不同故障下高温超导电缆的失超分析

分析了高温超导电缆的结构,建立了高温超导电缆的数学模型,利用PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建了超导电缆的仿真模型,借助MATLAB软件计算了超导电缆在不同故障下的电流、阻值和温度的瞬时变化情况。分析了超导电缆在发生单相接地、两相短路及三相短路故障情况下导体层的电流、阻值和温度的变化过程。     

高温超导电缆屏蔽层中电流分布的仿真模型研究

高温超导电缆运行过程中,因其传输电流密度高,会对外部环境产生较大的电磁污染,需要对超导电缆进行电磁屏蔽。根据三相统包高温超导电缆结构,搭建了一种电路仿真模型,基于有限元仿真分析,对电路模型中的等效分布电容、等效电感、等效电阻进行了计算。分析了在三相对称、单相断路情况下电缆的运行情况,基于仿真模型,可对三相统包电缆屏蔽层屏蔽效果进行仿真测试分析,并对屏蔽层在不同工况下的通流情况进行指导设计。     

低温绝缘的高温超导电缆失超检测研究

高温超导电缆在电力系统中运行是发展趋势,若超导电缆本身故障或电力系统故障时都会对其产生重要影响。文中在理论分析低温绝缘的高温超导电缆在短路故障情况下屏蔽层电流与导体层电流相位、幅值的关系基础上,提出了针对低温绝的缘高温超导电缆的失超检测新方法——基于幅值差值检测和相位差值变化率检测,并通过仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC分析了电力系统发生各种短路故障时高温超导电缆的失超特性,从而验证了这两种检测方法的可行性。     

三相同轴冷绝缘超导电缆结构设计

三相同轴超导电缆具有节约高温超导带材用量、减小电缆体积和降低制冷功率等优点,是目前配电网应用的热点。受超导电缆短路热稳定性、载流能力及交流损耗的影响,三相同轴超导电缆结构设计难度较大。本文通过研究铜稳定层截面、超导层带材排布方式来设计三相同轴超导电缆,获得超导电缆的载流能力及交流损耗特性。建立故障电流下超导电缆热传导模型,提出了三相同轴冷绝缘高温超导电缆结构设计流程,并以10 kV/2.3 kA的高温超导电缆为例进行了优化设计。结果表明,在故障电流下,合理设计结构可有效减小电缆产生的焦耳热,增大超导电缆对故障电流的承受能力。     

10kV三相同轴高温超导电缆暂态电热特性分析

三相同轴高温超导电缆会受到电力系统中短路故障电流冲击,产生大量热,并可能被损坏。通过采用超导电缆各层的电流分布解析算法和温度分布数值计算法,构建了电缆仿真分析模型,包含电路模型、热模型和电热耦合模型。对10 kV/1.5 kA三相同轴高温超导电缆在20 kA,持续0.21 s故障电流冲击时的电流、电阻和温度分布进行计算。结果表明,在故障时间内,伴随着温度的上升,电缆各相等效电阻逐渐上升和电流逐渐下降。电缆三相同时短路时超导层的温度上升最大,温度最高可达131.1 K。电缆单相或两相短路时通过中性线的电流最大。分析结果为电缆的参数优化和保护运行系统的装置设计提供了参考依据。     

冷绝缘高温超导电缆电磁特性计算与分析

为了获得超导电缆电磁特性变化规律,针对冷绝缘高温超导电缆本体的基本结构,采用安培定律推导了超导电缆导体层和屏蔽层自感、互感的计算公式.通过110kV冷绝缘超导电缆的实例计算,研究了超导电缆导体层、屏蔽层的内径、绕向角、绕制方向三个结构参数对电磁特性的影响,总结了电感参数变化规律.     

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的高温超导电缆模型

在PSCAD/EMTDC中对国内首条110kV冷绝缘高温超导电缆建立了模型,该模型能够反映出电流在导体层和铜骨架之间的分流情况;将MATLAB与PSCAD/EMTDC通过接口程序连接,在MATLAB中编写了导体层阻值的计算程序,该程序考虑到了温度和电流的影响,能够反映出每一个采样时间段内阻值的变化情况;设置了单相接地故障,对故障电流下超导电缆的失超过程进行了仿真,得到并分析了失超过程中电流波形图以及导体层的温度曲线。     

基于FBG的直流高温超导电缆失超检测

高温超导电缆输电具有损耗小、传输密度高、无电磁污染等特点,越来越受到各国的重视。但是当超导电缆发生失超故障时,产生的焦耳热会影响电缆的绝缘,使电缆无法正常运行。快速准确的失超检测就显得尤为重要。设计制作了一条高温超导电缆的模型,并搭建了高温超导电缆的测温与保护平台,采用光纤光栅测温对其失超之后铜骨架的温度变化进行测量,结合理论分析与仿真计算,论证了光纤光栅能满足对于高温超导电缆失超检测的要求。该方法具有反应速度快、结构简单的特点,可用于检测采用Triaxial结构和实心骨架的高压交直流超导电缆失超故障,为高温超导电缆的失超检测技术的实际应用提供了参考依据。     

高温超导限流电缆研究现状与发展趋势综述

高温超导限流电缆是一种新型超导电缆,充分利用了第二代高温超导体的优势,在电力系统正常和故障状态时分别表现低阻抗载流和高阻抗限流特性。高温超导限流电缆集成了超导电缆与超导限流器两种超导电力装备的功能。对于超导电缆和超导限流器,分别都有相关研究综述,而对于高温超导限流电缆缺乏系统性综述研究。从高温超导限流电缆的原理与结构出发,综述国内外有关高温超导限流电缆的研究现状,针对面临的技术问题进行分析。总结出高温超导限流电缆动态电流分布、载流限流瞬态变化过程、高温超导限流电缆接入到电力系统的新拓扑结构等关键技术和基础科学问题,获得了高温超导限流电缆未来的发展方向和趋势。     

新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器的研究

在研究磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器原理的基础上,提出了一种新型磁屏蔽感应型高温超导故障限流器,它主要由一次超导绕组、二次超导圆柱形屏蔽筒、铁芯和液氮冷冻箱组成,其工作原理是利用超导绕组和超导筒从超导态转变到正常态时其阻抗的快速上升而限流,对应用于三相系统的新型磁屏蔽感应型超导故障限流器进行了仿真研究,它能显著地减少暂态及稳态的故障电流,有效地提高电力系统的稳定性.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.