微振动低温氦气恒温器的设计与实验

氦气作为一种导热系数较高的气体,能有效的传递冷量,可以对无法与样品座良好热接触的样品进行有效地冷却。同时对于自身传导性能较差的样品,低温氦气可以为样品提供一个温度均匀性和稳定性都较为理想的低温环境。文中介绍了一种G-M制冷机作为冷源,氦气作为传导介质的低温恒温器的设计。针对G-M制冷机的振动特性,做了实验和优化设计,使得G-M制冷机传递给样品腔的振动大大降低。     

G-M制冷机的电气控制与保护

G-M制冷机广泛应用于微电子技术、激光和电子设备、材料科学等技术领域。文中主要对G-M制冷机电源断相和电流过载、气体压力、冷凝温度等方面的自动控制与保护进行研究,提出了一系列保护措施,从而确保G-M制冷机的启动、制动和稳定运行。     

G-M/J-T氦制冷机系统冷箱漏热分析

冷箱是G-M/J-T氦制冷机系统的核心装置,氦制冷机冷箱由真空杜瓦、热防护屏组件、低温阀门和换热器组等构成,工作温度远低于环境温度。冷箱的漏热是影响G-M/J-T氦制冷机性能的一个重要因素。通过对G-M/J-T氦制冷机冷箱各主要部件的漏热计算,得出了冷箱内部主要部件漏热量分布,并进行了冷箱漏热实验验证,为G-M/J-T氦制冷机系统的优化设计和实验运行提供指导。     

G-M制冷机在高温超导磁储能磁体直接冷却中的应用研究

分析了超导磁储能直接冷却的特点,对G-M制冷机应用于超导磁储能直接冷却进行了方案设计和负荷计算;针对应用于超导磁储能冷却的G-M制冷机分析了热力参数对制冷系数和熵产率的影响;根据高温超导磁体冷却的实验结果,研究了G-M制冷机在磁储能直接冷却应用中的关键技术问题。     

低温真空泵用紧凑型两级G-M制冷机实验研究

文章详细描述了针对低温真空泵用的紧凑型两级G-M制冷机的实验系统和测试方法;试验测试了不同的蓄冷材料,尤其是磁性蓄冷材料来提高制冷机性能;在一种结构十分紧凑的两级G-M制冷机上,在12K获得了4W的制冷量,最低制冷温度为7.3K。文中还对该制冷机在没有吸附装置的情况下做了对比实验研究,有利于扩展G-M制冷机的用途。     

基于制冷机的高温超导谐波混频

我们分别选用了小型脉冲管制冷机以及小型G-M制冷机设计了高温超导混频测量系统,对亚毫米波段谐波混频进行了实验研究.采取了一些抑制系统噪声的措施后,在脉冲管制冷机上我们成功实现了100GHz混频,最高谐波次数达60次,在G-M制冷机上我们实现了300GHz混频,最高谐波次数达100次.     

40W/20K单级G-M制冷机设计与研究

目前商用G-M制冷机在20K时的制冷量一般小于10W,然而工业界对20K时具有更大制冷量的制冷机需求正在不断增长。文中对影响单级G-M制冷机制冷量的因素进行分析,提出相应的解决措施;并针对高温超导应用技术和一些低温系统工程项目的需求,设计了40W/20K单级G-M制冷机样机。     

热载荷下LEYBOLD G-M制冷机制冷性能测试

简要介绍了高温超导传导冷却的意义和G-M(Gifford-McMahon)制冷机的制冷原理。对高温超导传导冷却用G-M制冷机的空载降温过程,热载荷下的工作过程进行实验分析。总结了制冷机性能测试中的实验过程及方法,解决了实验中的一些问题。     

4W/10K两级G-M制冷机性能的试验研究

详细介绍了两级G-M制冷机的试验系统和测试方法,测得两级G-M制冷机性能指标为:一级最低温度32.9K,二级最低温度7.2K,降温时间约60min,且二级制冷量达到4.8W/10K;试验进一步研究了不同蓄冷材料对制冷机性能的影响,结果表明,采用磁性蓄冷材料Ho Cu2填充的两级G-M制冷机二级最低温度可达到2.9K,并可获得1.5W/4.2K制冷量,即使用磁性蓄冷材料可提高制冷机性能。     

单级G-M 150制冷机性能实验研究

为满足高温超导和低温气体处理系统等工程应用项目的大冷量需求,单级大冷量G-M制冷机成为目前国内外的研究热点。文章中描述了以G-M150为基础的制冷机综合性能测试方法及实验平台,并对其制冷温度和制冷量两个主要性能的影响因素进行实验研究,为探讨20K单级大冷量G-M制冷机的研究提供参考。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.