Synthesis of time series for the clearness index using a reordering algorithm

Summary Two insolation series, 4 and 8 years long, collected in different sites of the country, are used to contrast the behaviour of a statistical model for the clearness index, developed by the authors. This model is based on the independence between the stationary and the sequential statistic of clearness index series. A set of prospective clearness index coefficients is reordered until acquiring the sequential behaviour. A computer code has been developed to this end.     

Competitiveness Analysis Results for Photovoltaic Microgeneration Systems in the Russian Federation

Doklady Physics - The results from evaluating the economic feasibility of ownership of photovoltaic (PV) microgeneration systems with reference to the consumed energy cost criterion are presented....     

Radioactive Waste Classification in the Russian Federation and the USA

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Approaches to the system of radioactive waste classification in the USA and the Russian Federation were considered. The variety of sources of radioactive waste generation...     

Cumulative Clearness Index Frequency Distributions on the Territory of the Russian Federation

Cumulative distributions of clearness index values are constructed for the territory of Russia based on ground observation results and NASA POWER data. The obtained distributions lie close to each other, which means that the NASA POWER data can be used in solar power installations simulation at temperate and high latitudes. Approximation of the obtained distributions is carried out. The values of equation coefficients for the cumulative clearness index distributions constructed for a wide range of climatic conditions are determined. Equations proposed for a tropical climate are used in the calculations, so they can be regarded as universal ones.     

Entropy Method of Road Safety Management: Case Study of the Russian Federation

Within the framework of this paper, the author’s entropy method of road safety management in large-sized systems is considered. The road safety management system in the Russian Federation, the largest country in the world, was selected for this case study. The purpose of the article is to present the opportunities and methodology of the use of quantitative assessments of the orderliness of the road accident rate formation process in regional transport systems for road safety management. Orderliness, in other words, systemic anti-chaos, can be quantified using the C. Shannon informational entropy H. The article consists of the results of the issue’s state analysis; methodology of assessment of the orderliness of the road accident rate formation process based on the using of the cause-and-effect chain; entropic method of the road safety management in large-scale systems, in particular, the algorithm of management of regional road safety in Russia taking into account the level of its entropic orderliness; and examples of the quantitative evaluation of the orderliness of regional road safety provision systems in Russia. The key results of the research are spatio-temporal patterns of the change of the orderliness of the road safety provision systems in the Russian Federation in 2004–2020. Based on the results, conclusions and recommendations about the practical application of the entropic method of road safety management in large federal states with complex administrative structures were formulated. These results give an idea of the possibilities of the usage of entropic approaches in road safety management to assess the orderliness of the regional transport systems and the advantages of the entropic method over other managerial methods.     

Generalized frequency selection in multifrequency interferometry

We present a generalized frequency selection method for N-frequency interferometry to form an optimum geometric series at synthetic wavelengths. The absolute range that is measurable is bounded by the number of beat frequency operations, phase noise, and the number of wavelengths used to form the geometric series of synthetic wavelengths. Theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results from a full-field fringe projector. A comparison of this technique with the method of excess fractions shows orders-of-magnitude faster processing with similar measurement reliability.     

Positive Trend of Surface Ozone in the North of the Privolzhskii Federal Region of the Russian Federation

The results of long-term continuous measurements of surface ozone concentrations, performed in 2010–2016 in the relatively low-urbanized region in the north of the Privolzhskii Federal Region of the Russian Federation (Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov oblast) are presented. A regular increase in the amplitude of diurnal variations of yearly average surface ozone concentrations is detected. The possible causes of this phenomenon can be both an increase in the atmospheric concentration of pollutants, i.e., precursors of tropospheric ozone, and climatic changes.     

Generalized Born–Infeld actions and projective cubic curves

We investigate supersymmetric Born–Infeld Lagrangians with a second non–linearly realized supersymmetry. The resulting non–linear structure is more complex than the square root present in the standard Born–Infeld action, and nonetheless the quadratic constraints determining these models can be solved exactly in all cases containing three vector multiplets. The corresponding models are classified by cubic holomorphic prepotentials. Their symmetry structures are associated to projective cubic varieties.     

Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants: The ways of its implementation in the Russian Federation

The situation in Russia concerning the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) aimed at ending their production and use and reducing emissions is examined. The data on the quantities of POPs accumulated in the Russian Federation are presented: to date, the total amount of polychlorobiphenyls is assessed as up to 30000 tons and of obsolete pesticides as 40000 tons. The total emission of dioxins in Russia is estimated to be ??1.8 kg toxic equivalent, with the main contributions coming from burning waste dumps, forest fires, and hazardous waste incineration. A number of ways to destroy waste POPs are analyzed. Advantages of waste disposal technology by incineration in an excess of oxygen are discussed. The need to elaborate measures for the destruction and disposal of POPs is emphasized.     

Comparison between the dispersion curves calculated in complex frequency and the minima of the reflection coefficients for an embedded layer

Analytical solutions of Lamb functions for symmetric and antisymmetric elastodynamic modes propagating within a solid layer embedded in an infinite medium are presented. Alternative theoretical analyses of such modes are performed, first in terms of the usual approach of harmonic heterogeneous plane waves (real frequency and complex slowness) and then in terms of transient homogeneous plane waves (complex frequency and real slowness). An example structure of a 0.1-mm-thick "alpha case" (an oxygen-rich phase of titanium that is relatively stiff) plate embedded in titanium is used for the study. A large difference between the usual dispersion curves calculated in real frequency and complex slowness and those calculated in complex frequency and real slowness is shown. Thus the choice between a spatial and a temporal parameter to describe the imaginary part of the guided waves is shown to be significant. The minima and the zeros of the longitudinal and shear plane-wave reflection coefficients are calculated and are compared with the dispersion curves. It is found that they do not match with the dispersion curves for complex slowness, but they do agree quite well with the dispersion curves for complex frequency. This implies that the complex frequency approach is better suited for the comparison of the modal properties with near-field reflection measurements.     

Generalized hypergeometric functions and rational curves on Calabi-Yau complete intersections in toric varieties

We formulate general conjectures about the relationship between the A-model connection on the cohomology of ad-dimensional Calabi-Yau complete intersectionV ofr hypersurfacesV ₁ ,...,V _r in a toric varietyP and the system of differential operators annihilating the special generalized hypergeometric series ⁰ constructed from the fan . Using this generalized hypergeometric series, we propose conjectural mirrorsV ofV and the canonicalq-coordinates on the moduli spaces of Calabi-Yau manifolds.In the second part of the paper we consider some examples of Calabi-Yau 3-folds having Picard number >1 in products of projective spaces. For conjectural mirrors, using the recurrent relation among coefficients of the restriction of the hypergeometric function ⁰ on a special line in the moduli space, we determine the Picard-Fuchs equation satisfied by periods of this special one-parameter subfamily. This allows to obtain some sequences of integers which can be conjecturally interpreted in terms of Gromov-Witten invariants. Using standard techniques from enumerative geometry, first terms of these sequence of integers are checked to coincide with numbers of rational curves on Calabi-Yau 3-folds.     

Defining a stable water isotope framework for isotope hydrology application in a large trans-boundary watershed (Russian Federation/Ukraine)

Stable isotopes of hydrogen (²H) and oxygen (¹⁸O) of the water molecule were used to assess the relationship between precipitation, surface water and groundwater in a large Russia/Ukraine trans-boundary river basin. Precipitation was sampled from November 2013 to February 2015, and surface water and groundwater were sampled during high and low flow in 2014. A local meteoric water line was defined for the Ukrainian part of the basin. The isotopic seasonality in precipitation was evident with depletion in heavy isotopes in November–March and an enrichment in April–October, indicating continental and temperature effects. Surface water was enriched in stable water isotopes from upstream to downstream sites due to progressive evaporation. Stable water isotopes in groundwater indicated that recharge occurs mainly during winter and spring. A one-year data set is probably not sufficient to report the seasonality of groundwater recharge, but this survey can be used to identify the stable water isotopes framework in a weakly gauged basin for further hydrological and geochemical studies.     

