新型被动在轨非连接支撑热结构耦合分析

新型被动在轨非连接支撑(简称PODS)发射和在轨时主要功能元件接触状态不同,其传热路径不同,漏热量也就不同。针对支撑结构发射及在轨时,热应力、惯性载荷及贮箱重量对其漏热的影响,利用ANSYS Workbench中热-结构耦合方法对支撑结构进行分析,得到PODS温度分布、热流分布及不同接触状态下的漏热量。结果表明,不同接触状态下,热变形及漏热量均不同。热变形是热应力和结构应力共同作用的结果,其中,热应力是影响热变形的主要因素。     

新型被动在轨非连接支撑研究现状

支撑结构是低温贮箱及飞行器杜瓦瓶的关键部件,对低温燃料液体的承装及其漏热有重要影响。文中阐述了低温绝热支撑近几年的研究进展,针对新型被动在轨非连接支撑(简称PODS),就其结构、材料及其他相关问题进行了分析。随着新型被动在轨非连接支撑研究的深入,其在空间及工业低温贮箱领域将会获得广泛应用。     

被动在轨非连接支承侧向受力数值特性计算

为了提高被动在轨非连接支承(PODS)对侧向力的阻抗性能,减小低温贮箱通过PODS的漏热量,建立了带纤维丝的被动在轨非连接支承(PODS-IV)和无纤维丝的被动在轨非连接支承(PODS-III)结构三维模型,运用ANSYS workbench有限元软件,对带纤维丝的PODS-IV结构与无纤维丝的PODS-III结构分别进行了侧向力阻抗性能数值模拟计算,得到了侧向力作用在不同位置处两种支承结构各自所能承受的侧向力临界值,以及发生热短路时接触面位移变形云图。结果表明:带纤维丝的PODS-IV较不带纤维丝PODS-III能承受更大的侧向力而不发生热短路,同时随侧向力作用点离冷端距离增加,侧向力临界值相应增大。说明PODS-IV具有更好的支承性能及空间适用性。     

采用不同辐射换热模型对液氦传输管线的数值研究

低温传输管线是大型低温制冷设备中的关键部件之一,采用高真空多层绝热方式减少低温传输管线的漏热。基于Fluent计算平台,分别采用DTRM模型、P1模型、ROSSELAND模型、DO模型、S2S模型对真空环境下的液氦传输管线进行了数值模拟。对比解析计算解,确定了适合液氦低温管真空环境下辐射换热的计算模型,并利用S2S模型对低温传输管线的整体结构进行了模拟。模拟分析表明:S2S模型计算得到的管壁面辐射和温度场与解析解较为接近,更适合真空环境下的壁面辐射换热计算;支撑漏热为主要漏热,管壁面间辐射换热占总漏热量比例较小,整体漏热小于1W/m,满足设计需求。     

变密度多层绝热最优层密度研究

基于正交实验法对变密度多层绝热(VD-MLI)设计不同层密度组合方案,同时采用逐层传热分析模型进行漏热量计算。结果表明不同层密度组合的VD-MLI漏热量不同,VD-MLI最优层密度组合方案为低密度区8层/cm,中密度区14层/cm,高密度区20层/cm。在最优层密度组合基础上,确定了不同热端温度条件下,液氮、液氧、液态甲烷VD-MLI满足漏热量要求的最小厚度。热端温度165K,液氮最小厚度9mm,液氧8mm,液态甲烷6mm;热端温度300K,液氮最小厚度39mm,液氧38mm,液态甲烷36mm;热端温度400K,液氮最小厚度94mm,液氧93mm,液态甲烷92mm。     

