区间模型非概率可靠性全局最优解

考虑到实际工程中大量存在不确定性因素,将结构中不确定参数描述为凸集变量的一种特殊情况－区间变量,根据区间模型可靠性指标的定义,采用解析方法进行非概率可靠性全局分析。为避免可能失效点遗漏,解析分析从二、三维开始,对平面和空间进行区域划分,根据极限状态函数的形式,指出了可能失效点依赖于极限状态函数的极值点和根植点。通过简单的量值比较,即可确定最可能失效点,进一步可求得可靠性指标。将低维分析方法推广到n维情况,给出了n维空间中用于计算极值点和根植点方程的数量,能够有效避免发生可能失效点遗漏现象,对优化搜索具有指导意义。针对两类算例进行求解,并与已有结果比较,验证了本文解析方法的正确性。     

改进的非概率可靠性全局最优解方法

对于非概率可靠度的求解,改进的一维优化算法计算简便但仅能搜索到部分可能失效点,全局最优解法可搜索所有可能失效点但计算量过大。鉴于此种情况,本文将改进的一维优化算法与全局最优解法相结合,吸收两种方法的优点提出改进的全局最优解法。提出的方法通过变量的单调性来确定变量的取值,在不遗漏可能失效点的前提下,减少根值方程组的数目,从而降低计算量,提高计算效率。通过算例分析,证明了提出的改进的全局最优解法的有效性和可行性。     

一种基于凸集-概率混合模型的结构可靠性分析法

本文建立一种凸集-概率混合模型下的结构可靠性分析方法。考虑椭球模型和区间模型两种不同类型的凸集模型,在标准空间内通过拉丁超立方抽样生成样本点,通过矩阵变换将其转换到凸集空间内,得到凸集变量的样本点;将凸集变量样本点代入极限状态方程,从而混合可靠性模型转变为纯概率可靠性模型;利用Laplace渐进积分法对每个极限状态方程进行失效概率求解,统计结果的最大值和最小值,得到失效概率的上、下界,研究了凸集变量的个数对结果的影响,通过失效概率的变异系数描述计算结果的稳定性;通过三个算例验证了计算结果的精度,并采用混合模型的蒙特卡洛法进行对比计算。研究表明：本文所提方法计算精度和效率均较高;凸集模型的类型会对结果产生较大影响;为使结果趋于稳定,椭球模型所需的凸集样本点个数多于区间模型;若凸集样本点数目相同,椭球模型的失效概率计算结果变异系数较小,稳定性高于区间模型。     

一种基于凸集-概率混合模型的结构可靠性分析法

本文建立一种凸集-概率混合模型下的结构可靠性分析方法。考虑椭球模型和区间模型两种不同类型的凸集模型,在标准空间内通过拉丁超立方抽样生成样本点,通过矩阵变换将其转换到凸集空间内,得到凸集变量的样本点;将凸集变量样本点代入极限状态方程,从而混合可靠性模型转变为纯概率可靠性模型;利用Laplace渐进积分法对每个极限状态方程进行失效概率求解,统计结果的最大值和最小值,得到失效概率的上、下界,研究了凸集变量的个数对结果的影响,通过失效概率的变异系数描述计算结果的稳定性;通过三个算例验证了计算结果的精度,并采用混合模型的蒙特卡洛法进行对比计算。研究表明：本文所提方法计算精度和效率均较高;凸集模型的类型会对结果产生较大影响;为使结果趋于稳定,椭球模型所需的凸集样本点个数多于区间模型;若凸集样本点数目相同,椭球模型的失效概率计算结果变异系数较小,稳定性高于区间模型。     

二维弹性随机边界元与可靠性分析

本文利用对随机变量求偏导数的方法，推导了二维弹性随机边界积分方程及其相应的公式，考虑了随机边界条件、材料性能参数随机量以及几何尺寸随机因素等。本文还将所发展的方法用于结构静强度的可靠性分析。算例分析表明，本文数值结果与ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟和理论解相比是十分满意的。     

一种高效的概率-证据混合可靠性分析方法An efficient structural reliability anslysis method with both probability variable and evidence variable

针对同时包含概率变量和证据变量的混合不确定性问题,提出了一种高效的结构可靠性分析方法,在保证精度的前提下大幅提高了计算效率。借助证据变量均匀化手段,将传统概率可靠性分析中的最可能失效点（M PP）概念引入概率‐证据混合模型,基于M PP建立线性近似功能函数,并进行高效可靠性分析。最后通过三个工程算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

结构可靠性分析的多平面组合近似方法研究

应用AFOSM法获得最大可能概率失效点和最大可能失效区域,对最大可能失效区域边界进行了近似界定.采用超单位超球坐标构造搜索方向,利用黄金分割法快速求得线性化点,提出一种新的多近似平面的构造方法,避免了构造近似平面的盲目性和无序性.针对多近似平面组成系统的特性,提出基于AFOSM的逐次等效主近似平面方法计算结构的失效概率.算例结果表明,本方法可行有效且效率高,是一种精度较高的结构可靠性近似分析方法.     

