固液润湿性对流体动压润滑薄膜的影响

利用自行开发的微型面接触润滑油膜测量系统,研究了固液润湿性对流体动压润滑油膜厚度的影响.试验中以静止的微型滑块平面和旋转的光学透明圆盘平面形成润滑副.固液的润湿性通过接触角判定,不同材料的微滑块平面和润滑液体形成不同的界面.在保持载荷和面接触楔形角不变的条件下对油膜厚度-速度关系进行了测量.结果表明:对于固液润湿性强的界面,形成的油膜厚度与经典润滑理论有较好的一致性;当固液润湿性明显降低时,测量得到的油膜厚度减小.对于试验中观察到的界面效应,应用界面滑移理论进行了初步分析.     

液氮激冷对含氢非晶碳膜性能的影响

采用等离子增强化学气相沉积系统制备了含氢非晶碳膜.加热到相应温度(200、250、300、350和400℃)后,对薄膜进行液氮激冷处理,并研究其结构、机械及摩擦性能的变化.结果表明:薄膜硬度在200～300℃温度下液氮激冷后,其硬度随热处理温度增加,C-C sp²键逐渐增加;在350～400℃温度下液氮激冷处理后,薄膜的硬度逐渐减小,薄膜呈石墨化趋势;而其弹性恢复在整个处理过程(200～400℃)中随温度升高持续增大,和C-C sp²键变化趋势一致.液氮激冷处理后,含氢非晶碳膜的摩擦系数及磨损量均得到改善,在300℃激冷处理的含氢非晶碳膜具备最低的摩擦系数及磨损量.     

离子液体添加剂对硬脂酸钾固体润滑薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用浸渍-提拉方法在单晶硅片上制备硬脂酸钾以及添加离子液体的硬脂酸钾复合薄膜,采用DF-PM型静-动摩擦磨损试验机考察薄膜在低速滑动条件下的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能量散射谱仪观察分析薄膜及其偶件表面的磨损形貌及典型元素面分布.结果表明:在相对低速滑动条件下,在羟基化硅基底上制备的复合薄膜的摩擦磨损性能优于硬脂酸钾薄膜;在载荷为1.0 N条件下,含离子液体质量分数40.0%的复合薄膜的耐磨寿命超过5 000次,而硬脂酸钾薄膜仅为100次左右;随着复合薄膜中离子液体含量增加,复合薄膜更容易在偶件钢球表面形成有效转移薄膜,使复合薄膜摩擦磨损性能得以提高.     

Gas Injection in a Liquid Saturated Porous Medium. Influence of Gas Pressurization and Liquid Films

We study numerically and experimentally the displacement of a liquid by a gas in a two-dimensional model porous medium. In contrast with previous pore network studies on drainage in porous media, the gas pressurization is fully taken into account. The influence of the gas injection rate on the displacement pattern, breakthrough time and the evolution of the pressure in the gas phase due in part to gas compressibility are investigated. A good agreement is found between the simulations and the experiments as regards the invasion patterns. The agreement is also good on the drainage kinetics when the dynamic liquid films are taken into account.     

Morphology of Liquid Drops and thin Films on a Solid Surface with Sinusoidal Microstructures

Surface microstructures of solid materials play a significant role in various wetting and dewetting phenomena. In the present paper, the effect of micro- and nano-structures of a substrate surface on the morphology and evolution of liquid droplets and thin films is examined. The governing equations satisfied by droplets and films on a sinusoidal surface are derived by considering van der Waals force, surface tension, gravity and hydrostatic pressure. The morphologies of both liquid droplets and thin films are numerically simulated under various characteristic sizes of roughness. It is found that the droplet shapes show a significant dependence upon the characteristic sizes of substrate microstructures. A thin liquid film on a hydrophilic substrate may have a horizontal surface or replicate the substrate morphology, depending on the wavelength of roughness.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10525210, 10121202) and the Ministry of Education of China.The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

非晶碳基薄膜材料水环境摩擦学研究进展

海洋资源的开发利用和人们对环保意识的提高促进了水润滑体系的快速发展.碳基薄膜材料以其高硬度、良好的化学稳定性、生物相容性和优异的减磨耐磨性能成为水润滑体系的最佳候选材料之一.文中综述了近年来碳基薄膜在水基润滑介质中的摩擦学性能及其润滑机理研究进展,并对碳基薄膜在水润滑体系中的潜在应用进行了展望,指出碳基薄膜将向着适应复杂多变环境的智能化及长寿命的方向发展.     

离子液体掺杂硅油薄膜的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用旋涂方法,利用硅油热交联反应在不同基底上制备了掺杂离子液体的硅油薄膜,用红外光谱仪表征了硅油薄膜的交联聚合行为,用DF-PM型静-动摩擦磨损试验机评价了薄膜的摩擦学性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了薄膜及偶件磨损表面形貌.结果表明,在甲基化和羟基化基底表面制备的薄膜的摩擦学性能较差,而在乙烯基化基底表面制备的薄膜同钢球对摩时表现出很好的摩擦学性能,这主要是由于乙烯基化基底表面的薄膜可通过交联聚合反应而同基底形成较强的化学键合作用所致.在滑动摩擦过程中,薄膜的摩擦系数随速度增加而减小,这是由于相对较厚的润滑薄膜发生剪切变稀效应所致.     

