Use of fibre gratings for bit skew compensation in all optical bit parallel WDM systems

We demonstrate transmission of two wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) bit parallel channels over 100 km of standard single mode fibre link using direct-modulated laser diodes at 10 Gbit/s channel. Step-chirped fibre gratings are used to simultaneously compensate to bit skew and dispersion. Bit skew of approximately 2.5 ns due to the fibre dispersion is completely compensated. Our work show shows that the step-chirped fibre grating technique can eliminate the bit skew for bit parallel WDM systems operating at Gbit rate over hundreds of kilometres of fibre link.     

Minimization of Cross-Gain Saturation in Wavelength Division Multiplexing by Optimizing Differential Gain in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

We successfully simulated the 10 × 40 Gbit/s soliton RZ-DPSK WDM signals over 1050 km with spectral efficiency approaching 0.4 bit/s/Hz using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) as in-line amplifier. The cross-gain saturation of SOA can be minimized by settling crosstalk at a lower level by decreasing the differential gain. This decrease in differential gain is in such a way that we get nil power penalty. The maximum transmission distance of 1050 km is possible with differential gain 210 atto cm² of SOA.

The impact of amplification factor, ASE noise power, crosstalk, quality factor and bit error rate for different differential gain has been investigated. It has been shown that with the increase in differential gain of SOA, the transmission distance goes on decreasing. At high value of differential gain 2.5 × 10^-16 cm² for the transmission distance 1050 km, all channels produce inter channel crosstalk with bit error rate greater than 10^-6. But for lower differential gain 190 atto cm², the quality of all channel increases at the cost of large power penalty.

With slight increase in differential gain 200 atto cm², the maximum transmission distance observed is 4550 km with quality of received signal more than 15 dB and having nil power penalty. We observed clear eye diagrams and optical power spectra for received signal with transmission distance 1050 km and 4550 km using soliton RZ-DPSK system. The bit error rate for all channels increase more than 10^-10 with the increase in launched input power that is due to power saturation.     

水声通信中低码速率语音编码算法的研究

中远距离(>10 km)水声语音通信时,由于可利用带宽窄、复杂多变等不利因素对信息传输率的制约,语音编码速率应降到尽可能的低。利用水声信道传播时延大的特点,结合人耳听觉感知的特性,在深入研究混合激励线性预测编码(MELP)标准之后,提出一种语音编码速率可调节的变比特率语音编码算法。其平均码速率约600 bps,主观语音质量评估平均得分(PESQ MOS)约2.8分。对该编码算法性能进行了计算机仿真和海上实验验证。实验及仿真表明,在误码率不高于10-3时,本算法表现良好且稳定,合成语音清晰可懂,易于辨认说话人。      

Directly modulated DBR lasers for long-haul transmission at 1.7 Gbit/s

We demonstrate 1.7 Gbit/s transmission through 257 km of conventional fiber using directly modulated distributed-Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers and fiber amplifiers. This experiment resulted in a record bit rate distance product of 437 km Gb/s for direct modulation at rates between 1 and 3 Gbit/s. This paper has been accepted for presentation at OFC '92.     

Large Signal Analysis of FM-AM Conversion in Dispersive Optical Fibers for PCM Systems Including Second Order Dispersion

By using large signal analysis for dispersive optical fiber, the FM-AM conversion with respect to binary intensity modulated PCM systems including second order dispersion term is discussed. The modified expression for power penalty has been derived and its impact on laser linewidth and bit rate has been investigated. For power penalty less than 0.5 dB, the plots between bit rate and transmission distance are plotted. It is seen that the transmission distance increases with decrease in linewidth over significant bit rates. The transmission distance with first order dispersion term for 300 MHz linewidth is approximately 800km. With proper first order dispersion compensation, i.e., with second order dispersion only, the transmission distance can be enhanced to 10 8 km for this linewidth. The linewidth requirements for systems with different bit rates and transmission distances are also calculated and discussed. Further, it is seen that by including the second-order dispersion term, the bit rate and transmission distance decreases. For higher linewidths, this decrease in bit rate and transmission distance is very less and vice versa. For 300 MHz linewidth, the decrease in transmission distance is just 30 km, and for 30 MHz linewidth, the decrease is approximately 600 km over significant bit rates.     

