高压煤粉密相气力输送实验研究

在输送压力可达4 MPa的气力输送实验台上,进行不同平均粒径煤粉的密相输送实验。研究总输送差压、发送压力对煤粉的质量流量、固气比等输送参数的影响。结果表明;煤粉质量流量随总输送差压的增加而增加;相同总输送差压下,煤粉平均粒径越大,煤粉质量流量越低;煤粉质量流量随发送压力的增加而增加。研究表明,相同煤粉质量流量下固气比随着表观气速的增加而降低;相同表观气速下,煤粉质量流量的增加会导致固气比的增加。     

加压密相粉煤输送特性及稳定性研究

在高压气力输送试验台上,用氮气进行煤粉高压浓相气力输送试验研究.考察操作参数和粉体物性对煤粉质量流量和固气比等气力输送特征参数的影响,用信息熵分析试验过程中采集到的差压波动时间序列,建立信息熵和流动特性之间的关联.结果表明流动相图与SHANNON熵之间呈现较好的规律性.随着煤粉含水率的增大,煤粉的质量流量和压损减小,SHANNON熵值下降.随着输送压损的增大,SHANNON熵增大.     

喷射器临界背压对喷射制冷系统性能的影响

为了确保喷射器在良好的工况条件下运行,文中针对太阳能喷射制冷系统的工况范围,以R134 a为工质建立了喷射器运行特性计算模型,计算分析了临界背压随喷射器运行工况的变化关系,以及对制冷系统性能的影响。结果表明:喷射器的临界背压随发生温度和蒸发温度的增大而增大,极限喷射系数随发生温度的升高而降低,随蒸发温度的升高而升高;喷射制冷系统COP随喷射器背压(冷凝压力)的升高先保持不变后减小,当Tg=353K,Te=281K和Te=283K时,喷射器分别在Tc=307K左右和Tc=308K左右时,达到临界状态,临界背压分别为0.85MPa、0.88MPa,COP分别为0.2和0.227。     

293～563 K下甲醇结构的研究

利用金刚石压腔和拉曼光谱,研究了甲醇从室温到563 K下的结构特征。结果表明：随着温度的升高,体系压力也在不断增大;ν_CH区伸缩振动和ν_OH区伸缩振动同时受到温度和压力的影响,但两种作用相反。由于压力效应大于温度效应,随温度压力的增大,ν_CH区伸缩振动的拉曼位移向高频方向移动,说明C—H键键能在增大;而O—H伸缩振动峰的相对面积随温度压力的增大而增大,说明对C—H键而言,O—H键总强度是增加的,由此推测在地质条件下,压力可能阻碍或延长了干酪根的降解生烃过程。     

差压波动对孔板气液两相流测量的影响

差压波动是气液两相流动的固有物理现象,应用该波动可以测量干度和气液总流量。为了研究差压波动对孔板气液两相流测量的影响,本文在压力0.7~1.0 MPa,气相流量200~400 kg/h,干度0.4~1范围内测量了不同流动工况下的差压波动过程。实验结果表明差压平均值和差压标准差可以反映两相流流动参数的变化,但差压标准差重复性较差;实验范围内差压标准差的重复性变化范围为士0.3%~士18.5%;对于低含液率两相流(LNF0.3%),差压平均值的波动会"掩盖"液相流量变化造成的差压值变化;误差传递会导致总流量的预测误差大于干度的预测误差;对于高干度两相流(x0.5),误差传递会导致液相流量预测误差被放大。     

低温容器夹层真空度对内罐压升率的影响研究

针对低温容器夹层真空失效工况,建立了低温容器夹层真空度与通过内罐壁面热流密度的理论模型,结合ANSYS-FLUENT软件对某立式低温容器内的液氮蒸发过程进行了仿真模拟,研究了初始充满率为50%时,低温容器内罐空间温度及压力随夹层真空度变化的规律。结果表明,随着夹层真空度降低,通过低温容器内罐壁面的平均热流密度增大,内罐中液体温度升高速率增大;当夹层真空完全失效时,内罐压升率分别是夹层真空度为10-3 Pa、1 Pa和10 Pa时的10.4倍、5倍和1.2倍。     

加压高通量CFB上升管气固流动特性实验研究

通过实验的方法考察了加压下,平均粒径为137μm、密度为2490 kg·m^-3的Geldart B类颗粒在固体通量为183～773 kg·m^-2·s^-1的高通量循环流化床上升管内的流动特性。结果表明,加压下七升管压降曲线近似线性分布。随着操作压力的增加,上升管底部颗粒浓度先增大后减小,顶部颗粒浓度逐渐增大,密相区的范围也逐渐增大。加压下截面平均颗粒浓度随颗粒循环速率和操作气速的变化和常压相类似,即随颗粒循环速率的增加而增加,随操作气速的增加而降低。     