Impact Dynamics of Damaged Shells Interacting with a Two-Phase Liquid

The propagation of shock waves in a system consisting of a deformable medium with damage and a two-phase liquid with gas or vapor bubbles are studied. The nonlinear interaction of the media are modeled taking into account phase transformations in the liquid and the damage kinetics of the deformable medium. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 139–152, January–February, 2006.     

Formation and Evaporation of Near-Wall Liquid Films Under Expansion from a Nozzle Into Vacuum

Expansion of near-wall liquid films with different physical properties accompanied by high-velocity co-current gas flow from a nozzle into vacuum is studied experimentally. Local parameters of liquid films inside the nozzle are measured. Gas-droplet flow structure behind the nozzle exit cross-section is examined. Limiting temperatures of liquid films formed on the outer surface of the nozzle are measured.     

离子液体/织构化类金刚石碳复合润滑薄膜的构筑及其摩擦学性能的研究

分别采用激光织构、磁控溅射和浸渍-提拉技术在单晶硅片表面成功构筑了具有离子液体纳米薄膜的织构化类金刚石碳复合润滑薄膜,采用三维轮廓仪和SEM观察了织构化类金刚石碳表面,通过X射线光电子能谱证实了织构化类金刚石碳膜表面离子液体纳米薄膜的存在,并利用微摩擦试验机重点考察和理论分析了这种复合润滑薄膜在较大和微载荷下的摩擦学性能.研究结果表明:这种离子液体/织构化类金刚石碳复合润滑薄膜在微载荷下能够有效地缩短磨合时间、降低摩擦系数,然而其在小载荷下摩擦学性能欠佳.     

Volume Crystallization of a Nickel Droplet Containing Refractory Nanoparticles upon Its Impact onto a Substrate

A mathematical model is developed for nonequilibrium volume crystallization of a metallic droplet modified by mechanically activated refractory nanoparticles upon its impact onto a solid substrate. The model takes into account the kinetics of heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation during melt cooling. Specific features of crystallization of a liquid metal (nickel) depending on the concentration and size of modifying particles are examined numerically. A typical feature of the process considered is the maximum supercooling of the melt, whose magnitude depends on the particle size and cooling intensity. Homogeneous nucleation is almost absent. The calculated radii of droplets solidified on the substrate are in good agreement with available experimental data. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 29–34, January–February, 2006.     

Determination of Dynamic History of Impact Loadings Using Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Films

We propose a simple experimental method for determining dynamic history of impact loadings on flexible structures using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films. The dynamic impact history obtained from the proposed method is verified with impact hammers with inbuilt force sensors. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated with FEM computations based on the acquired impact history to predict the transient responses of a flexible cantilever beam.     

冲击载荷下盐岩的力学性能和本构关系研究

利用直径75mm的大尺寸SHPB实验装置开展盐岩的动态压缩性能实验研究,得到了其动态应力应变曲线。分析表明,在冲击压缩载荷作用下,盐岩材料有明显的损伤软化现象和应变率效应。针对实验曲线,通过引入描述材料强度随应变率强化的应变率增强因子和随不可逆变形发展而弱化的损伤因子,提出了含损伤率的相关动态本构模型,拟合得到的本构方程形式比较简单,能够较好地反映盐岩动态实验加载过程的主要特征,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

高速高粘度液体射流的穿甲效果

为了研究射流粘度对穿甲的影响,用火药炮实验装置产生了速度为1.5～2.0km/s的甘油射流,用曝光时间为180ns的可视化系统对高速甘油射流进行了流场显示。用甘油射流和水射流对4mm厚青铜板及3mm厚钢板进行了穿甲实验,验证了液体的粘弹性增加了射流的穿甲效果。实验还发现甘油的穿甲效果对甘油的体积分数有着依存关系,当体积分数为90%时效果最佳。     

Crystallization of self-propelled particles on a spherical substrate

In this paper, we investigate the self-propelled particles confined on a spherical substrate and explore the structural and dynamic properties of self-propelled particles by controlling the packing fraction and activity. We find that these self-propelled particles freeze into the crystal with the increase in the packing fraction. We observe the pattern evolution of inevitable topological defects due to the geometric constraints of the spherical substrate. During the process of freezing, there is a transition from twelve isolated grain boundaries to the uniform distribution of defects with the increase in the self-propelled velocity. Finally, we establish a phase diagram of the freezing process.These results may deepen our understanding of active particles in complex and crowded environments.     

Face-Centered Cubic Crystallization of Atomistic Configurations

Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis - We address the question of whether three-dimensional crystals are minimizers of classical many-body energies. This problem is of conceptual relevance...     

医用NiTi形状记忆合金表面类金刚石薄膜的生物摩擦磨损性能研究

利用脉冲电弧离子镀在医用NiTi形状记忆合金基底上沉积无氢类金刚石（DLC）薄膜,采用Raman光谱分析薄膜的微观结构,在UMT-2MT型摩擦磨损试验机上考察了薄膜的体外生物摩擦磨损特性．结果表明：所制备的类金刚石碳薄膜为四面体非晶碳薄膜,具有典型的类金刚石结构特征;在干摩擦及0．9％NaCl溶液和Hank’s溶液润滑条件下,DLC薄膜显示出良好的抗磨减摩性能;在NiTi合金表面沉积DLC薄膜以提高其生物相容性是可行的。