On the role of strain and stress state in ductile failure

Using plane strain and axisymmetric notched tensile specimens in combination with finite deformation stress analysis, the strain to initiate failure in a range of structural steels is shown to be co-related by the state of stress for both axisymmetric and plane states of strain. The implications of this result for ductile failure terminated by flow localisation is discussed in the light of the theoretical work on localised flow.     

基于空间应用环境的光纤陀螺可靠性分析

根据光纤陀螺应用于空间应具有长寿命高可靠性的要求,对空间应用环境进行了分析,结合空间应用的环境,采用故障树分析的方法对数字闭环干涉式光纤陀螺进行了可靠性分析.根据可靠性分析的结果,找出了光纤陀螺的薄弱环节,并对重要且出现故障概率大的器件如光源和光纤环的故障机理进行了分析,提出了改进设计措施,并已应用在光纤陀螺产品的设计中.     

Space and space-time longitudinal velocity correlations in the turbulent far wake of a flat plate in incompressible flow

This paper presents longitudinal space and space-time conventional velocity correlations measured in the wake of a two-dimensional flat-plate at zero incidence, with fully-turbulent boundary layers at its sharp trailing edge. Iso-correlation contour plots are given in the plane of symmetry and normal to this plane in the assumed asymptotic (in the mean velocity sense) part. Comparisons with initially laminar 2-D wake results show that the classical Double-Roller-Eddy model developed for initially laminar wakes is not adapted to initially turbulent wakes; on the other hand, comparison with supersonic wake of the same nature seems to confirm this conclusion. The lack of detailed experimental data in this field is outlined, together with the need of a refined theoretical approach to the coherent structures existing in such flows.     

非正态变量可靠性分析的鞍点线抽样方法

结合鞍点概率分布估计和传统线抽样方法的优点,提出了非正态变量可靠性分析的鞍点线抽样方法。传统的线抽样方法对非正态变量问题进行可靠性分析时需将非正态变量等价转换为标准正态变量,非正态变量向标准正态变量的非线性转换将增加响应功能函数的非线性程度,进而加大了转换后响应函数失效概率估计的难度。所提鞍点线抽样方法则无需将非正态变量转化为标准正态变量,它利用鞍点概率分布估计方法可以直接估计非正态变量空间中线性响应函数概率分布的特点,并利用线抽样方法可以将非线性功能函数的失效概率转化为一系列线性功能函数失效概率平均值进行估计的优点,实现了非正态变量空间非线性功能函数失效概率的高精度估计。鞍点线抽样方法使用前需将变量进行标准化变换,这种变换是线性的,通过对变量的标准化变换可以消除变量的量纲,从而使得标准化变量空间概率分布更具规律性。理论推导可以证明：鞍点线抽样方法在基本变量服从正态分布时将退化为传统的线抽样方法。算例验证结果表明：针对非线性功能函数的可靠性问题,鞍点线抽样方法比传统的直接鞍点估计具有更高的精度。     

水压致裂过程分析的数值试验方法

应用自主开发的岩石破坏过程渗流与应力耦合分析软件F－RFPA^2D研究均质,非均质岩石水压致裂过程,对比理论解验证数值模拟软件的可靠性,为该问题破裂机制的研究提供新的分析方法。     

Planning and control of 3-D nano-manipulation

The use of atomic force microscope (AFM) as a nanomanipulator has been evolving for various kinds of nano-manipulation tasks. Due to the bow effect of the piezo scanner of the AFM, the AFM space is different from the Cartesian space. Traditional nanomanipulation based on AFM is only a 2-D operation and does not consider the bow effect of the piezotube. In this paper, different 3-D nanomanipulation tasks using AFM such as nanolithography, pushing and cutting have been discussed. 3-D path planning is performed directly in the AFM space and the 3-D paths are generated based on the 3-D topography information of the surface represented in the AFM space. This approach can avoid the mappings between the AFM space and Cartesian space in planning. By following the generated motion paths, the tip can either follow the topography of the surface or move across the surface by avoiding collision with bumps. Nanomanipulation using this method can be considered as the “true“ 3-D operations since the cantilever tip can be controlled to follow any desired 3-D trajectory within the range of AFM space. The experimental study shows the effectiveness of the planning and control scheme.     

