关于气相色谱比保留体积概念问题的商榷

提出气相色谱中所谓校正到273．15K的“比保留体积”的定义是不科学的,也是没有必要的。分析了问题产生的原因和可能带来的影响。     

Nitrous Oxide as Carrier Gas in Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography

On use of nitrous oxide as carrier gas the retention factors of the chromatographed compounds decrease linearly with increasing average column pressure. Other retention characteristics (relative retention, retention index) change linearly. This effect was demonstrated by using a capillary column coated with nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane phase SE-30. As shown for capillary GLC the linear correlation is valid for the same column:k_i(G₁,P₁) = A k_i(G₂, P₂) + B, where k_i(G₁, P₁) and k_i(G₂,P₂) are the retention factors of compound i at average column pressures P₁ and P₂ when using carrier gases G₁ and G₂, respectively; A and B are coefficients.     

利用气相色谱相对比保留体积估算芳烃的正辛醇/水分配系数

采用气相色谱法在９种常见的固定液上分别测定了１３种芳烃的相对比保留体积,同时对经典的摇瓶法测定了相同化合物的正辛醇／水分配系数,并以此建立了（Ｖｇ〈Ｒ〉－Ｋｖｗ回归方程。利用所建立的回归方程和１３种芳烃化合物的Ｖｇ〈Ｒ〉值对其Ｋｖｗ进行估算的结果表明,选用９种固定液中的任何一种,其Ｋｖｗ估算值的相对误差均在允许的范围内,其中以选用固定液ＤＣ－２００,ＳＥ－３０和ＰＥＧ－２０Ｍ误差较小。     

毛细管气液色谱保留过程的研究

以ＰＥＧ２０Ｍ为代表研究了石英毛细管柱气液色谱保留过程,提出了利用毛细管柱测定分配和吸附常数的公式,并测定了９个温度下的分配和吸附常数。计算了８０℃和１２０℃下４支不同液膜厚度柱上吸附对保留的贡献。结果表明,在薄液膜的柱子上界面吸附对保留具有重要贡献;温度升高可以降低弱极性化合物（如正构烷烃和饱和醚）吸附对保留的贡献,但对其它化合物影响不明显。验证了正构烷烃、２－酮系列和正构伯醇的吸附常数的碳数规律。     

定标粒子理论的气相色谱保留值方程

以定标粒子理论为基础,通过对溶质、溶剂分子间的相互作用加以系统研究,得到了描述溶质、溶剂分子参量及色谱条件对气相色谱过程中溶质容量因子的影响规律。通过实验证实了溶质容量因子在一定范围内与柱压近似呈线性关系,并验证了容量因子与柱温及加和性物性参量的关系。     

气相色谱与液相色谱保留值的换算方法

根据色谱热力学理论,在色谱保留值公式统一形式的基础上导出了气相色谱保留系数（I）与反相液相色谱保留公式参数a,c之间的关系式,证明结构类似化合物的a,c值与保留指数呈线性关系,同时存在氢键作用能、偶极矩作用的影响,从而提出了色相色谱与反相液相色谱保留值换算的方法;该理论为氯代芳烃的文献数据所证实。     

醇类化合物气相色谱保留指数的分子拓扑研究

分子中原子i的特征值(ti)定义为tj＝1 ∑hi。并计算了醇类化合物的氢连接性指数，藉助多元线性回归技术分别建立了25个醇类化合物的指数与这些物质的气相色谱保留指数的定量结构／性质相关关系模型。模型具有良好的稳定性和预测能力，氢连接性指数能较好地反映化合物的结构特征。     

单硫醚气相色谱保留指数拓扑化学研究

在分子拓扑化学理论的基础上,根据分子中原子的特性,用分子中原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色,在距离矩阵的基础上结合分子中各原子的支化度构建一组新的拓扑指数NPm(m=1,2,3),利用多元线性回归技术将单硫醚在4种极性固定相的气相色谱保留指数与NPm(m=1,2,3)建立相应的定量结构-保留相关关系模型(QSRR),并用这种模型对单硫醚的气相色谱保留指数进行预测,结果表明,预测结果和实验值吻合较好。     

Simple Analysis of Amphetamines in Human Whole Blood and Urine by Headspace Capillary Gas Chromatography with Large Volume Injection

Summary A very simple method for the analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine in human whole blood and urine by headspace gas chromatography (GC) has been presented. It neither needs solid-phase microextraction nor cryogenic trapping devices, but only a conventional capillary GC instrument with flame ionization detection (FID). The two special points to be mentioned in this method are the in-matrix derivatization of amphetamines for vaporization and the capability of injection of as large as 5 mL of the headspace vapor into a GC instrument in the splitless mode for sensitive detection. After heating a whole blood or urine sample containing amphetamines, -methylbenzylamine (internal standard, IS) and heptafluoro-n-butyryl chloride under alkaline conditions in a 7.0-mL vial at 90 °C for 20 min, 5 mL of the headspace vapor was drawn with a glass syringe and injected into the gas chromatograph. During injection the column was at 40 °C to trap the analytes, and then the oven temperature was programmed up to 320 °C. Sharp peaks were obtained for each analyte and IS, and only a relatively small number of background impurity peaks for the whole blood and urine samples. The detection limits for each amphetamine were estimated to be 0.1 g mL^–1 for whole blood and 0.03 g mL^–1 for urine. Precision and linearity were also tested to confirm the reliability. Methamphetamine and amphetamine could be determined from whole blood and urine obtained at autopsy in three methamphetamine poisoning cases. The identity of each peak appearing in the gas chromatograms was confirmed by GC/mass spectrometry.     