盖板式预旋系统温降特性的实验研究

预旋供气系统是为发动机涡轮转子叶片提供合适压力、温度和流量冷却气流的部件系统,因其具有显著降低冷气相对总温的巨大潜力而受到关注。本文在系统压比1.10～1.50、涡轮盘转速3000～9720 r/min参数范围内,通过在转盘上测量气流相对总温来获得预旋系统的温降特性,并通过一系列温度校准实验来确保转盘气流温度测量的准确性。分析了转速,压比和喷嘴出口旋转比对系统温降特性的影响。研究结果表明:随着转速的升高,预旋系统温降先小幅增大,之后迅速减小,最大可达7.6 K;随着压比的增大,系统温降增大;系统无量纲温降随喷嘴出口旋转比近似呈线性变化。     

高温超导无绝缘线圈励磁电压特性研究

本文通过实验研究了焊锡浸渍、励磁电流PI控制、励磁速率以及励磁幅值对高温超导无绝缘线圈励磁电压特性的影响。实验结果表明:高温超导无绝缘线圈励磁电压具有时延特性,焊锡浸渍、励磁电流PI控制分别会增大和减小时延特性,而励磁速率和励磁幅值不会影响时延特性;励磁电压幅值随励磁速率增大而增大;焊锡浸渍可降低励磁电压幅值,而励磁电流控制对励磁电压幅值影响不明显。     

辉石结构与相变的第一性原理研究

利用第一性原理方法研究了Mg端员辉石(MgSiO3)低压相(Pbca、P2_1/c)和高压相(C2/c、P2_1ca)在不同压力下(0~30GPa)的结构。首先计算得到了不同压力下各相的晶胞体积,并由状态方程拟合得到了体积模量,结果显示在零温零压条件下Pbca和P2_1/c(低压单斜相)的体积模量相近,C2/c的体积模量最大(比Pbca的大3%),而P2_1ca作为高压相其体积模量却比Pbca小很多。其次分析了Mg端员辉石3个轴向的压缩性,发现C2/c相的c轴比a轴难压缩,与前人研究的透辉石(MgCaSi2O6)的表现相反。P2_1/c、C2/c、P2_1ca的链角随着压力的增大而减小;Pbca其中一种链角的变化趋势和其他3个相一样,而另一种链角先随着压力的增大而减小,在达到7GPa后开始增大,可能表示相的不稳定或开始相变。最后通过研究不同相之间的焓值差,讨论了Mg端员辉石在低温高压下可能存在的相变情况。     

Measurement of Slug Length and Slug Velocity in Pneumatic Conveying Using Capacitive Sensing

This paper describes a capacitive flow sensor and the development of a suitable algorithm for the determination of the slug length and the slug velocity in pneumatic dense phase conveying. The flow meter makes use of novel electrode topology. The algorithm is based on a two‐step approach using Fourier transformation. It allows for robust operation and features sub‐sample resolution for the flow parameters obtained. A process model for dense phase conveying is used to validate the proposed algorithm. Practical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the applicability of both the capacitive flow sensor and the algorithm in pneumatic dense phase conveying.     

水平管内栓塞流气力输送的动理学模拟

波状栓塞流是气力输送中的一种典型流型。为了发展更为准确和细致的栓塞流数学模型,本文引入动理学理论建立气-固两相波状栓塞流动的数学模型,对管道内的波状栓塞流动进行了三维数值研究,再现了流动过程中栓塞和堆积层的形成、运动过程,得到了压力降、空气速度、栓塞长度和堆积层厚度等重要的流动参数;栓塞长度、堆积层体厚度随空气表观速度的变化等一些细微流动特征得到了体现,表明动理学理论能够反映出栓塞流这种非连续高浓度气-固流动的物理本质,具有很好的适用性。本文的研究为栓塞流数值模型的发展引入了一种新的数学工具和思路。     

稠密可压缩气粒两相流动中的等熵声速计算建模及物理规律

气体相与颗粒相混合流场的声速研究, 由于具有重要的基础理论价值与广泛的工程应用背景, 逐渐受到人们重视. 针对稠密可压缩气粒两相流动, 综合考虑颗粒相所占空间体积以及颗粒间相互作用, 推导给出了新的等熵声速计算公式; 新公式包含了已有的纯气体、稀疏气粒两相流情形的计算公式作为其特例, 一方面验证了公式推导的正确性, 另一方面说明新公式更具有通用性; 分析了不同颗粒质量分数条件下的声速变化规律, 相应结果与普朗特的理论分析符合, 特别对于稠密气粒两相流动工况得到了一些新的物理认识; 开展了颗粒间相互作用建模参数的物理分析, 揭示了其对气粒两相流动声速的影响机理. 本文取得的成果为稠密可压缩气粒两相流动研究以及相关工程应用提供理论支撑.     