Directly modulated DBR lasers for long-haul transmission at 1.7 Gbit/s

Abstract

We demonstrate 1.7 Gbit/s transmission through 257 km of conventional fiber using directly modulated distributed-Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers and fiber amplifiers. This experiment resulted in a record bit rate distance product of 437 km Gb/s for direct modulation at rates between 1 and 3 Gbit/s. This paper has been accepted for presentation at OFC '92.     

基于泊松分布单光子源的量子误码率的分析

在自由空间量子密钥分配中,单光子源采用具有泊松分布的高度衰减激光脉冲,量子密码术协议采用BB84和B92协议。通过引入量子信道传输率、单光子捕获概率、测量因子和数据筛选因子,建立了量子误码率理论模型,给出了量子误码率的表达式。对于自由空间量子信道,引起量子误码率的主要因素是光学元件、探测器暗噪声和空间光学环境,并对这些因素进行了分析。针对低轨卫星_地面站间链路,进行了量子误码率的数值仿真研究。结果表明,在低轨卫星_地面站间进行量子密钥分配是可行的,限制自由空间量子密钥分配链路距离的主要因素是探测器暗噪声和空间光学环境。     

一种低重频高码率紫外光通信方法和系统

针对低重频光源要实现高码率数据传输的问题,采用紫外激光器作为光源,研究了4-PPM调制解调算法,在FPGA上实时实现该算法,并由此构建了一套基于紫外激光器的紫外光通信系统。外场通信实验表明,在紫外激光器脉冲重复频率为20kHz的条件下,通信系统可实现码率高达40kbit/s的数据传输,误码率优于10-4。     

Characteristics of scintillations and bit error rate of partially coherent rectangular array beams in turbulence

According to the paraxial form of the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the analytical formulas of the on-axis average irradiance and the on-axis scintillation index for a rectangular array Gaussian Schell-model (RAGSM) beams in atmospheric turbulence have been derived. The on-axis bit error rate has been analyzed quantitatively. Their effects of the turbulence intensity, the initial correlation length, and the array parameters including the beamlet number (M and N) and the array separation distance (x₀ and y₀) have been discussed. The results show that the correlated and uncorrelated superposition RAGSM beams exhibit the different on-axis intensity distribution, the similar variation of the on-axis scintillation and the bit error rate. At the nearer propagation distance the on-axis scintillation rises against propagation distance with the increasing beamlet number and the decreasing array separation distance, whereas the situation is reversed at the farther propagation distance. The effects of array parameters on the bit error rate are similar to that on the scintillation. For a given propagation distance the scintillation index increases with the stronger coherence and the larger waist width of the array beam.     

沙尘信道下激光通信系统的性能分析

沙尘对激光信号的散射和吸收作用会引起激光信号的严重衰减,本文结合我国沙尘粒子的半径分布特征,在考虑含水影响的基础上,研究了沙尘对激光信号衰减特性的影响,得到了接收端信噪比的表达式;同时针对OOK调制,推导了沙尘天气下激光通信系统的误码率和信道容量。仿真分析了能见度、传输距离、含水量以及激光波长等因素对误码率和信道容量的影响。结果表明:随着含水量和传输距离的增大以及大气能见度的减小,系统的误码率会呈现出不断增大的趋势,而信道容量则呈现减小的趋势。在能见度为4 km的情况下,波长为1 550 nm、传输距离为1 km时系统的误码率可达10~(-2)数量级,且归一化信道容量为8.48 bps/Hz。     

Experimental quantum key distribution with decoy states

To increase dramatically the distance and the secure key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD), the idea of quantum decoys--signals of different intensities--has recently been proposed. Here, we present the first experimental implementation of decoy state QKD. By making simple modifications to a commercial quantum key distribution system, we show that a secure key generation rate of 165 bit/s, which is 1/4 of the theoretical limit, can be obtained over 15 km of a telecommunication fiber. We also show that with the same experimental parameters, not even a single bit of secure key can be extracted with a non-decoy-state protocol. Compared to building single photon sources, decoy state QKD is a much simpler method for increasing the distance and key generation rate of unconditionally secure QKD.     

Gain Flattening Approach to Physical EDFA for 16 × 40 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK WDM Optical Communication Systems

We are using different approaches to gain flattening in EDFAs without using additional components; i.e., gain flattening filter, dispersion shift fiber, periodic gratings, etc. By using gain flatten approach 3, it is possible to achieve the transmission of sixteen channels at 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) over a transmission distance of 490 km by single-mode fiber and dispersion-compensating fiber at a span of 70 km with channel spacing of 200 GHz. We observed the bit error rate less than 10^-9 and power of received signal more than -5 dBm with NRZ-DPSK format.     