非概率可靠性指标空间搜索算法

考虑不确定参数为区间变量,研究求解非概率可靠性指标的空间搜索算法。针对功能函数呈非线性性态的特征,采用切平面与G=0平面交线对非线性功能函数进行线性化处理,利用等倾线与等效线性功能函数的交点确定迭代点。经优化搜索,当功能函数取0值时,确定了最可能失效点,进一步确定非概率可靠性指标。经数值算例验证了本文提出的优化搜索算法具有较高的搜索效率,与相关结果比较验证了算法的正确性。     

Advanced response surface method for mechanical reliability analysis

Based on the classical response surface method (RSM), a novel RSM using improved experimental points (EPs) is presented for reliability analysis. Two novel points are included in the presented method. One is the use of linear interpolation, from which the total EPs for determining the RS are selected to be closer to the actual failure surface; the other is the application of sequential linear interpolation to control the distance between the surrounding EPs and the center EP, by which the presented method can ensure that the RS fits the actual failure surface in the region of maximum likelihood as the center EPs converge to the actual most probable point (MPP). Since the fitting precision of the RS to the actual failure surface in the vicinity of the MPP, which has significant contribution to the probability of the failure surface being exceeded, is increased by the presented method, the precision of the failure probability calculated by RS is increased as well. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.     

Sound transmission from stiffened double laminated composite plates

An analytical model is developed to investigate the sound transmission loss from orthogonally rib-stiffened double laminated composite plates structure under a plane sound wave excitation, in which first order shear deformation theory is presented for laminated composite plates. By using the space harmonic approach and virtual work principle, the sound transmission loss is described analytically. The validity and feasibility of the model are verified by comparing the present theoretical predictions with numerical results published previously. The influences of structure geometrical parameters on sound transmission loss are subsequently presented. Through numerical results, it can be concluded that the proposed analytical model is accurate and simple in solving the vibroacoustic behavior of an orthogonally rib-stiffened double laminated composite plates.     

关于脆性岩体岩爆成因的理论分析

大型工程开挖中,高地应力环境下高储能脆性岩体通常会通过脆性破裂快速释放应变能,产生岩爆。针对这类岩爆现象进行了一系列理论探讨,认为:(1)开挖条件下脆性岩体的岩爆破坏主要为张破裂或者张剪性破裂,破裂角一般较小,呈薄片状或刀口状。笔者认为开挖产生次生张应力和压剪应力条件下微裂纹裂尖出现张应力是可能的,因此采用格里菲斯强度理论研究开挖岩体破裂是有效的; (2)以格里菲斯强度理论为基础,分析了岩体在二维和三维情形下的岩爆破裂应力判据和破裂角,指出在有张应力的条件下,岩体的剪破裂角会减小,直至为零,这就解释了开挖面附近薄片状、刀口状破裂现象的原因; (3)分析了脆性岩体岩爆破裂的能量过程,指出张性破裂所耗能量较小,而张剪性和压剪性破裂耗能较高。认为岩爆破裂消耗的能量主要转化为新生裂纹的表面能和破裂碎片的动能,并指出表面能所占比例较动能为小。由此解释了脆性岩体岩爆破坏以动力效应为主的特征; (4)本文理论分析成果的工程应用价值在于:可以预示开挖脆性岩体破裂部位、破裂方式和破裂范围; 提出岩爆破裂的张性应力控制依据。     

Theoretical statistical solution and numerical simulation of heterogeneous brittle materials

The analytical stress-strain relation with heterogeneous parameters is derived for theheterogeneous brittle materials under a uniaxial extensional load, in which the distributions of theelastic modulus and the failure strength are assumed to be statistically independent. This theoreticalsolution gives an approximate estimate of the equivalent stress-strain relations for 3-D heterogeneousmaterials. In one-dimensional cases it may provide comparatively accurate results. The theoreticalsolution can help us to explain how the heterogeneity influences the mechanical behaviors, Further, anumerical approach is developed to model the non-linear behavior of three-dimensional heterogeneousbrittle materials. The lattice approach and statistical techniques are applied to simulate the initialheterogeneity of heterogeneous materials. The load increment in each loading stage is adaptivelydetermined so that the better approximation of the failure process can be realized. When the maximumtensile principal strain exceeds the failure strain, the elements are considered to be broken, which canbe carried out by replacing its Young‘s modulus with a very small value. A 3-D heterogeneous brittlematerial specimen is simulated during a full failure process. The numerical results are in good agreementwith the analytical solutions and experimental data.     

基于改进等效平面法的结构系统可靠性分析

将复相关理论引入到结构系统可靠性分析中, 推导了并联体系等效功能函数 的递推公式, 提出了复相关等效平面法. 解决了等效平面法等效原则中不包含相关性信息的 问题, 克服了等效平面法计算并联体系误差大的缺点. 通过算例证明该方法有较高的计算精度, 优于传统结构系统可靠性分析方法, 适合大型结构系统的可靠性分析.     

弹性力学平面问题可靠度分析的蒙特卡罗边界元法

以样条虚边界元法作为样本试验方法,采用蒙特卡罗法进行弹性力学平面问题可靠度分析.为了提高计算效率,引入Taylor展开和Neumann展开技术,避免在大量样本计算中直接生成影响矩阵及对其进行求逆运算,降低了单次样本计算时间;同时引入重要抽样技术,在相同精度情况下减少了蒙特卡罗法的抽取样本数.算例结果表明,该文提出的Taylor-Neumann展开重要抽样蒙特卡罗样条虚边界元法具有良好的计算精度和相当高的计算效率.