槽式太阳能电站集热管热性能测试及回归分析

利用热平衡法对桑普生产的槽式太阳能电站集热管的热性能进行了实验测试。实验结果显示,集热管内金属吸热管温度为143.6℃、200.9℃、267.2℃和290.3℃时,集热管的漏热量为21.2 W/m、39.8 W/m、50 5 W/m、88.8 W/m。根据集热管漏热的热物理过程,提出了H=f(T_(abs),T_(amb))=aT_(abs)~4+bT_(amb)~4b+cT_(amb)形式的回归模型,并对所测试真空管漏热量进行了回归分析,得到漏热量的回归数学表达式H=9.376×10~(-10)T_(abs)~4-8.685×10~(-10)T_(amb)~4-2.309×10~(-7)T_(amb)将回归模型应用于美国国家可再生能源实验室所测试的两种集热管,回归值与实验值符合较好,说明所提出的回归模型较合理。     

基于原位测量的复合材料冲击损伤定位

针对连续碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料层合板和玻璃纤维(GF)增强环氧树脂基复合材料层合板两类典型结构,开展了基于原位测量的冲击损伤定位研究。利用碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板自身的导电性,设计了电极阵列,考察了板厚对定位结果的影响;对于不导电玻璃纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板,设计并制备了多壁碳纳米管涂覆的玻璃纤维束(MWCNT@GF)传感器,并将MWCNT@GF嵌入层合板中形成传感网络,考察了不同入射角度对定位结果的影响。对于上述两种方法,编制了冲击损伤成像算法。结果表明:利用冲击前后碳纤维自身电阻和嵌入MWCNT@GF传感器的方法,可准确定位碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板和玻璃纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料层合板的冲击损伤。     

低温下双温区多管道绝热支撑设计及数值模拟研究

本文以液氢温区下的双温区多管道为研究对象, 对其进行了热流分析, 建立了几何模型, 采用有限元方法进行了热-结构耦合分析求解, 分析了不同壁厚及不同支撑宽度下漏热、 应力及形变的变化规律. 研究结果表明: 壁厚减小时, 漏热值减少, 绝热支撑总体应力增加, 支撑形变增大; 宽度减小时,20 K 温区漏热量减少,80 K 温区漏热增加, 总漏热量减少, 支撑应力增大, 最大形变量增大. 最终, 针对某工程使用的双温区四管道, 拟合出了壁厚与漏热、 最大应力及最大形变量变化规律的曲线、 方程, 宽度与双温区漏热、 最大应力及最大形变量变化规律的曲线、 方程. 在应力、 漏热、 形变量均允许的情况下, 得出最薄壁厚可取到1 .576 mm; 在壁厚取为2 mm 时, 得出最小宽度可取为0.572 mm.     

基于有限元方法的L型低温管道传热及强度分析

为了研究HV-MLI低温管道各部件在复杂载荷作用下的强度,以某一型号水平-竖直走向的L型HV-MLI低温管道为例,建立了热-结构耦合分析有限元模型。计算得出各工况下的管道温度场分布,以及管道中内管、外管、热桥和绝热支撑上的应力分布情况。分析结果表明:管道的绝热设计满足使用要求,绝热支撑和热桥是外界热量漏入管道的主要途径;L型HV-MLI低温管道中内管与弯头的等效应力随内管内压的增加而增大。在实际使用过程中内管、外管、弯头、热桥等结构不易发生危险;层间剪应力过大是绝热支撑的主要破坏因素。     

气冷屏复合绝热结构传热分析及屏位优化"

由气冷屏、聚氨酯泡沫和变密度多层绝热组成的气冷屏复合绝热结构是一种新型的高效热防护绝热结构,通过对不同环境条件下低温贮箱气冷屏复合绝热结构的传热机理分析,推导了气冷屏复合绝热结构中屏温与屏位的数值计算关系,并在此基础上根据漏热量最小原则对气冷屏复合绝热结构中的屏位进行了优化。结果表明,随着环境条件的不同,气冷屏复合绝热机理不同,气冷屏最优位置也不同。常温常压的地面环境,气冷屏置于SOFI与VD-MLI之间时,低温贮箱漏热量最小,绝热效果最优;真空且温度变化剧烈的空间环境,气冷屏置于VD-MLI最中间时,低温贮箱漏热量最小,绝热效果最优。气冷屏复合绝热结构可进一步降低空间低温贮箱的漏热量,同时能满足地面及空间环境使用要求。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.