Formulae for null curves deriving from elliptic curves

Any elliptic curve can be realised in the tangent bundle of the complex projective line as a double cover branched at four distinct points on the zero section. Such a curve generates, via classical osculation duality, a null curve in C³${\mathbb{C}}^3$ and thus an algebraic minimal surface in R³${\mathbb{R}}^3$. We derive simple formulae for the coordinate functions of such a null curve.     

Precision measurement of the refractive index of air with frequency combs

We report an experimental method for high-precision refractive index measurement using a Michelson interferometer setup with a femtosecond optical frequency comb as the light source. We demonstrate this technique by measuring the refractive index of air, under different pressures, inside a 29 m multipass cell. Both spectral and temporal interferograms are recorded. The method has a sensitivity of 6.2 x 10(-9) and a standard error of 7.4 x 10(-8) at fixed parameters (pressure and temperature). The possible variation of the density factor from the Lorentz-Lorenz equation is also discussed.     

Influence of the frequency and amplitude of Doppler motion on Mössbauer transmission curves

It is shown that the frequency and amplitude of Doppler motion used in Mössbauer spectroscopy may drastically influence the shape of the resonance absorption curves. If the resonance is passed in a time comparable to the lifetime of the Mössbauer state then asymmetric lines and large oscillatory overshoots are observed.     

On the role of fusion neutron source with thorium blanket in forming the nuclide composition of the nuclear fuel cycle of the Russian Federation

The possible role of available thorium resources of the Russian Federation in utilization of thorium in the closed (U–Pu)-fuel cycle of nuclear power is considered. The efficiency of application of fusion neutron sources with thorium blanket for economical use of available thorium resources is demonstrated. The objective of this study is the search for a solution of such major tasks of nuclear power as reduction of the amount of front-end operations in the nuclear fuel cycle and enhancement of its protection against uncontrolled proliferation of fissile materials with the smallest possible alterations in the fuel cycle. The earlier results are analyzed, new information on the amount of thorium resources of the Russian Federation is used, and additional estimates are made. The following basic results obtained on the basis of the assumption of involving fusion reactors with Th-blanket in future nuclear power for generation of the light uranium fraction ^232+233+234U and ²³¹Pa are formulated. (1) The fuel cycle would shift from fissile ²³⁵U to ²³³U, which is more attractive for thermal power reactors. (2) The light uranium fraction is the most “protected” in the uranium fuel component, and being mixed with regenerated uranium, it would become reduced-enrichment uranium fuel, which would relieve the problem of nonproliferation of the fissile material. (3) The addition of ²³¹Pa into the fuel would stabilize its neutron-multiplying properties, thus making it possible to implement a long fuel residence time and, as a consequence, increase the export potential of the whole nuclear power technology. (4) The available thorium resource in the vicinity of Krasnoufimsk is sufficient for operation of the large-scale nuclear power industry of the Russian Federation with an electric power of 70 GW for more than one quarter of a century. The general conclusion is that involvement of a small number of fusion reactors with Th-blanket in the future nuclear power industry of the Russian Federation would to a large extent solve its problems and increase its export potential.     

Receiver structure and estimation of the modulation index for tamed frequency modulated (TFM) signals

Tamed frequency modulation (TFM) is a spectrally efficient constant amplitude continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme which can be simply realized by using a frequency modulator (FM). In the implementation the modulation index of TFM is calibrated to have a nominal value of 0.5, but due to temperature variations it can drift causing time varying phase jitter. In this paper we present novel algorithms and performance results to measure and control the modulation index in a coherent receiver based on the joint reduced state sequence detector (RSSD) and per-survivor processing (PSP) carrier phase estimation. The modulation index estimator measures phase transitions in the receiver and derives estimates by comparing the result to the coding rule of the TFM signal. The estimator has acquisition and tracking ability, and the current estimate can be used to replace the nominal index value. Our simulation results show that the proposed coherent receiver with the novel modulation index estimator has less than 1 dB performance degradation compared to around 4.5 dB exploiting only the PSP carrier phase estimation.