In situ synchrotron high‐energy X‐ray diffraction analysis on phase transformations in Ti–Al alloys processed by equal‐channel angular pressing

Mixtures of 47‐Al and 53‐Ti powders (atomic %) have been consolidated using back pressure equal‐channel angular pressing starting with both raw and ball‐milled powders. In situ synchrotron high‐energy X‐ray diffraction studies are presented with continuous Rietveld analysis obtained upon a heating ramp from 300 K to 1075 K performed after the consolidation process. Initial phase distributions contain all intermetallic compounds of this system except Al, with distribution maxima in the outer regions of the concentrations (α‐Ti, TiAl₃). Upon annealing, the phase evolution and lattice parameter changes owing to chemical segregation, which is in favour for the more equilibrated phases such as γ‐TiAl, α₂‐Ti₃Al and TiAl₂, were followed unprecedentedly in detail. An initial δ‐TiH₂ content with a phase transition at about 625 K upon heating created an intermediate β‐Ti phase which played an important role in the reaction chain and gradually transformed into the final products.     

X-ray Diffraction Study of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 Te Under High Pressure and Temperature

Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation has been used to study phase transformations of Cd 0.8 Zn 0.2 Te under high pressure and temperature. We confirm the presence of a cinnabar phase between the zinc-blende and rock-salt phases. But contrary to the results in CdTe, this intermediate phase is found to be stable only on pressure decrease and in a narrower pressure and temperature range. Single-phase cinnabar patterns are obtained only at 300 and 373 K. At 673 K and above, even on pressure decrease, no evidence of the cinnabar phase is found. In this temperature range, a phase segregation phenomenon is observed in the zinc-blende phase during the zinc-blende transition in both upstroke and downstroke, and the retrieved sample at ambient conditions presents a double pattern corresponding to two different Zn contents.     

A martensitic phase transition in nanocrystalline 3Y-TZP powders under hydrostatic pressure conditions

The aim of this study was to produce yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowders from zirconium oxychloride and zirconium oxynitrate salts using a co-precipitation technique, and to investigate the influence of hydrostatic pressure on the phase transition in these powders. It is shown that synthesis conditions and calcination temperature have a strong influence on the nanopowder's agglomeration, as well as on the stability of the tetragonal phase to phase transition under pressure conditions. Doped zirconia nanopowders synthesized from oxynitrate salts are more agglomerated and more stable than the oxychloride-based powders. Increasing the role of interfacial energy in agglomerated nanopowders leads to an increase in the stability of the tetragonal phase in doped zirconia nanopowders systems obtained at low and high calcination temperatures. Formation of separated nanoparticles at middle calcination temperature leads to a decrease in the stability of the tetragonal phase to phase transition under hydrostatic pressure conditions.     

Characteristics and heat treatment of cold-sprayed Al-Sn binary alloy coatings

In this study, Al-Sn binary alloy coatings were prepared with Al-5 wt.% Sn (Al-5Sn) and Al-10 wt.% Sn (Al-10Sn) gas atomized powders by low pressure and high pressure cold spray process. The microstructure and microhardness of the coatings were characterized. To understand the coarsening of tin in the coating, the as-sprayed coatings were annealed at 150, 200, 250 and 300 °C for 1 h, respectively. The effect of annealing on microstructure and the bond strength of the coatings were investigated. The results show that Al-5Sn coating can be deposited by high pressure cold spray with nitrogen while Al-10Sn can only be deposited by low pressure cold spray with helium gas. Both Al-5Sn and Al-10Sn coatings present dense structures. The fraction of Sn in as-sprayed coatings is consistent with that in feed stock powders. The coarsening and/or migration of Sn phase in the coatings were observed when the annealing temperature exceeds 200 °C. Furthermore, the microhardness of the coatings decreased significantly at the annealing temperature of 250 °C. EDXA analysis shows that the heat treatment has no significant effect on fraction of Sn phase in Al-5Sn coatings. Bonding strength of as-sprayed Al-10Sn coating is slightly higher than that of Al-5Sn coating. Annealing at 200 °C can increase the bonding strength of Al-5Sn coatings.     

Phase transition and bistable phenomenon of granular flows down a chute with successive turnings

This paper studies the granular flow down a chute with two successive turnings, which play the role of bottlenecks for the granular flow system and determine the granular flow state in main section between them. With the increase of main section width D, phase transition from dilute to dense granular flow is observed: When the main section width D is small (large), the granular flow at upper (lower) bottleneck is dense and the granular flow is dilute (dense) in the main section. More interestingly, a bistable region is exhibited, in which either dilute flow or dense flow may occur and continue for the entire run. In this region, the packing in the reservoir will affect initial flow rate and then affect the flow pattern. This study can be viewed as a paradigm for the jamming and unjamming transitions under shear due to gravity.     

密相气力输送颗粒静电波动信号多尺度分析

在加压密相气力输送实验装置上获得了不同操作条件下煤粉颗粒静电波动信号,并用Hilbert-Huang变换、功率谱进行分析.结果表明:随着表观速度的增加,静电波动信号主峰值的频率增大;静电波动信号希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang)揭示了气固两相流静电信号的非线性和非平稳特征,随气固两相流颗粒相浓度降低和颗粒及...