毛细管气相色谱程序升温条件下保留值的高精度模拟

本文介绍一种高精度模拟色谱保留值的方法，它以有良好共用性的Ｋｏｖａｔｓ指数为基础数据，辅以在所用色谱柱上恒温下测量的系列正构烷烃保留值，加上所设置的程序升温参数，计算出各化合物在所用色谱柱上的热力学量，再从谱带运动方程出发，用数值方法高精度、快速地计算出各化合物在所用程序升温条件下的保留值。定性工作靠保留值检索而完成。本方法对程序升温的形式和阶数无限制。计算数度为：保留时间优于±１％，保留指数优于     

气相色谱中同系物的交点域

根据文献数据对色谱交点规律进行了进一步的研究,提出了交点域的概念,指出气相色谱中同系物ｌｎＶｇ－１／Ｔ直线的交点实际上是一个区域。交点域的形状可由ｌｎＶｇ和１／Ｔ的联合置信域来定性刻画,其大小可由给出的新函数Ｅ作判据予以定量描述。并给出了利用交点规律进行保留体积值预测时,预测效果与实验误差和交点域大小的关系,指出在Ｅ值不大时,化合物本身ｌｎＶｇ－１／Ｔ直线的线性关系好坏往往是影响预测效果的主要因素。在实际应用中,可以按照精度要求根据所掌握的数据情况来选用精确化或粗略化的交点规律。     

甲氧滴涕原药成分的气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析

本文用气相色谱（GC），气相色谱-质谱联用（GC－MS）测定了甲氧滴涕（DMDT）原药中有效成分的含量及11种成分的结构。GC法内标定量结果表明，产品甲氧滴涕原药中有效成份达90％以上。     

Study on Retention in Liquid Chromatography

 After joining the faculty at Toyohashi University of Technology (TUT) in 1978, the author has found two areas in separation sciences where microcolumn liquid chromatography (micro LC) can be beneficial One is the hyphenated techniques between many spectroscopic methods such as mass (MS), infrared (FT IR) and atomic emission (ICP), and micro LC The other one is rather difficult, but basic and theoretical approach which deals with retention mechanism in LC.     

灰色模型预测气相色谱法中的保留值

应用灰色理论中的ＧＭ（１,１）模型,对气相色谱法中容量因子ｋ＇和温度倒数１／Ｔ之间的关系进行了研究,求出了许多火炸药组分的ａ和ｕ值,并随机预测了几种火炸药组分的ｋ＇值。结果指出,灰色理论完全适用于对气相色谱保留值问题的研究,方法也完全能应用于实际工作中。     

毛细管气相色谱活数据库定性

活数据库方法有效地解决了毛细管气相色谱程序升温下的无标样定性问题,详尽讨论了活数据库的方法原理和影响因素,最后以汽油为例,说明活数据库定性方法的实用性。     

Use of Retention Data as the First Step in the Identification of Cyclic Organic Peroxides in Temperature-Programmed Gas Chromatography

Temperature-programmed retention indices for eleven cyclic organic peroxides were determined by gas chromatography on slightly polar 5% biphenyl 95% dimethylpolysiloxane columns (DB-5 and Rtx-5MS) at three heating rates (5, 10, and 20° min⁻¹) from 60 to 300°C, using different chromatographs. Cyclic organic diperoxides and triperoxides had nearly constant retention indices when different heating rates and a short isothermal hold time (5 min) before the programmed increase in temperature were used. The usefulness of temperature-programmed retention indices was shown by using the data to predict the retention times and structures of unknown diperoxides or triperoxides derived from ketones. This is the first step in the identification of unknown cyclic organic peroxides, a process would otherwise require the availability of reference compounds. Revised: 7 and 17 November 2005     

双柱气相色谱法测定有机物的正辛醇/水分配系数

通过对烷烃，醇类等有机物在五种不同极性固定相上的气相色谱保留值的测定，提出了从有机物气相色谱保留值测定其正辛醇/分配系数的公式，研究了从不同极性固定相上测得的保留值来测定其分配系数的准确性，得出烷烃类在所有柱上测得的保留值与其分配系数间均具有很好的关联，烷烃醇类在极性相异柱上的保留值之比值与其分配系数间也有很好的相关性，从而为烷烃及醇类等有机物分配系数的测定提供了一种简单、可靠，易行的新方法。