Gain Flattening Approach to Physical EDFA for 16 × 40 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK WDM Optical Communication Systems

We are using different approaches to gain flattening in EDFAs without using additional components; i.e., gain flattening filter, dispersion shift fiber, periodic gratings, etc. By using gain flatten approach 3, it is possible to achieve the transmission of sixteen channels at 40 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) over a transmission distance of 490 km by single-mode fiber and dispersion-compensating fiber at a span of 70 km with channel spacing of 200 GHz. We observed the bit error rate less than 10^-9 and power of received signal more than -5 dBm with NRZ-DPSK format.     

一种基于DFT时域插值的OFDM水声信道估计改进方法

信道估计作为OFDM通信系统中的重要部分,其性能关系到整个系统的误比特率。本文提出了一种基于DFT时域插值的信道估计改进方法,用于OFDM水声通信系统。该方法利用噪声门限抑制多径之间的信道估计噪声,计算简单,达到较好的信道估计效果。对该方法进行了理论分析,仿真实验以及海试。在海试中得到传输距离2km,有效数据率2.8kbit/s,证明该方法可以用于中短程浅海水声通信。     

W-band Communication System with Direct Frequency Shift Keying Modulation to Phase-locked Oscillator

Based on the theory of phase-locked loop, the analysis and simulation of direct frequency shift keying to phase-locked oscillator is presented. Then, a W-band digital communication system is developed, in which the millimeter wave phase-locked oscillator of the transmitter is modulated directly by 15grades 2048 kbit/s signal. The results of the experiment in the field show that the phase-locked loop has little influence on the modulating signal. It is a good way to simplify the transmitter configuration and suitable for high bit rate communication.     

2.87-Gb/s random bit generation based on bandwidth-enhanced chaotic laser

We experimentally demonstrate a fast random bit generator (RBG) based on bandwidth-enhanced chaotic laser from an optical feedback laser diode with optical injection.The bandwidth-enhanced chaotic signal is sampled and converted to a binary sequence in real time without the need of programming for off-line processing.Multi-rate bit sequences,with the fastest rate of up to 2.87 Gb/s,are obtained with verified randomness.     

基于互注入半导体激光器的混沌输出产生17.5 Gbit/s随机码

采用两个借助光纤连接的相互注入半导体激光器,实验获取了10 GHz超宽带混沌种子信号.通过8-bit模数转换器将混沌信号转换为二进制数据流,并进行进一步的逻辑异或处理和舍弃最高有效位操作,最终获得了能顺利通过美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standard and Technology,简记为NIST)800-22标准测试以及Diehard测试,速率达17.5 Gbit/s的高速随机码. 关键词： 随机码 混沌激光 互注入半导体激光器     

Cryptanalysis of Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing of Quantum State Using Entangled States

Security of a quantum secret sharing of quantum state protocol proposed by Guo et al. [Chin. Phys. Lett. 25 （2008） 16] is reexamined. It is shown that an eavesdropper can obtain some of the transmitted secret information by monitoring the classical channel or the entire secret by intercepting the quantum states, and moreover, the eavesdropper can even maliciously replace the secret message with an arbitrary message without being detected. Finally, the deep reasons why an eavesdropper can attack this protocol are discussed and the modified protocol is presented to amend the security loopholes.     

Tuileries—philippe-auguste: The first fully engineered high capacity junction line in paris

For many years, the French PTT has devoted great effort for the development of optical fiber systems. Today, several types of applications are planned in the local, urban, or trunk networks. We report here the results of the first junction line, at 0,85 μm, which was installed in August 1980 in Paris. This line consists of a 70-fiber cable pulled over a distance of 7,5 km between two exchange centers, Tuileries and Philippe-Auguste. The bit rate is 34 Mb/s, leading to a potential capacity of 16 800-bidirectional channels.     

Tuileries—philippe-auguste: The first fully engineered high capacity junction line in paris

For many years, the French PTT has devoted great effort for the development of optical fiber systems. Today, several types of applications are planned in the local, urban, or trunk networks. We report here the results of the first junction line, at 0,85 μm, which was installed in August 1980 in Paris. This line consists of a 70-fiber cable pulled over a distance of 7,5 km between two exchange centers, Tuileries and Philippe-Auguste. The bit rate is 34 Mb/s, leading to a potential capacity of 16 800-bidirectional channels.