol-3,20-dione”, “D-arabino-hexopyranoside”, “2-octadecenoic acid methyl ester”, “D-ribo-hexose,2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl glucosamine”, “N-acetyl-N-benzoyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside”, “nonyl 1-thio pregnenolone”, “5-cholestene-3-ol, 24-methyl-cholestanol”, and “D-allose hexadecanoic acid methyl ester”. Furthermore, specific groups and their respective chemical compounds were identified via FT-IR spectroscopy studies. The FT-IR spectroscopy of EG showed various functional groups at 3354, 2945, 2832, 2523, 2046, 1707, 1451, 1108, 1031, 880, 737 and 610 cm−1. The FT-IR peaks revealed the likely presence of various compounds such as glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, amino sugars, cutin and isothiocyanate. Moreover, EG produced a wide range of antibacterial effects on some screened human pathogenic bacteria. 相似文献
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Nicolas Armanino Julie Charpentier Felix Flachsmann Andreas Goeke Marc Liniger Philip Kraft 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(38):16310-16344
This review is the sequel to the 2000 report on the recent advances in the chemistry of odorants and it summarizes the developments in fragrance chemistry over the past 20 years. Following the olfactory spectrum set out in that report, trendsetting so‐called captive odorants (patent‐protected ingredients unavailable to the market) are presented according to the main odor families: “fruity”, “marine”, “green”, “floral”, “spicy”, “woody”, “amber”, and “musky”. The design of odorants, their chemical synthesis, and their use in modern perfumery are illustrated with prominent examples. Featured are new fruity odorants that provide signature in the top note, as well as precursor technology. In the green domain, focus is on leafy notes and green pear. New benzodioxepines and benzodioxoles have modernized the marine family and required a revision of the existing olfactophore models. The replacement of Lilial and Lyral kept the industry busy in the floral domain with a plethora of new “muguets”. There was continued activity in the domain of rose odorants, especially in the area of rose ketones. Biotechnology became significant, for example, with Clearwood and Ambrofix, and the principal odorants of vetiver oil in the woody family have been found. Fourth and fifth families of musk odorants were also discovered and populated. Thus, new avenues for further explorations into fragrance chemistry have been opened. 相似文献
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Stability and sensitivity analysis are used to examine the ignition/reaction characteristics of dilute hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. The analysis confirms the existence of two distinct regions of ignition and fast reaction previously labeled “weak” and “strong” ignition, both of which are located in the explosive pressure-temperature domain and separated by a region related to the “extended” classical second limit. The stability analysis is based on an eigenanalysis of the Green's function matrix of the governing kinetic equations. The magnitudes of the largest (and system controlling) eigenvalue allow the strengths of the two processes to be quantified, giving a clear definition to the terms “weak” and “strong.” The sensitivities of the largest eigenvalue to the reaction rate constants of the mechanism pinpoint the elementary steps controlling the two ignition processes and the subsequent reaction. The associated eigenvectors yield the direction of change in species concentrations and temperature during the course of reaction. These vectors are found to be nearly constant during the induction period of both “weak” and “strong.” ignition, thus producing constant overall stoichiometric reactions. The subsequent reaction of major reactants associated with “weak” ignition also has a constant overall reaction vector, although, different than that during the induction period. However, the vector describing the reaction of major reactants associated with “strong.” ignition is found never to be constant, but continuously changing beyond the induction period. 相似文献
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The structure of Kalb's “arsanthrene oxide” and “arsanthrene” have been reinvestigated. The “arsanth-rene oxide” is monomeric and is therefore properly termed 5,10-epoxy-5,10-dihydroarsanthrene(6). A spectroscopic study of “arsanthrene” revealed that this compound has the dimeric structure 12 corresponding to the photodimer of anthracene. Mechanisms of formation of dimeric “arsanthrene” and the possible dissociation of dimeric “arsanthrene” into its monomer by reaction with a dienophile at elevated temperature are discussed. An attempt to synthesize arsanthrene (7) by dehalogenation of 5,10-dichloro-5,10-dihydroarsanthrene (5) was unsuccessful. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of some 5,10-dihydroarsanthrenes are recorded. 相似文献
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通过化学用语认识模型的建构,彰显其教学功能价值,为内隐的“心智模型”与外显的“符号模型”之间建立可能的联系和发展。运用“联想与建构”“迁移与体验”“本质与变化”等教学策略,实现化学用语的教学从内容传递走向深度学习。 相似文献
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Thioalkoxy-dehalogenation of 4-halogenobenzofurazans affording “normal” and “cine” substitution products has been more extensively investigated. Evidence for a partial intervention of AEa-type mechanism in NS product formation is now available. The competition of this pathway increases with the bulkiness of thiolate ion. Kinetic data for different thiolates are reported indicating a sensitivity to steric effects not only in the “normal” substitution but also in the “cine” substitution pathway. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Series IIC Chemistry #》2000,328(2):171-177
In a previous paper (Boutin and Auriault 1993) the homogenization technique of multiscale expansions was used for investigating how acoustic waves may propagate in a bubbly fluid at finite concentration. Three different equivalent macroscopic behaviours where derived, for “large”, “medium” and “small” bubble systems, respectively. In the present paper, we extend the analysis by taking into consideration possible phase change effects. We show that phase change effects are negligible in the case of “large” bubbles, whereas they strongly modify the “medium” bubble system behaviour by decreasing the bulk modulus of several orders of magnitude. For “small” bubbles, capillary effects are dominating. 相似文献
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《Chemical physics letters》1987,136(1):1-8
It is shown for compounds XS-CHCH-CHO that chemical substitution (X = H → F and X = H → Li) results in the change of conformational potential energy surfaces not only in the quantitative but in the qualitative sense as well. Qualitative change always implied a modified surface topology, i.e. critical points are either created by “split-ups” or annihilated by “collapse”. It appears that some kind of “selection rule” might be operative in the “creation” and “annihilation” of critical points during the change of surface topology as the result of chemical substitution. 相似文献